| 1. |
- Almstedt, Åsa, 1977-, et al.
(författare)
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Beyond Post-productivism : From Rural Policy Discource to Rural Diversity
- 2014
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Ingår i: European Countryside. - Berlin : Walter de Gruyter GmbH. - 1803-8417. ; 6:4, s. 297-306
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- There has been a strong discourse in public policy aimed at transforming rural places from venues of primary production into truly diverse socioeconomic landscapes. Yet conceptualisations of the rural as envisioned in the policy and politics of the ‘new economy’ often prove to be elusive on the ground. However, post-productive activity in rural areas has become a major focus for rural studies scholars. This paper investigates the ideas of post-productivism in the existing literature, and argues for a holistic understanding of post-productivism as an idea and political ambition rather than an imperative and irreversible change of rural economic activity. The purpose of the study is to make clear the division between post-productivism and the related concepts of post-production and post-productive activities in order to better understand processes of rural change in relation to different geographical contexts. It is argued that post-productivism as a concept stands apart from de facto post-production and alternative concepts such as multifunctionality and should be regarded as part of broader regional development discourses. The paper outlines several important fields in which post-productivism is a necessary component for rural transformation and development. While it is not always easily captured in indicators or empirical studies in rural locations, post- productivism exists at the level of discourse and planning and thus has real effects on the ground. The paper concludes by offering suggestions on how to apply the concepts of post-productivism, post-production and multifunctionality in future studies.
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| 2. |
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| 3. |
- Brouder, Patrick, et al.
(författare)
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Hyper-production : a new metric of multifinctionality
- 2015
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Ingår i: European Countryside. - : Walter de Gruyter. - 1803-8417. ; 7:3, s. 134-143
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Multifunctionality has emerged as the dominant framework for understanding rural socioeconomic landscapes. The central claim of multifunctionality – that rural regions need to be understood as being made up of more than just traditional uses – has led to the incorporation of new rural activities into regional development plans, e.g., tourism. In some places, such post-productive activity is perceived to be slowly replacing productive uses of the land, e.g., agriculture/forestry. However, there is limited empirical evidence to support such claims. Drawing on previous research and data from the Swedish countryside this paper shows that, even as the number of persons employed within traditional activities decreases, the economic output per areal unit and per labour hour is increasing over time and traditional uses still occupy the majority of rural space. Hyper-production is introduced as a new metric for understanding multifunctional regions going forward. The complementary union of economic mainstays, such as agriculture, and newer activities with more quality-of-life benefits, such as tourism, is highlighted in terms of economic diversification, job creation and local social capital development, while the conflict-prone intersection of these two modes is also acknowledged. Understanding hyper-production as a key metric of multifunctionality is thus argued as integral to planning and developing resilient rural regions now and for the future.
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| 4. |
- Johansson, Roine, 1955-, et al.
(författare)
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At the external boundary of a disaster response operation : The dynamics of volunteer inclusion
- 2018
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Ingår i: Journal of Contingencies and Crisis Management. - : Wiley. - 0966-0879 .- 1468-5973. ; 26:4, s. 519-529
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In the present article, practices of inclusion of different types of volunteers in the response to a large-scale forest fire in Sweden are studied. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with three types of voluntary actors. The volunteers were organized to different degrees, from members of organizations and participants in emergent groups to organizationally unaffiliated individuals. Organized volunteers were the most easily included, particularly if they were members of voluntary emergency organizations. It was difficult for volunteers lacking relevant organizational affiliation to be included. Disaster response operations are dynamic, conditions change over time, and tensions between different modes, degrees, and levels of inclusion may arise. However, irrespective of changing conditions, practices of inclusion of highly organized volunteers work best.
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| 5. |
- Karlsson, Linda, et al.
(författare)
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A preprocessing approach to ROI Video Coding using Variable Gaussian Filters and Variance in Intensity
- 2005
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Ingår i: Proceedings Elmar - International Symposium Electronics in Marine. - Zagreb, Croatia : IEEE conference proceedings. - 9537044041 ; , s. 65-68
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- In applications involving video over mobile phones or Internet, the limited quality depending on the transmission rate can be further improved by region-of-interest (ROI) coding. In this paper we present a preprocessing method using variable Gaussian filters controlled by a quality map indicating the distance to the ROI border that seeks to smooth the border effects between ROI and non-ROI. According to subjective tests the reduction of border effects increases the percieved quality, compared to using only one low pass filter. It also introduces a small improvement of the PSNR of the intensity component within the ROI after compression. With the compressed original sequence as a reference, the average PSNR was increased by 1.25 dB and 2.3 dB for 100 kbit/s and 150 kbit/s, respectively. Furthermore, in order to reduce computational complexity, a modified quality map is introduced using variance in intensity to exclude pixels, which are not visibly affected by the Gaussian filters. No change in quality is noticed when using less than 76% of the pixels.
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| 6. |
- Karlsson, Linda, et al.
(författare)
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Improved ROI Video Coding using Variable Gaussian Pre-Filters and Variance in Intensity
- 2005
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Ingår i: IEEE International Conference on Image Processing 2005, ICIP 2005. - 0780391349 ; , s. 1817-1820
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- In applications involving video over mobile phones or Internet, the limited quality depending on the transmission rate can be further improved by region-of-interest (ROI) coding. In this paper we present a preprocessing method using variable Gaussian filters controlled by a quality map indicating the distance to the ROI border. The border effects are reduced introducing a small improvement of the PSNR of the intensity component within the ROI after compression, compared to using only one low pass filter. With the compressed original sequence as a reference, the average PSNR was increased by 1.25 dB and 2.3 dB for 100 kbit/s and 150 kbit/s, respectively. A modified quality map is introduced using variance to exclude pixels, which are not visibly affected by the Gaussian filters, reducing computational complexity. Using less than 76% of the pixels gives no noticeable change in quality.
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| 7. |
- Karlsson, Linda, 1976-, et al.
(författare)
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Multiview plus depth scalable coding in the depth domain
- 2009
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Ingår i: 3DTV-CON 2009 - 3rd 3DTV-Conference: The True Vision - Capture, Transmission and Display of 3D Video, Proceedings. - : IEEE conference proceedings. - 9781424443185 ; , s. 5069631-
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Three dimensional (3D) TV is a growing area that provides an extra dimension at the cost of spatial resolution. The multi-view plus depth representation provides a lower bit rate when it is encoded than multi-view and higher resolution than a 2D-plus-depth sequence. Scalable video coding provides adaption to the conditions at the receiver. In this paper we propose a scheme that combines scalability in both the view and depth domain. The center view data is preserved, whereas the data of the side views are extracted in layers depending on distance to the camera. This allows a decrease in bit rate of 16-39 % for the colour part of a 3-view MV depending number of pixels in the first enhancement layer if one layer is extracted. Each additional layer increases the visual quality and PSNR compared only using center view data.
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| 8. |
- Karlsson, Linda, et al.
(författare)
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Region-of-interest 3D video coding based on depth images
- 2008
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Ingår i: 2008 3DTV Conference - True Vision - Capture, Transmission and Display of 3D Video. - : IEEE conference proceedings. - 9781424417605 ; , s. 121-124
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Three dimensional (3D) TV is becoming a mature technology due to the progress within areas such as display and network technology among others. However, 3D video demands a higher bandwidth in order to transmit the information needed to render or directly display several different views at the receiver. The 2D plus depth representation requires less bit rate than most 3D video representations, although the necessary views have to be rendered at the receiver. In this paper we propose to combine the 2D plus depth representation with region-of-interest (ROI) video coding to ensure a higher quality at parts of the sequence that are of interest to the viewer. These include objects close to the viewer as well as faces. This allows either the bit rate to be reduced by 12-28 % or the quality within the ROI to be increased by 0.57 - 1.5 dB, when a fixed bit rate is applied.
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| 9. |
- Karlsson, Linda Sofia, 1976-, et al.
(författare)
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A Spatio-Temporal Filter for Region-of-Interest Video Coding
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Annan publikation (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Region of interest (ROI) video coding increases the quality in regions interesting to the viewer at the expense of quality in the background. This enables a high perceived quality at low bit rates. A successfully detected ROI can be used to control the bit-allocation in the encoding. In this paper we present a filter that is independent of codec and standard. It is applied in both the spatial and the temporal domains. The filter’s ability to reduce the number of bits necessary to encode the background is analyzed theoretically and where these bits are re-allocated. The computational complexity of the algorithms is also determined. The quality is evaluated using PSNR of the ROI and subjective tests. Test showed that the spatio-temporal filter has a better coding efficiency than using only spatial or only temporal filtering. The filter successfully re-allocates the bits from the background to the foreground.
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| 10. |
- Karlsson, Linda Sofia, 1976-
(författare)
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Coding for Improved Perceived Quality of 2D and 3D Video over Heterogeneous Networks
- 2010
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The rapid development of video applications for TV, the internet and mobile phones is being taken one step further in 2010 with the introduction of stereo 3D TV. The 3D experience can be further improved using multiple views in the visualization. The transmission of 2D and 3D video at a sufficiently perceived quality is a challenge considering the diversity in content, the resources of the network and the end-users.Two problems are addressed in this thesis. Firstly, how to improve the perceived quality for an application with a limited bit rate. Secondly, how to ensure the best perceived quality for all end-users in a heterogeneous network. A solution to the first problem is region-of-interest (ROI) video coding, which adapts the coding to provide a better quality in regions of interest to the viewer. A spatio-temporal filter is proposed to provide codec and standard independent ROI video coding. The filter reduces the number of bits necessary to encode the background and successfully re-allocate these bits to the ROI. The temporal part of the filter reduces the complexity compared to only using a spatial filter. Adaption to the requirements of the transmission channel is possible by controlling the standard deviation of the filter. The filter has also been successfully applied to 3D video in the form of 2D-plus-depth, where the depth data was used in the detection of the ROI. The second problem can be solved by providing a video sequence that has the best overall quality. Hence, the best quality for each part of the network and for each 2D and 3D visualization system over time. Scalable video coding enables the extraction of the parts of the data to adapt to the requirements of the network and the end-user. A scheme is proposed in this thesis that provides scalability in the depth and view domain of multi-view plus depth video. The data are divided into enhancement layers depending on the content’s distance to the camera. Schemes to divide the data into layers within a view and between adjacent views have been analyzed. The quality evaluation indicates that the position of the layers in depth as well as the number of layers should be determined by analyzing the depth distribution. The front-most layers in adjacent views should be given priority over the others unless the application requires a high quality of the center views.
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