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- Afram, Basema, et al.
(author)
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Predicting institutional long-term care admission in dementia: a mixed-methods study of informal caregivers' reports
- 2015
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In: Journal of Advanced Nursing. - Chichester : Wiley. - 0309-2402 .- 1365-2648. ; 71:6, s. 1351-1362
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- AimTo investigate agreement between: (1) expected reasons and actual reasons for admission of people with dementia according to informal caregivers; (2) scores on measurement instruments prior to admission and the actual reasons for admission according to informal caregivers. BackgroundTimely admission of people with dementia is a crucial issue. Information is highly warranted on whether informal caregivers are capable of prior identification of causes of admission and, can thus be considered a reliable prospective source on causes of admission. DesignA cohort study among informal caregivers of people with dementia who made a transition to institutional long-term care. MethodsQualitative data on the expected and actual reasons for admission were collected via open-ended questions at baseline and follow-up. Furthermore, at baseline, data were collected using measurement instruments to measure pre-admission characteristics. Interviews took place between November 2010-April 2012. After categorizing the answers, the agreement between the expected and actual reasons was calculated. Furthermore, bivariate associations were calculated between the actual reasons for admission and scores on corresponding measurement instruments. Results/FindingsFor most informal caregivers, there was agreement between their statements on the expected reason and the actual reason for admission. A third of the caregivers showed no conformity. Bivariate associations showed that there is also agreement between the actual reasons for admission and scores on corresponding measurement instruments. ConclusionInformal caregivers can be considered reliable sources of information regarding what causes the admission of a person with dementia. Professional care should anticipate informal caregivers' statements and collaborate with them to strive for timely and appropriate admission.
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- Barow, Thomas, 1969, et al.
(author)
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Junge Menschen mit geistiger Behinderung in Schweden und deren Übergang in die Arbeitswelt: Forschungsstand und Perspektiven
- 2016
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In: Hedderich, I. & Zahnd, R. (red.). Teilhabe und Vielfalt: Herausforderungen einer Weltgesellschaft. - Bad Heilbrunn : Verlag Julius Klinkhardt. - 9783781520592 ; , s. 337-343
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Book chapter (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Der Übergang von der Schule in die Arbeitswelt bedeutet eine Weichenstellung im Lebenslauf, nicht zuletzt mit Blick auf die Situation von Menschen mit geistiger Behinderung. Gerade für diese Personengruppe und im Kontext hoher Jugendarbeitslosigkeit bestätigen jüngste Forschungen in Schweden die Schwierigkeiten, im Erwerbsleben Fuß zu fassen. Der Beitrag präsentiert den schwedischen Forschungsstand und die sich daraus ergebenden Perspektiven.
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- Diehl, Sebastian, et al.
(author)
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Inverse relationship of epilithic algae and pelagic phosphorusin unproductive lakes : Roles of N2 fixers and light
- 2018
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In: Freshwater Biology. - Chichester : Wiley-Blackwell Publishing Inc.. - 0046-5070 .- 1365-2427. ; 63:7, s. 662-675
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- 1. Phosphorus (P) often limits the biomass of primary producers in freshwater lakes. However, in unproductive northern lakes, where anthropogenic nitrogen (N) deposition is low, N instead of P can limit primary producers. In addition, light can be limiting to primary producers at high concentrations of coloured dissolved organic matter (cDOM), as cDOM is the major determinant of light penetration in these lakes.2. To address resource limitation of epilithic algal biomass, we repeatedly sampled epilithon (periphyton on stony substrata) in 20 lakes covering a large, correlated cDOM and N-deposition gradient across boreal and subarctic Sweden. Across these lakes, pelagic total N (TN) and total P (TP) were positively correlated, and benthic light supply was negatively correlated, with cDOM. Microscopically determined algal biovolume and epilithic carbon (C), N and P were subsequently regressed against benthic light supply and pelagic TN and TP.3. Patterns in epilithic biovolume were driven by N2-fixing cyanobacteria, which accounted for 2%–90% of total epilithic biovolume. Averaged over the growing season, epilithic algal biovolume, C and N were negatively related to TP and positively to TN, and were highest in the clearest, most phosphorus-poor lakes, where epilithon was heavily dominated by potentially N2-fixing cyanobacteria.4. A structural equation model supports the hypothesis that cDOM had two counteracting effects on total epilithic algal biovolume: a positive one by providing N to algae that depend on dissolved N for growth, and a negative one by shading N2-fixing cyanobacteria, with the negative effect being somewhat stronger.5. Together, these findings suggest that (1) light and N are the main resources limiting epilithic algal biomass in boreal to subarctic Swedish lakes, (2) epilithic cyanobacteria are more competitive in high-light and low-nitrogen environments, where their N2-fixing ability allows them to reach high biomass, and (3) epilithic N increases with N2 fixer biomass and is—seemingly paradoxically—highest in the most oligotrophic lakes. © 2018 John Wiley & Sons Ltd
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- Hallberg, Ingalill R, et al.
(author)
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The dementia care system in the eight RTPC European countries
- 2013
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In: The Journal of Nutrition, Health & Aging. - Heidelberg : Springer. - 1279-7707 .- 1760-4788. ; 17:Suppl. 1, s. S212-S212
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Introduction: Exploring the care and service activities offered throughout the trajectory of dementia is an opportunity for countries to learn from each other. As part of the RightTimePlaceCare project’s general objective to develop best practice strategies this presentation describes development, content and application of a template to explore the dementia health, social care and welfare systems from early sign, diagnosis, intermediate and moderate stage and to the late stage of the disease. It also describes some of the findings with regard to the chain of care and service for people with dementia.Method: A step-wise consensus procedure was applied to identify, define and develop a template covering care and service throughout the disease trajectory. In addition the professionals involved were identified and defined as for their educational level.Results: In total 50 care and service activities compiled in seven groups were identified: 1) Screening, diagnostic procedure, treatment of dementia and complications; 2) Outpatient care facilities; 3) Care at home; 4) Institutional care; 5) Palliative care; 6) Informal caregiving and support; 7) Civic activities. The largest differences in terms of availability were found for care activities specifically for people with dementia. Non-pharmacological treatment was not commonly utilized in whilst pharmacological treatment for BPSD was common. Also education and social support to family caregivers was sparsely utilized.Conclusion: The care and service offered to people with dementia and family caregivers covers a wide range of activities. Facilities specifically for dementia varies among countries.There are more similarities among countries than differences.
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- Höglund, Linda, 1974-, et al.
(author)
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Energy level scheme of InAs/InxGa1-xAs/GaAs quantum-dots-in-a-well infrared photodetector structures
- 2010
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In: Physical Review B. Condensed Matter and Materials Physics. - Woodbury, NY : American Physical Society. - 1098-0121 .- 1550-235X. ; 82:3, s. 035314-
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- A thorough investigation of quantum-dots-in-a-well structures for infrared photodetector applications has been performed employing different experimental techniques. The electronic structure of self-assembled InAs quantum dots embedded in an In0.15Ga0.85As/GaAs quantum well (QW) was deduced from photoluminescence (PL) and PL excitation (PLE) spectroscopy. From polarization-dependent PL it was revealed that the quantum dots hold two electron energy levels and two heavy-hole levels. Tunnel capacitance spectroscopy confirmed an electron energy level separation of about 50 meV, and additionally, that the conduction-band ground state and excited state of the dots are twofold and fourfold degenerates, respectively. Intersubband photocurrent spectroscopy, combined with simultaneous interband pumping of the dots, revealed a dominant transition at 150 meV (8.5 mu m) between the ground state of the quantum dots and the excited state of the QW. Results from detailed full three-dimensional calculations of the electronic structure, including effects of composition intermixing and interdot interactions, confirm the experimentally unravelled energy level scheme of the dots and well.
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