| 1. |
- Dintica, Christina S., et al.
(författare)
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Tooth loss is associated with accelerated cognitive decline and volumetric brain differences : a population-based study
- 2018
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Ingår i: Neurobiology of Aging. - : Elsevier BV. - 0197-4580 .- 1558-1497. ; 67, s. 23-30
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Tooth loss has been related to cognitive impairment; however, its relation to structural brain differences in humans is unknown. Dementia-free participants (n = 2715) of age >= 60 years were followed up for up to 9 years. A subsample (n = 394) underwent magnetic resonance imaging at baseline. Information on tooth loss was collected at baseline, and cognitive function was assessed using the Mini-Mental State Examination at baseline and at follow-ups. Data were analyzed using linear mixed effects models and linear regression models. At baseline, 404 (14.9%) participants had partial tooth loss, and 206 (7.6%) had complete tooth loss. Tooth loss was significantly associated with a steeper cognitive decline (beta: -0.18, 95% confidence interval [CI]: -0.24 to -0.11) and remained significant after adjusting for or stratifying by potential confounders. In cross-sectional analyses, persons with complete or partial tooth loss had significantly lower total brain volume (beta: -28.89, 95% CI: -49.33 to -8.45) and gray matter volume (beta: -22.60, 95% CI: -38.26 to -6.94). Thus, tooth loss may be a risk factor for accelerated cognitive aging.
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| 2. |
- Marseglia, Anna, et al.
(författare)
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Can active life mitigate the impact of diabetes on dementia and brain aging?
- 2020
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Ingår i: Alzheimer's & Dementia. - : Wiley. - 1552-5260 .- 1552-5279. ; 16:11, s. 1534-1543
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Introduction: We investigated whether lifelong exposure to stimulating activities (active life, AL) mitigates diabetes-associated dementia risk and brain aging.Methods: In the Swedish National Study on Aging and Care-Kungsholmen, 2286 dementia-free older adults (407 with MRI volumetric measures) were followed over 12 years to detect incident dementia. AL index (low, moderate, high) combined education, work complexity, leisure activities, and social network.Results: Participants with diabetes and low AL had higher dementia risk (hazard ratio [HR] = 2.36, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.45-3.87) than patients who were diabetes-free with moderate-to-high AL (reference). Dementia risk in participants with diabetes and moderate-to-high AL did not differ from the reference. People with diabetes and low AL had the smallest brain volume, but those with diabetes and moderate-to-high AL exhibited total brain and gray-matter volumes that were similar to those of diabetes-free participants. AL did not modify the diabetes microvascular lesions association.Discussion: AL could mitigate the deleterious impact of diabetes on dementia, potentially by limiting the loss of brain tissue volume.
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| 3. |
- Marseglia, Anna, et al.
(författare)
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Prediabetes and diabetes accelerate cognitive decline and predict microvascular lesions : A population-based cohort study
- 2019
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Ingår i: Alzheimer's & Dementia. - : Wiley. - 1552-5260 .- 1552-5279. ; 15:1, s. 25-33
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Introduction: The impact of prediabetes and diabetes on cognitive decline and the potential underlying mechanisms remain unclear. We investigated whether prediabetes and diabetes accelerate cognitive decline and brain aging, and the initial pathological changes linked to microvascular processes.Methods: Nine-year longitudinal data from the Swedish National Study on Aging and Care-Kungsholmen (n = 2746, age >= 60 years) and the magnetic resonance imaging subsample (n = 455) were used. Cognitive function was assessed with Mini-Mental State Examination. Brain magnetic resonance imaging markers included total brain tissue, white matter, gray matter, white matter hyperintensities, and hippocampal volumes.Results: Compared with diabetes-free status, prediabetes and diabetes were independently associated with accelerated cognitive decline. Prediabetes was cross-sectionally associated with smaller total brain tissue volume (P < .01), particularly smaller white matter volume. Diabetes was associated with larger white matter hyperintensities volume. Longitudinally, diabetes was associated with faster white matter hyperintensities accumulation. No associations between prediabetes or diabetes and hippocampal volume were found.Discussion: Diabetes and prediabetes accelerate cognitive decline and might predict microvascular lesions among dementia-free older adults.
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| 4. |
- Prinelli, Federica, et al.
(författare)
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Specific nutrient patterns are associated with higher structural brain integrity in dementia-free older adults
- 2019
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Ingår i: NeuroImage. - : Elsevier BV. - 1053-8119 .- 1095-9572. ; 199, s. 281-288
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Optimal nutrition may play a beneficial role in maintaining a healthy brain. However, the relationship between nutrient intake and brain integrity is largely unknown. We investigated the association of specific nutrient dietary patterns with structural characteristics of the brain. Within the population-based Swedish National study on Aging and Care-Kungsholmen (SNAC-K), a cross-sectional study of 417 dementia-free participants aged >= 60 years who underwent structural magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scans during 2001-2003, was carried-out. Data on dietary intake were collected using a food frequency questionnaire, from which intake of 21 nutrients was estimated. By principal component analysis, five nutrient patterns were extracted: (1) NP1 was characterized by fiber, vitamin C, E, beta-carotene, and folate [Fiber&Antioxidants], (2) NP2 by eicosapentaenoic (EPA, 20:5 omega-3) and docosahexaenoic (DHA, 22:6 omega-3) polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs), proteins, cholesterol, vitamin B3, B12, and D [long chain (LC) omega-3PUFAs&Proteins], (3) NP3 by alpha-linoleic (18:2 omega-6) and alpha-linolenic (18:3 omega-3) PUFAs, monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFAs), and vitamin E [MUFAs &omega-3,6PUFAs], (4) NP4 by saturated fatty acids (SFAs), trans fats, MUFAs, and cholesterol [SFAs&Trans fats], (5) NP5 by B-vitamins, retinol, and proteins [B-Vitamins&Retinol]. Nutrient patterns scores were tertiled with the lowest tertile as reference, and were related to total brain volume (TBV) and white matter hyperintensities volume (WMHV) using linear regression models adjusting for potential confounders. In the multi-adjusted model, compared to the lowest intake for each pattern, the highest intake of NP1 (beta = 11.11, P = 0.009), NP2 (beta = 7.47, P = 0.052), and NP3 (beta = 10.54, P = 0.005) was associated with larger TBV whereas NP5 was related to smaller TBV (beta = -12.82, P = 0.001). The highest intake of NP1 was associated with lower WMHV (beta = -0.32, P = 0.049), whereas NP4 was associated with greater WMHV (beta = 0.31, P = 0.036). In sum, our results suggest that the identified brain-health specific nutrient combinations characterized by higher intake of fruit, vegetables, legumes, olive and seed oils, fish, lean red meat, poultry and low in milk and dairy products, cream, butter, processed meat and offal, were strongly associated with greater brain integrity among older adults.
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