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- Etu-Sihvola, H., et al.
(författare)
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The dIANA database - Resource for isotopic paleodietary research in the Baltic Sea area
- 2019
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Ingår i: Journal of Archaeological Science. - : Elsevier BV. - 2352-409X .- 2352-4103. ; 24, s. 1003-1013
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Paleodietary research is a complex field, which requires large sets of background information. Owing to increasing interest and activity in the field, a substantial amount of archaeological isotope baseline data exist for Northern Europe, consisting mainly of animal bone collagen delta C-13, delta N-15, and delta S-34 values. However, the data are scattered into dozens of publications written in multiple languages and less-accessible formats, making the data laborious to use. This article presents the first compilation work of this data, the open access dIANA database (Dietary Isotopic baseline for the Ancient North; https://www.oasisnorth.org/diana.html), aimed to support (paleo)dietary research in the Baltic Sea area. The database work is complemented with new analyses of archaeological and (pre-)modern domestic and wild fauna from Finland and Russia broadening the selection of analysed species in the database. We present and discuss data examples, which on one hand show existing spatiotemporal isotope patterns related to diet and differences in the environmental carbon sources and on the other, also visualize the current status of baseline research and the need for further analyses in the circum-Baltic area.
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- Junno, Aripekka, 1986-
(författare)
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Bringing home animals : Final-stage Jomon and Okhotsk Culture food technologies
- 2020
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- In this thesis, organic residues preserved in ancient pottery are used to reconstruct diversity andchange in the foodways of Late Holocene hunter-gatherer communities in coastal northern Hokkaido(1750 BCE–1250 CE). The Late Holocene period of this region is very dynamic, and characterised by numerous migrations and cultural replacements. The research into these processes has generally focused on typological variation in pottery, which is a device each of the period’s different culturesmade widespread use of. This thesis takes a novel approach, and uses pottery residue analysis to investigate long-term patterns of continuity and change in cooking practices, employing the conceptof cuisine to interpret the results. In particular, the Okhotsk Cultures (400–1100 CE) form a central focus of the thesis, and their complex animal cosmology, diverse subsistence and multifaceted household activities offer a rich context in which to examine changing foodways.The primary goal is understanding long-term and “macro-scale” patterns of continuity and change, and this also requires improving existing chronological frameworks, which largely rely on pottery typologies rather than radiocarbon dating. Refining and improving existing chronologies therefore forms the second goal of the thesis. The third goal is to examine foodways at a morecontextual “micro-scale”. This involves studying how pottery use was organised within the domestic space of a single Okhotsk Culture long-house, and how these practices were informed by social relations and the cosmology of human-animal interactions.The present thesis consists of an extended introduction, which sets the research in a wider regional and culture-historical setting, and also presents the main methods, concepts and approaches. The central research question is whether the close association between use of pottery and the processing of aquatic resources, which was established by the Early Holocene, does in fact persist into these Late Holocene cultures. The core of the thesis tackles this question by presenting five journal articles, which focus on the archaeological sites of Hamanaka 2, Kafukai 1 and 2, and Menashidomari. The overall results indicate that this older pattern was starting to break down, and that a range of new and more diverse cooking practices was emerging. The thesis also demonstrates that these important shifts in cuisine can also be tied into much higher-resolution chronological frameworks using new methods and approaches. Finally, the “micro-scale” analysis of containerfunction within a single household suggests that some sort of symbolic distinction was made between different sources of foods.
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| 7. |
- Stephens, Lucas, et al.
(författare)
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Archaeological assessment reveals Earth’s early transformation through land use
- 2019
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Ingår i: Science. - : American Association for the Advancement of Science. - 0036-8075 .- 1095-9203. ; 365:6456, s. 897-902
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Humans began to leave lasting impacts on Earth’s surface starting 10,000 to 8000 years ago. Through a synthetic collaboration with archaeologists around the globe, Stephens et al. compiled a comprehensive picture of the trajectory of human land use worldwide during the Holocene (see the Perspective by Roberts). Hunter-gatherers, farmers, and pastoralists transformed the face of Earth earlier and to a greater extent than has been widely appreciated, a transformation that was essentially global by 3000 years before the present.Science, this issue p. 897; see also p. 865Environmentally transformative human use of land accelerated with the emergence of agriculture, but the extent, trajectory, and implications of these early changes are not well understood. An empirical global assessment of land use from 10,000 years before the present (yr B.P.) to 1850 CE reveals a planet largely transformed by hunter-gatherers, farmers, and pastoralists by 3000 years ago, considerably earlier than the dates in the land-use reconstructions commonly used by Earth scientists. Synthesis of knowledge contributed by more than 250 archaeologists highlighted gaps in archaeological expertise and data quality, which peaked for 2000 yr B.P. and in traditionally studied and wealthier regions. Archaeological reconstruction of global land-use history illuminates the deep roots of Earth’s transformation and challenges the emerging Anthropocene paradigm that large-scale anthropogenic global environmental change is mostly a recent phenomenon.
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