| 1. |
- Köhlin, Gunnar, 1963, et al.
(författare)
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The SDG 8 Dilemma: How the School of Business, Economics and Law at University of Gothenburg is taking action on this front
- 2022
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Ingår i: Global Focus: the E F M D business magazine. - 1784-2344. ; 16:2, s. 78-81
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Tidskriftsartikel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- SDG 8 concerns a core controversy of sustainable development – the link between environment and economy. The School of Business, Economics and Law (SBEL) has a key role in the university’s assignment as leader of SGD 8 in the International Association of Universities’ global cluster on Higher Education and Research for Sustainable Development. The ambition is to engage and support a global community of researchers and to mobilize academic work and policy interaction in support of sustainable economic growth with good conditions for employees. In practice, it means transdisciplinary, applied action research and policy interaction that focus on solutions to growth and work related challenges, through collaboration among researchers and practitioners in local and global contexts. The work is done in cooperation with other faculties. Importantly, there is also collaboration with seven universities in the Global South, facilitated by the research network Environment for Development and its global hub, located at SBEL, At present, a good number of SBEL scholars are engaged in compiling and writing systematic literature reviews on SDG 8 themes. Drafts have been presented and discussed at workshops and conferences. In a second step, targets and indicators of SDG 8 will be critically scrutinized in order to reveal inherent biases, contradictions and links to other SDGs. In the third step, researchers and policy makers will be engaged in dialogue and following-up on selected indicators for inclusion in Voluntary National Reviews to the UN High Level Political Forum. This assigned engagement with SDG 8 started in 2019 and has, in many respects, successfully worked out this far. There are, however, also challenges and obstacles that merit reflections, eg. related to administrative structures as well as interest and capabilities among staff when it comes to interdisciplinary and transdisciplinary cooperation.
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| 2. |
- Yi, Yuanyuan, 1981, et al.
(författare)
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Property rights, tenure security and forest investment incentives: evidence from China's Collective Forest Tenure Reform
- 2014
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Ingår i: Environment and Development Economics. - 1355-770X .- 1469-4395. ; 19:1 Special issue, s. 48-73
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This paper assesses how tenure reform in China’s collective forest sector affects Chinese farmer households’ perception of tenure security and propensity to invest in their forestland. A large database consisting of information from 3,180 households in eight provinces from south to north is used to explore factors correlated with stronger perceived tenure security and determinants of forest related investment. The study adds to the limited research testing whether there is endogenous causality between investment and tenure security in forestland and finds that investment was not undertaken to enhance tenure security. In addition, the data allows for differentiation between perceived tenure security and contracted use and transferability rights. Overall, stronger contracted rights were found to affect investment. China’s forest tenure reform – where individual households can manage forestland, empowered by legal certification and stronger contract rights – has thus enhanced tenure security and encouraged forest investment.
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| 3. |
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| 4. |
- Alem, Yonas, 1974, et al.
(författare)
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Adoption and disadoption of electric cookstoves in urban Ethiopia: Evidence from panel data
- 2014
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Ingår i: Resources and Energy Economics. - : Elsevier BV. - 0928-7655. ; 38, s. 110-124
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- tPrevious studies on improved cookstove adoption in developingcountries use cross-sectional data, which make it difficult to con-trol for unobserved heterogeneity and investigate what happens toadoption over time. We use robust non-linear panel data and haz-ard models on three rounds of panel data from urban Ethiopia toinvestigate the determinants of adoption and disadoption of elec-tric cookstoves over time. We find that the prices of electricity andfirewood and access to credit are major determinants of adoptionand transition. Our findings have important implications for poli-cies aiming at promotion of energy transition and reduction of thepressure on forest resources in developing countries.
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| 5. |
- Alem, Yonas, 1974, et al.
(författare)
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Decision-making within the Household: The Role of Autonomy and Differences in Preferences
- 2018
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- We use a field experiment to identify how differences in preferences and autonomy in decision-making result in sub-optimal adoption of technologies that can maximize the welfare of all members of the household. We create income-earning opportunities and elicit willingness- to-pay (WTP) for energy-efficient cookstoves through a real stove purchase experiment with randomly chosen wives, husbands and couples. Experimental results suggest that women, who often are responsible for cooking and for collecting fuelwood, reveal a higher preference than men for the improved stoves. Using an instrumental variables tobit estimator, we show that women who have higher decision-making autonomy reveal higher WTP than those who have lower decision-making autonomy. A follow-up survey conducted 15 months after the stove purchase show that autonomy does not affect stove use. Our findings highlight the importance of considering division of labor, different preferences, and bargaining power differences within the household when promoting adoption of new household technologies.
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| 6. |
- Alem, Yonas, 1974, et al.
(författare)
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Decision-making within the household: The role of division of labor and differences in preferences
- 2023
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Ingår i: Journal of Economic Behavior and Organization. - : Elsevier BV. - 0167-2681. ; 207, s. 511-528
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We use a field experiment to identify how differences in preferences and spousal influence result in low willingness to pay (WTP) for technologies that can benefit all household members. We create income-earning opportunities to empower households and conduct an actual stove purchase experiment to elicit their WTP for fuel, time, and indoor air pollution-reducing improved cookstoves. The decision to buy the stove was randomly assigned to either wives, husbands, or couples using either individually or jointly earned income. Experimental results suggest that wives, who often are responsible for cooking and collecting fuelwood, are willing to pay 57% more than husbands and 39% more than couples. Wives who made the stove purchase decision alone using the income they earned alone are willing to pay 67% more than husbands who made the purchase decision alone. We also find that couples’ WTP is similar to that of husbands, implying that husbands dominate joint decisions. A follow-up survey conducted 15 months after the stove purchase shows that the treatments do not affect stove use. Our findings highlight the importance of considering the division of labor, preference difference, and spousal influence within the household when promoting the adoption of new household technologies. Improving access to cash for poor women would likely enable them to make decisions consistent with their preferences.
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| 7. |
- Alem, Yonas, 1974, et al.
(författare)
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Life Satisfaction in Urban Ethiopia: Trends and determinants
- 2012
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Most studies of subjective well-being in developing countries use cross-sectional data, which makes it difficult to control for unobserved individual heterogeneity. In this paper, we use three rounds of panel data and robust non-linear panel data models to investigate the trends and determinants of life satisfaction in urban Ethiopia. Although Ethiopia exhibited rapid economic growth during the analyzed period, the average reported level of life satisfaction declined. Regression results show that despite the significant difference between urban Ethiopia and industrialized countries in terms of economic and social conditions, many of the determinants of life satisfaction are similar. This includes, age, marital status, health, unemployment, economic status, relative position and educational achievement. Our results also indicate that both individual (respondent) and household level versions of these variables are important determinants of life satisfaction. This provides some evidence on the interdependence of individual and household subjective well-being in developing countries. The fact that rapid economic growth was accompanied by a decline in citizens’ average reported level of life satisfaction brings the pro-poorness of the recent economic growth in Ethiopia into question. We argue that economic growth that trickles down to the poor and ensures creation of stable jobs would be welfare enhancing.
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| 8. |
- Alem, Yonas, 1974, et al.
(författare)
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Modeling household cooking fuel choice: A panel multinomial logit approach
- 2016
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Ingår i: Energy Economics. - : Elsevier BV. - 0140-9883. ; 59, s. 129-137
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We use three rounds of a rich panel data set to investigate the determinants of household cooking fuel choice and energy transition in urban Ethiopia. We observe that the expected energy transition did not occur following economic growth in Ethiopia during the decade 2000–2009. Regression results from a random effects multinomial logit model, which controls for unobserved household heterogeneity, show that households' economic status, price of alternative energy sources, and education are important determinants of fuel choice in urban Ethiopia. The results also suggest the use of multiple fuels, or ‘fuel stacking behavior’. We argue that policy makers could target these policy levers to encourage transition to cleaner energy sources. © 2016 Elsevier B.V.
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| 9. |
- Alem, Yonas, 1974, et al.
(författare)
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Modelling Household Cooking Fuel Choice: a Panel Multinomial Logit Approach
- 2015
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- We use three rounds of a rich panel data set to investigate the determinants of household cooking fuel choice and energy transition in urban Ethiopia. We observe that the expected energy transition did not occur following economic growth in Ethiopia during the decade 2000-2009. Regression results from a random effects multinomial logit model suggest that households’ economic status, price of alternative energy sources, and education are important determinants of fuel choice in urban Ethiopia. The results also suggest the use of multiple fuels, or “fuel stacking behavior” by households. We argue that policy makers could target these policy levers to encourage transition to cleaner energy sources.
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| 10. |
- Alem, Yonas, 1974, et al.
(författare)
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The Dynamics of Electric Cookstove Adoption: Panel data evidence from Ethiopia
- 2013
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Previous studies on improved cookstove adoption in developing countries use cross-sectional data, which makes it difficult to control for unobserved heterogeneity and investigate what happens to adoption over time. We use robust non-linear panel data and hazard models on three rounds of panel data from urban Ethiopia to investigate the determinants and dynamics of electric cookstove adoption. We find the price of electricity and firewood, and access to credit as major determinants of adoption and transition. Our findings have important implications for policies aiming at promotion of energy transition and reduction of the pressure on forest resources in developing countries.
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