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- Momeni, H. R., et al.
(författare)
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Apoptosis in cultured spinal cord slices of neonatal mouse
- 2008
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Ingår i: Iranian Journal of Science and Technology Transaction A: Science. - 1028-6276. ; 32:A2, s. 109-116
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Organotypic spinal cord slices from neonatal mammals could be a powerful model for evaluation of cell survival but also cell death mechanisms. The aim of this study was to establish an in vitro model for investigating cell survival and mechanism involved in cell death in neonatal spinal cord slices. The spinal cord was sliced and incubated into culture medium. The MTT assay was carried out to assess the viability of the slices and fluorescent staining was used to study morphological features of apoptosis, where as nucleosomal DNA fragmentation was detected using agarose gel electrophoresis. The results of the present study demonstrated that the slices could be maintained in culture up to 14 days. Both neurons and glial cells died by apoptosis and application of a general caspase inhibitor neither affected slice survival nor nucleosomal DNA fragmentation after 24 h in culture. In addition, the inhibitor failed to block apoptosis in neurons and glial cells in the cultured slices. Our results suggest that in the cultured slices, apoptosis is the main reason for neuron and glial cell death, which occurs by a caspase-independent mechanism.
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| 6. |
- Kjellstrand, P., et al.
(författare)
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Perchloroethylene: Effects on body and organ weights and plasma buturylcholinesterase activity in mice
- 1984
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Ingår i: Acta Pharmacologica et Toxicologica. - : Wiley. - 0001-6683. ; 54:5, s. 414-424
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The effects of continuous and intermittent inhalation of perchloroethylene (PCE) on plasma butyrylcholinesterase (BuChE) activity, organ weights, liver morphology and motor activity in mice (strain NMRI) were tested. PCE exposure increased plasma BuChE activity in a time- and concentration dependent manner in both sexes. The increase was statistically significant at 37 p.p.m. in animals continuously exposed for 30 days. BuChE increased approximately 1.5 times in females and 2.5 times in males after 120 days exposure to 150 p.p.m. After rehabilitation of animals exposed for 30 days to 150 p.p.m., BuChE levels returned to normal. Liver weight also increased in a time and concentration dependent manner. Both sexes exhibited significant liver enlargement at 9 p.p.m. The increase was about 2.3 in females and 1.9 in males after continuous exposure to 150 p.p.m. for 120 days. After rehabilitation (120 days) of animals exposed to 150 p.p.m. for 30 days, a 10% increase still remained. A decrease in body weight gain was seen in both sexes after exposure to concentrations above 75 p.p.m. Female kidney weight was slightly increased. No clear effect on spleen weight could be detected. When the same time-weighted average concentration was used, intermittent exposure for 30 days had similar effects on liver weight and BuChE activity as continuous exposure, even when exposures lasted for only one hour per day. Liver cell morphology was changed after PCE exposure. The alterations could be observed already at 9 p.p.m. but disappeared after rehabilitation.
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| 7. |
- Kjellstrand, Per, et al.
(författare)
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Trichloroethylene: Effects on body and organ weights in mice, rats and gerbils
- 1981
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Ingår i: Toxicology. - 0300-483X. ; 21:2, s. 105-115
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The influence of continuous inhalation of 150 ppm trichloroethylene (TCE) on body, liver, spleen, and kidney weights in rats, mice, and mongolian gerbils was tested. An age dependent decrease in body weight gain was observed in female rats exposed to TCE. All 3 spcies showed liver enlargement caused by the exposure. The effect was much more pronounced in mice, in which the increase was 60–80%, than in rats and gerbils where it was only 20–30%. After the end of the TCE-exposure the liver weights of the mice decreased rapidly. After 5 days of rehabilitation to the weight was only 10–20% higher than that of the controls. This difference persisted for at least 25 days. The spleen weight appeared unaffected or somewhat smaller in TCE-exposed animals of all species. An increased kidney weight (15%) was observed in TCE-exposed gerbils. This effect was less pronounced in mice and rats. Effects on the liver have earlier been seen only after exposure to concentrations much higher than that used in the present study. This difference is results in proposed to be due to the different schedules used for the exposure.
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| 8. |
- Kjellstrand, Per, et al.
(författare)
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Trichloroethylene: Further studies of the effect on body and organ weights and plasma buturylcholinesterase activity in mice
- 1983
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Ingår i: Acta Pharmacologica et Toxicologica. - : Wiley. - 0001-6683. ; 53:5, s. 375-384
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The effects of continuous and intermittent inhalation of trichloroethylene (TCE) were studied in male and female mice. Plasma butyrylcholinesterase (BuChE) activity, body, liver, kidney and spleen weights were measured. The liver was studied histologically and motor activity measured with doppler radar. Continuous TCE-exposure (37–300 p.p.m.) increased plasma BuChE activity in the males in a time and concentration dependent manner. After 30 days at 37 p.p.m. the increase was about 25%. Exposure to 300 p.p.m. for 30 days increased the activity three times. BuChE activity in females was only slightly influenced even at 300 p.p.m. Liver weight was increased in a time and concentration dependent manner in both sexes. In animals continuously exposed for 30 days to 300 p.p.m., liver weight was roughly twice that of the air-exposed controls. Morphological changes were observed in the liver of TCE-exposed animals. Above 150 p.p.m. kidney weight in both sexes was significantly increased. This effect was more pronounced in the males than in the females. Spleen weight was not influenced by the exposure. Body weight increase was slightly lower in exposed animals. Plasma BuChE activity and liver weight returned to normal when exposure was terminated. Intermittent exposure to short pulses of high concentration of TCE had roughly the same effect on BuChE, body and organ weights as continuous exposure to the same time-weighted average. Motor activity was affected by the intermittent exposure schedules. At 900 p.p.m. decrease in activity was observed. At 3600 p.p.m. motor activity was considerably increased.
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