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| 2. |
- Aw, S T, et al.
(författare)
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Individual semicircular canal function in superior and inferior vestibular neuritis
- 2001
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Ingår i: Neurology. - 1526-632X. ; 57:5, s. 768-774
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- OBJECTIVE: To examine the concept of selective superior and inferior vestibular nerve involvement in vestibular neuritis by studying the distribution of semicircular canal (SCC) involvement in such patients. BACKGROUND: Vestibular neuritis was traditionally thought to involve the superior and inferior vestibular nerves. Recent work suggests that in some patients, only the superior nerve is involved. So far there are no reported cases of selective involvement of the inferior vestibular nerve. METHODS: The authors measured the vestibuloocular reflex from individual SCC at natural head accelerations using the head impulse test. The authors studied 33 patients with acute unilateral peripheral vestibulopathy, including 29 with classic vestibular neuritis and 4 with simultaneous ipsilateral hearing loss, 18 healthy subjects and 15 surgical unilateral vestibular deafferented patients. RESULTS: In patients with preserved hearing, eight had deficits in all three SCC, suggesting involvement of the superior and inferior vestibular nerves. Twenty-one had a lateral SCC deficit or a combined lateral and anterior SCC deficit consistent with selective involvement of the superior vestibular nerve. Two patients with ipsilateral hearing loss had normal caloric responses and an isolated posterior SCC deficit on impulsive testing. The authors propose that these two patients had a selective loss of inferior vestibular nerve function. CONCLUSION: Vestibular neuritis can affect the superior and inferior vestibular nerves together or can selectively affect the superior vestibular nerve.
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| 3. |
- Berling Holm, Katarina
(författare)
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The Chorda Tympani Nerve : Role in Taste Impairment in Middle Ear Disease and after Ear Surgery
- 2017
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The chorda tympani nerve, also known as the taste nerve, runs uncovered through the middle ear cavity, a localization that exposes the nerve to pathological processes and surgical trauma in the middle ear. People operated on for otosclerosis tend to complain more about postoperative taste disturbances than those operated on for chronic otitis media. It has been suggested that this difference may be explained by gradual deterioration of chorda tympani nerve function caused by chronic otitis media infection and that further impairment caused by surgery is less noticeable in these patients.This thesis aimed to evaluate the function of the chorda tympani nerve, the effects of middle ear disease on taste and complications resulting from ear surgery for chronic otitis media or otosclerosis. This information will help to improve the ear surgeon’s ability to predict the prognosis of iatrogenic taste disturbances in patients with middle ear disease and after ear surgery.Taste was assessed using electrogustometry and the filter paper disc method before and after surgery for chronic otitis media or otosclerosis. Patients also completed questionnaires about symptoms and quality of life. The status of the chorda tympani nerve upon surgical opening of the ear and grading of the trauma to the nerve during the surgery were recorded. The ultrastructure of the chorda tympani nerve from healthy ears and from ears with chronic otitis media was examined. Electrogustometry and the filter paper disc method were evaluated.The results of electrogustometry and the filter paper disc method were highly reproducible, although their correlation was moderate. Patients with chronic otitis media, patients with a more traumatized nerve, female patients and younger patients were more likely to report postoperative taste disturbances. Most of the patients recovered their taste after 1 year. The quality of life study showed only minor changes after surgery. Electron microscopic observations of nerves from ears with chronic otitis media showed signs of structural degeneration, although signs of regeneration, such as sprouting were also observed. This results may explain the recovery of taste postoperatively and indicate that the nerve should be carefully handled during surgery.
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| 4. |
- Betts, G A, et al.
(författare)
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Neck muscle vibration alters visually-perceived roll after unilateral vestibular loss
- 2000
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Ingår i: NeuroReport. - 1473-558X. ; 11:12, s. 2659-2662
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Unilateral sternocleidomastoid muscle vibration was applied to 21 normal and six unilateral vestibular deafferented (uVD) human subjects at head erect and during 30 degrees left and right whole body roll-tilt. In normal subjects, neck vibration had no effect upon the settings of a visual bar to subjective visual horizontal (SVH) in any roll-tilt condition. In uVD subjects settings to SVH were significantly altered by neck vibration, with ipsilesional neck vibration increasing the SVH bias at head erect. Further, during contralesional roll-tilt, ipsilesional neck vibration in uVD subjects significantly increased the E-effect. These results suggest that compensation after vestibular loss allows cervical signals to influence visual perception of roll-tilt.
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| 5. |
- Boivie, J, et al.
(författare)
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Yrsel
- 2006
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Ingår i: Neurologi. - 9147053135 ; , s. 485-485
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Bokkapitel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)
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| 6. |
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| 7. |
- Fransson, Per-Anders, et al.
(författare)
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Direction of galvanically-induced vestibulo-postural responses during active and passive neck torsion
- 2000
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Ingår i: Acta Oto-Laryngologica. - : Informa UK Limited. - 1651-2251 .- 0001-6489. ; 120:4, s. 500-503
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The direction of a postural response induced by galvanic vestibular stimulation depends on the head and trunk position. The relative importance of afferent information (proprioception) and efferent motor command/corollary discharge is unknown. We studied the direction of body sway evoked by galvanic vestibular stimulation in 9 healthy subjects during active and passive head positioning at 0 degrees frontal position, 35 degrees to the left, and 75 degrees to the right, using a custom-built collar. At 0 degrees and 75 degrees there were no significant differences in sway direction between active and passive head positioning. The galvanic stimulation invoked sway toward the anode, mainly in the inter-aural direction. The sway direction differed significantly between active and passive positioning at 35 degrees to the side (p < 0.05). When the head was actively kept in this position, the body sway was mainly in an inter-aural direction. The sway shifted to a naso-occipital direction when the head was passively positioned at 35 degrees. Our results indicate that the afferent proprioceptive information has the largest influence on the direction of the galvanically-induced postural response, although some dependence on efferent motor commands and non-linear cervical proprioception cannot be ruled out entirely.
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| 8. |
- Fransson, Per-Anders, et al.
(författare)
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Postural Control Adaptation during Galvanic Vestibular and Vibratory Proprioceptive Stimulation
- 2003
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Ingår i: IEEE Transactions on Biomedical Engineering. - 1558-2531. ; 50:12, s. 1310-1319
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- he objective for this study was to investigate whether the adaptation of postural control was similar during galvanic vestibular stimulation and during vibratory proprioceptivestimulation of the calf muscles. Healthy subjects were tested during erect stance with eyes open or closed. An analysis method designed to consider the adaptive adjustments was used to evaluate the motion dynamics and the evoked changes of posture and stimulation response.Galvanic vestibular stimulation induced primarily lateral body movements and vibratory proprioceptive stimulation induced anteroposterior movements. The lateral body sway generated by the galvanic stimulation was proportionally smaller and contained more high-frequency movements (0.1 Hz) than the anteroposterior body sway induced by the vibratory stimulation. The adaptive adjustments of the body sway to the stimulation had similar time course and magnitude during galvanic and vibratory stimulation. The perturbations induced by stimulation were gradually reduced within the same time range (15–20 s) and both kinds of stimulation induced a body leaning whose direction was dependent on stimulus. The similarities in the adjustmentpatterns suggest that postural control operates in the same way independent of the receptor systems affected by the disturbance and irrespective of whether the motion responses were induced in a lateral or anteroposterior direction.
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| 9. |
- Gorcenco, Sorina, et al.
(författare)
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Ataxia-pancytopenia syndrome with SAMD9L mutations
- 2017
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Ingår i: Neurology: Genetics. - 2376-7839. ; 3:5
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- OBJECTIVE: We describe the neurologic, neuroradiologic, and ophthalmologic phenotype of 1 Swedish and 1 Finnish family with autosomal dominant ataxia-pancytopenia (ATXPC) syndrome and SAMD9L mutations.METHODS: Members of these families with germline SAMD9L c.2956C>T, p.Arg986Cys, or c.2672T>C, p.Ile891Thr mutations underwent structured interviews and neurologic and ophthalmologic examinations. Neuroimaging was performed, and medical records were reviewed. Previous publications on SAMD9L-ATXPC were reviewed.RESULTS: Twelve individuals in both families were affected clinically. All mutation carriers examined had balance impairment, although severity was very variable. All but 1 had nystagmus, and all but 1 had pyramidal tract signs. Neurologic features were generally present from childhood on and progressed slowly. Two adult patients, who experienced increasing clumsiness, glare, and difficulties with gaze fixation, had paracentral retinal dysfunction verified by multifocal electroretinography. Brain MRI showed early, marked cerebellar atrophy in most carriers and variable cerebral periventricular white matter T2 hyperintensities. Two children were treated with hematopoietic stem cell transplantation for hematologic malignancies, and the neurologic symptoms of one of these worsened after treatment. Three affected individuals had attention deficit hyperactivity disorder or cognitive problems. Retinal dysfunction was not previously reported in individuals with ATXPC.CONCLUSIONS: The neurologic phenotype of this syndrome is defined by balance or gait impairment, nystagmus, hyperreflexia in the lower limbs and, frequently, marked cerebellar atrophy. Paracentral retinal dysfunction may contribute to glare, reading problems, and clumsiness. Timely diagnosis of ATXPC is important to address the risk for severe hemorrhage, infection, and hematologic malignancies inherent in this syndrome; regular hematologic follow-up might be beneficial.
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