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- Grip, Carl Erik, et al.
(författare)
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Numerical prediction and experimental verification of thermal stratification during holding in pilot plant and production ladles
- 1999
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Ingår i: ISIJ International. - : Iron and Steel Institute of Japan. - 0915-1559 .- 1347-5460. ; 39:7, s. 715-721
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- A 3-dimensional CFD-model has been developed to simulate the natural convection flow in ladles. Qualified measurements of temperature and velocities in 107 and 7 tonne ladles have been made to verify the model. The downward convection flow at the ladle wall has been studied using radioactive isotopes and the thermal stratification has been studied by means of continuous temperature measurements. The experimental techniques are complex and additional numerical simulations have been carried out to study the effect of the measurement technique on the measurement error. The result indicates that the measurements are of sufficient accuracy for the validation. The measurements are compared to predictions from the numerical model. The main conclusion is that the theoretical CFD model gives a very accurate estimation of the temperature distribution during holding.
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| 3. |
- Grip, Carl-Erik, et al.
(författare)
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Theoretical and practical study of thermal stratification and drainage in ladles of different geometry
- 2000
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Ingår i: Scandinavian journal of metallurgy. - : Wiley. - 0371-0459 .- 1600-0692. ; 29:1, s. 30-38
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- SSAB Lulea, SSAB Oxelosund, MEFOS and Lulea University of Technology have cooperated in developing theoretical models for prediction of thermal stratification and drainage in steel ladles. Predicted results have been verified by measurements done in production ladles with heat weighs of 105 and 200 tonne as well as in a 7-tonne pilot plant ladle. The thermal stratification was measured by thermocouples at different depths. The drainage flow was studied by means of tracer experiments. Numerical simulation models of the steel flow were developed for 7, 105 and 200 tonne steel ladles. The agreement between predictions and measurements was found to be good. The conclusion is that CFD simulation gives a good prediction of stratification and drainage flows in production ladles.
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| 5. |
- Akbarnejad, Shahin, et al.
(författare)
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Analysis on Experimental Investigation and Mathematical Modeling of Incompressible Flow Through Ceramic Foam Filters
- 2016
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Ingår i: Metallurgical and materials transactions. B, process metallurgy and materials processing science. - : Springer. - 1073-5615 .- 1543-1916. ; 47:4, s. 2229-2243
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This paper presents experimental results of pressure drop measurements on 30, 50, and 80 pores per inch (PPI) commercial alumina ceramic foam filters (CFF) and compares the obtained pressure drop profiles to numerically modeled values. In addition, it is aimed at investigating the adequacy of the mathematical correlations used in the analytical and the computational fluid dynamics (CFD) simulations. It is shown that the widely used correlations for predicting pressure drop in porous media continuously under-predict the experimentally obtained pressure drop profiles. For analytical predictions, the negative deviations from the experimentally obtained pressure drop using the unmodified Ergun and Dietrich equations could be as high as 95 and 74 pct, respectively. For the CFD predictions, the deviation to experimental results is in the range of 84.3 to 88.5 pct depending on filter PPI. Better results can be achieved by applying the Forchheimer second-order drag term instead of the Brinkman-Forchheimer drag term. Thus, the final deviation of the CFD model estimates lie in the range of 0.3 to 5.5 pct compared to the measured values.
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| 10. |
- Alexis, Jonas, et al.
(författare)
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Heating and electromagnetic stirring in a ladle furnace – a simulationmodel
- 2000
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Ingår i: ISIJ International. - : Iron and Steel Institute of Japan. - 0915-1559 .- 1347-5460. ; 40:11, s. 1098-1104
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- A three-dimensional simulation model coupling heating and induction stirring in an ASEA-SKF ladle furnace was developed. Data of the heat transfer from the area to the steel bath were predicted in a separate model and included as boundary conditions in a ladle model. The are model considers the contributions of heat transferred by of each of the following mechanisms: radiation, convection, condensation and energy transported by electrons. Predictions were made to simulate the change of temperature distribution in the ladle during simultaneous heating with electrodes and stirring by induction. A first attempt was made to compare the predictions with measured temperatures from a 100 t ASEA-SKF ladle. The agreement was found to be fairly good when heat-flux data for a 25 cm are length were used as input to the ladle model. This indicates that the model can be used for more in-depth studies of the effects of heating for ladles that are inductively stirred.
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