| 1. |
- Cornelissen, Johannes H C, et al.
(författare)
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Global negative vegetation feedback to climate warming responses of leaf litter decomposition rates in cold biomes
- 2007
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Ingår i: Ecology Letters. - : Wiley. - 1461-023X .- 1461-0248. ; 10:7, s. 619-627
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Whether climate change will turn cold biomes from large long-term carbon sinks into sources is hotly debated because of the great potential for ecosystem-mediated feedbacks to global climate. Critical are the direction, magnitude and generality of climate responses of plant litter decomposition. Here, we present the first quantitative analysis of the major climate-change-related drivers of litter decomposition rates in cold northern biomes worldwide.Leaf litters collected from the predominant species in 33 global change manipulation experiments in circum-arctic-alpine ecosystems were incubated simultaneously in two contrasting arctic life zones. We demonstrate that longer-term, large-scale changes to leaf litter decomposition will be driven primarily by both direct warming effects and concomitant shifts in plant growth form composition, with a much smaller role for changes in litter quality within species. Specifically, the ongoing warming-induced expansion of shrubs with recalcitrant leaf litter across cold biomes would constitute a negative feedback to global warming. Depending on the strength of other (previously reported) positive feedbacks of shrub expansion on soil carbon turnover, this may partly counteract direct warming enhancement of litter decomposition.
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| 2. |
- Danielsson, Henrik, et al.
(författare)
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A Systematic Review of Longitudinal Trajectories of Mental Health Problems in Children with Neurodevelopmental Disabilities
- 2024
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Ingår i: Journal of Developmental and Physical Disabilities. - : Springer. - 1056-263X .- 1573-3580. ; 36, s. 203-242
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Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- To review the longitudinal trajectories - and the factors influencing their development - of mental health problems in children with neurodevelopmental disabilities. Systematic review methods were employed. Searches of six databases used keywords and MeSH terms related to children with neurodevelopmental disabilities, mental health problems, and longitudinal research. After the removal of duplicates, reviewers independently screened records for inclusion, extracted data (outcomes and influencing factors), and evaluated the risk of bias. Findings were tabulated and synthesized using graphs and a narrative. Searches identified 94,662 unique records, from which 49 publications were included. The median publication year was 2015. Children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder were the most commonly included population in retrieved studies. In almost 50% of studies, trajectories of mental health problems changed by < 10% between the first and last time point. Despite multiple studies reporting longitudinal trajectories of mental health problems, greater conceptual clarity and consideration of the measures included in research is needed, along with the inclusion of a more diverse range of populations of children with neurodevelopmental disabilities.
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| 3. |
- Johansson, Linda, 1978-, et al.
(författare)
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Erfarenheter och uppfattningar av tvång och begränsningar vid vård och omsorg av personer med kognitiv nedsättning i Jönköpings kommun
- 2023
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Tvång och begränsningar i vård och omsorg är inte tillåtet, men används trots detta ändå ibland vid vård av personer med kognitiv nedsättning. I många fall med goda intentioner. I Jönköping kommun har olika utbildningsinsatser gjorts för att arbeta mot den nollvision som finns på nationell nivå. Ett samverkansprojekt mellan Jönköping kommun och Jönköping University startades upp för att få en tydligare bild av fortsatta utbildningsbehov. Syftet med studien var att kartlägga personals erfarenheter och uppfattningar om användandet av tvång och begränsningar inom kommunal vård och omsorg av personer med demenssjukdom. Totalt fjorton fokusgruppsintervjuer med vård- och omsorgspersonal som mötte personer med demenssjukdom inom ordinärt eller särskilt boende genomfördes och ligger till grund för studien. Materialet analyserades med tematisk analys och visa ratt användandet av tvång och begränsningar var relaterat till både relationella aspekter och det direkta mötet såväl som till strukturella och organisatoriska aspekter. Skillnader bland vård- och omsorgspersonalens kunskap och arbete med tvång och begränsningar skilde sig åt beroende på var i organisationen de arbetade. Vård- och omsorgspersonal har ofta förmåga att själva hitta alternativa lösningar och på så vis undvika tvång och begränsningar, men för att öka kunskapen ytterligare behövs ökade möjlighet att reflektera med kollegorna i det dagliga arbetet.
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| 4. |
- Karlsson, Lina, et al.
(författare)
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Neonatal Resuscitation : A Critical Incident Technique Study Exploring Pediatric Registered Nurses' Experiences and Actions
- 2023
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Ingår i: Advances in Neonatal Care. - : Wolters Kluwer. - 1536-0903 .- 1536-0911. ; 23:3, s. 220-228
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BACKGROUND: Teamwork during neonatal resuscitation is essential. Situations arise quickly and unexpectedly and are highly stressful, requiring pediatric registered nurses (pRN) to respond effectively and in a structured manner. In Sweden, pRNs work in all pediatric settings including the neonatal intensive care unit. The experience and actions of pRNs are seldom explored, and studies within this area could develop and improve strategies for neonatal resuscitation situations.PURPOSE: To describe pRNs' experiences and actions during neonatal resuscitation.METHODS: A qualitative interview study based on the critical incident technique was performed. Sixteen pRNs from 4 neonatal intensive care units in Sweden were interviewed.RESULTS: Critical situations were divided into 306 experiences and 271 actions. pRNs' experiences were divided into 2 categories: individual- and team-focused experiences. Critical situations were managed by individual- or team-focused actions.Experiences revealed were variation of alarms, psychological impact, parental presence, structured working methods, the team's interactions, professional experience and resource availability, and the impact of the environment. Actions revealed were being prepared, managing the psychological impact, adopting a professional attitude toward parents, working in a structured way, and competence/resource reinforcement.IMPLICATIONS FOR PRACTICE: Developing a structured role distribution within the neonatal resuscitation program and ensuring clear communication in the team during simulation training and in intense situations can increase pRNs' feeling of safety and allow them to further develop their professional role in neonatal resuscitation situations.
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| 5. |
- Ler, Peggy, et al.
(författare)
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Independent and joint effects of body mass index and metabolic health in mid- and late-life on all-cause mortality : a cohort study from the Swedish Twin Registry with a mean follow-up of 13 Years
- 2022
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Ingår i: BMC Public Health. - : Springer. - 1471-2458. ; 22:1
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BACKGROUND: There is robust evidence that in midlife, higher body mass index (BMI) and metabolic syndrome (MetS), which often co-exist, are associated with increased mortality risk. However, late-life findings are inconclusive, and few studies have examined how metabolic health status (MHS) affects the BMI-mortality association in different age categories. We, therefore, aimed to investigate how mid- and late-life BMI and MHS interact to affect the risk of mortality. METHODS: This cohort study included 12,467 participants from the Swedish Twin Registry, with height, weight, and MHS measures from 1958-2008 and mortality data linked through 2020. We applied Cox proportional hazard regression with age as a timescale to examine how BMI categories (normal weight, overweight, obesity) and MHS (identification of MetS determined by presence/absence of hypertension, hyperglycemia, low HDL, hypertriglyceridemia), independently and in interaction, are associated with the risk of all-cause mortality. Models were adjusted for sex, education, smoking, and cardiovascular disease. RESULTS: The midlife group included 6,252 participants with a mean age of 59.6 years (range = 44.9-65.0) and 44.1% women. The late-life group included 6,215 participants with mean age 73.1 years (65.1-95.3) and 46.6% women. In independent effect models, metabolically unhealthy status in midlife increased mortality risks by 31% [hazard ratio 1.31; 95% confidence interval 1.12-1.53] and in late-life, by 18% (1.18;1.10-1.26) relative to metabolically healthy individuals. Midlife obesity increased the mortality risks by 30% (1.30;1.06-1.60) and late-life obesity by 15% (1.15; 1.04-1.27) relative to normal weight. In joint models, the BMI estimates were attenuated while those of MHS were less affected. Models including BMI-MHS categories revealed that, compared to metabolically healthy normal weight, the metabolically unhealthy obesity group had increased mortality risks by 53% (1.53;1.19-1.96) in midlife, and across all BMI categories in late-life (normal weight 1.12; 1.01-1.25, overweight 1.10;1.01-1.21, obesity 1.31;1.15-1.49). Mortality risk was decreased by 9% (0.91; 0.83-0.99) among those with metabolically healthy overweight in late-life. CONCLUSIONS: MHS strongly influenced the BMI-mortality association, such that individuals who were metabolically healthy with overweight or obesity in mid- or late-life did not carry excess risks of mortality. Being metabolically unhealthy had a higher risk of mortality independent of their BMI.
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| 6. |
- Lopes De Oliveira, Thaís, et al.
(författare)
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Effects from medications on functional biomarkers of aging in three longitudinal studies of aging in Sweden
- 2024
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Ingår i: Aging Cell. - : John Wiley & Sons. - 1474-9718 .- 1474-9726. ; 23:6
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Antihypertensive, lipid-lowering, and blood glucose-lowering drugs have slowed down the aging process in animal models. In humans, studies are limited, have short follow-up times, and show mixed results. Therefore, this study aimed to estimate the effects of commonly used medications on functional aging, cognitive function, and frailty. We included information on individuals from three Swedish longitudinal population-based studies collected between 1986 and 2014. Our exposures were the 21 most used groups of medications among individuals aged 65 years and older in the Swedish population in 2022. Functional aging index (n = 1191), cognitive function (n = 1094), and frailty index (n = 1361) were the outcomes of interest. To estimate the medication effects, we used a self-controlled analysis, where each individual is his/her own control, thereby adjusting for all time-stable confounders. The analysis was additionally adjusted for time-varying confounders (chronological age, Charlson Comorbidity Index, smoking, body mass index, and the number of drugs). The participants were 65.5-82.8 years at the first in-person assessment. Adrenergics/inhalants (effect size = 0.089) and lipid-modifying agents/plain (effect size = 0.082) were associated with higher values of cognitive function (improvement), and selective calcium channel blockers with mainly vascular effects (effect size = -0.129) were associated with lower values of the functional aging index (improvement). No beneficial effects were found on the frailty index. Adrenergics/inhalants, lipid-modifying agents/plain, and selective calcium channel blockers with mainly vascular effects may benefit functional biomarkers of aging. More research is needed to investigate their clinical value in preventing adverse aging outcomes.
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| 7. |
- Nordén, Anna, et al.
(författare)
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Vem äger företagen? : En kartläggning av kvinnors ägande av svenska företag
- 2023
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Från inledningen: I den här rapporten tar vi ett unikt grepp kring kvinnors och mäns ägande av företag i Sverige. Att äga ett företag ger ägaren makt över företaget. Det skapar förutsättningar att ta beslut som är anpassade till dem själva. Att äga ett företag ger också en möjlighet att ta ut inkomst för näringsverksamhet eller utdelning. Vilket innebär skattemässiga fördelar.Den genomsnittliga kvinnan som kan och vill äga företag ska ha samma förutsättningar att göra det som den genomsnittliga mannen. Så är det inte idag. De ojämlikheter som finns i ägandet tyder på strukturella hinder som kan kopplas till flera faktorer som uppväxt, utbildning, nätverk, diskriminering och tillgångtill kapital.Sett från ett bredare perspektiv handlar ägande om att skapa förutsättningar för ett bättre samhälle. Ett diversifierat ägande av företag gör det enklare att skapa produkter och tjänster för alla. Det handlar om att öka förmågan att lösa komplexa problem och att skapa nya innovationer.I denna rapport studerar vi ägande av företag och jämför framförallt kvinnor och män. Vi utökar analysen för att försöka fånga en del av den heterogenitet som finns inom dessa grupper och tittar på ålder samt om företagsägaren eller hens föräldrar är födda i Sverige eller inte.
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| 8. |
- Sjödin, Linda, et al.
(författare)
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Do vehicle grants and vehicle adaptations grants promote transport mobility and community access for children with disabilities in Sweden?
- 2012
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Ingår i: Australian Occupational Therapy Journal. - : Wiley-Blackwell. - 0045-0766 .- 1440-1630. ; 59:1, s. 10-16
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background/aim: A vast majority of the journeys made by children with disabilities in Sweden are in the family car, which usually is bought and adapted for the child with governmental subsidies. Despite the important philosophical views about accessible vehicles, little is known about the impact of vehicle adaptations on families lives. The aim of the study was to investigate parent views about the impact of vehicle grants and vehicle adaptation grants on their childrens transport mobility and community access. less thanbrgreater than less thanbrgreater thanMethods: In total, 434 parents of children with disabilities in Sweden who had received vehicle grants and/or vehicle adaptation grants between 1998-2007 responded to a questionnaire comprising questions with both preselected and open-ended answers. A non-responder analysis was performed. less thanbrgreater than less thanbrgreater thanResults: Children with disabilities were found to increase their transport mobility and community access in society as vehicle grants and / or vehicle adaptation grants were given to their parents. Their travel patterns and their travel priorities with their family car indicated that family friends and relatives and leisure activities were frequently visited and prioritised destinations. The grants were linked to access to social and family activities, provided environmental gains and led to increased experienced security. The results also showed that the potential to make spontaneous trips had increased substantially and that families experienced feelings of freedom and enhanced community access. The non-responder analysis confirmed these results. less thanbrgreater than less thanbrgreater thanConclusions: According to parents, vehicle grants and vehicle adaptation grants for children with disabilities have a positive impact on the childrens transport mobility and community access.
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| 9. |
- Öberg, Sandra, 1974-
(författare)
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The Hit-IT project : The development and evaluation of an internet-based complex intervention for primary healthcare patients with cardiovascular disease and insomnia
- 2022
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- There is a need to explore insomnia among patients with cardiovascular disease (CVD), since they have increased risk for disease deterioration, poor quality of life and a shorter lifetime expectancy. Cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) is the main recommended insomnia treatment, although it is a rare treatment choice in the healthcare due to lack of certified CBT therapists.The aim of the thesis was therefore to investigate a nurse-led internet-based CBT for insomnia (I-CBTI) tailored for patients with CVD, that includes qualitative and quantitative measures to explore the patients’ characteristics and treatment motive, insomnia experience, treatment effect, adherence and the usability of a complex intervention called the Hit-IT program.The first paper had a mixed study design to investigate the participants (n=126) sleep, physical and psychological characteristics in relation to insomnia via baseline questionnaires, as well as interviews (n=19) covering their motivation and expectations when participating in the Hit-IT treatment study. The second paper was a qualitative study using a Critical incident technique, to capture the experience of the participants (n=20) with CVD and insomnia sleep situation, and determine how they managed their insomnia. The third paper included 48 participants who were randomised to test the nine-week nurse-led I-CBTI treatment, tailored for patients with CVD or a three-week of self-studies (control group) without support. Paper four was a qualitative study to explore the experience and management of the Hit-IT program.The thesis findings showed that the participants were primarily male participants of older age, and that insomnia symptoms were significantly associated with worse somatic symptom severity, reduced physical quality of life, increased levels of depressive symptoms and cardiac anxiety. The participants were motivated to engage in the Hit-IT study, but were concerned the comorbid condition would be a hindering factor for the required behavioral change if randomized to the nine-week Hit-IT program. The participants also experience physical and cognitive insomnia triggers caused by cardiac symptoms at night. However, the participants in the Hit-IT program group significantly improved their insomnia symptoms compared to the three-week self-study control group. Also, the participants adherent to the Hit-IT program significantly increased their physical quality of life compared to those not adherent to treatment. Moreover, the results showed that the participants had trust in the Hit-IT program and experienced the intervention as very interesting yet challenging. The major treatment adherence facilitator was to experience improved sleep during the course of treatment.The thesis findings conclude that nurses have the skills to deliver a nurse-led I-CBTI treatment, tailored for patients’ with CVD with a sleep improvement outcome. The findings also confirm that primary healthcare patients of older age living with CVD and insomnia, are interested in and able to use internet-based complex interventions to improve their sleep.
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