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- Ludewig, Kristin, et al.
(författare)
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Phenology of Lupinus polyphyllus from Central to Northern Europe
- 2022
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Annan publikationabstract
- Plant phenology, i. e. the timing of life cycle events, is related to individual fitness and species distribution ranges. Among the environmental factors, phenology is mostly driven by temperature and day length. Rapid adaptation of their phenology may also be important for the success of invasive plant species. Our main aim was to understand how the performance, timing, and temperature dependence of the phenology of the invasive legume Lupinus polyphyllus varies with latitude. L. polyphyllus is one of the most frequent invasive species in Europe, and the gained information may help to make management more effective by adjustments to latitude and phenology.Methods:We quantified variation in phenology across a >2000 km latitudinal gradient from Central to Northern Europe. We sampled data of flowering and fruiting of L. polyphyllus using >1600 digital photos of inflorescences from 220 individual plants observed weekly at 22 locations. We calculated the accumulated growing degree days for each observation date at each site from the temperature data of the meteorological stations, which are listed in the metadata of the dataset.
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| 2. |
- Merabet, S., et al.
(författare)
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A structurally plastic extension of the homeodomain recognition helix orchestrates central Hox protein activity
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Annan publikation (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Protein function is encoded within the amino acid coding sequence and the variation in this sequence, and subsequent structure, provide the bases for functional diversification at the molecular and organismal levels. However, how separate protein domainscooperate to build protein activity remains largely unknown. Focusing on three domains of central Hox transcription factors, we mutagenized combinations of their domains to investigate their intrinsic functional organization. Our results demonstrate a high degree of domain interactivity, with an orchestrating role of a structurally plastic C-terminal extension of the homeodomain (HD). This domain provides, in a folding dependant manner, a topologically constrained contact with the Hox cofactor Extradenticle, which impacts the positioning of the recognition helix in the major groove of DNA. These findings provide novel insights in HD/DNA target recognition and, given the phylogeny of this C-terminal extension, also shed light on the molecular bases underlying the functional diversification of paralogous Hox families.
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| 6. |
- Karlsson, Christofer M. G., et al.
(författare)
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Different gene expression responses in two Baltic Sea heterotrophic model bacteria to dinoflagellate dissolved organic matter
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Annan publikation (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Phytoplankton release massive amounts of dissolved organic matter (DOM) into the water column during recurring blooms in coastal waters and inland seas. The released DOM includes dissolved organic carbon, nitrogen and phosphorus, in a complex mixture of both known and unknown compounds, and is a rich nutrient source for heterotrophic bacteria. The metabolic activity of heterotrophic bacteria during and after phytoplankton blooms can hence be expected to reflect the characteristics of the released DOM. With this in mind, we wanted to investigate if bacterioplankton could be used as “living sensors” of phytoplankton DOM quantity and quality, and to trace the flow of nutrients in the ecosystem. We used transcriptional activity from Baltic Sea bacterial isolates (Polaribacter sp. BAL334 (Flavobacteriia) and Brevundimonas sp. BAL450 (Alphaproteobacteria)) exposed to DOM derived from the dinoflagellate Prorocentrum minimum in exponential and stationary growth phases respectively. We observed strong responses both in terms of physiology – bacterial abundance – and the expressed metabolic pathways – e.g. Membrane Transport, Fatty Acids, Lipids and Isoprenoids – of the populations in samples exposed to dinoflagellate DOM compared with controls. Particularly striking was the increased expression of Ton and Tol transport systems, commonly associated with uptake of complex molecules, in both isolates. Equally important were the differences in metabolic responses between the two isolates, caused by differences in gene repertoire between them, emphasizing the importance of separating the responses of different taxa in analyses of community sequence data. Differences in response to DOM sourced from exponentially and stationary growing dinoflagellates were less pronounced, although not absent, than differences between the bacterial isolates. This suggests that shifts in metabolism during the different phases of a phytoplankton bloom might be detectable in individual bacterial populations. To conclude, our work opened a door to the future use of bacterioplankton as living sensors of environmental status, particularly with respect to phytoplankton blooms.
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| 7. |
- Karlsson, Christofer M. G., et al.
(författare)
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Metatranscriptomic analysis uncovers divergent responses of Baltic Sea bacteria to forest and agriculture river loadings
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Annan publikation (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Climate change is predicted to induce substantial changes in precipitation patterns across the globe. In Northern Europe, precipitation is expected to increase more than the global average (particularly in northern Scandinavia), causing increased river runoff. The Baltic Sea is one of the largest brackish environments on earth with a catchment area that spans 14 countries, encompassing primarily forested areas and agricultural landscapes. Despite the acknowledged role of marine bacteria in nutrient cycling, there is a lack of knowledge in their metabolic responses to inorganic and organic nutrient loading from riverine runoff. We investigated the bacterial growth and gene expression responses in a mesocosm experiment in which river water from boreal forest- (enriched in humic substances) or agriculture- influenced catchment areas were added to Baltic Sea Proper water. The riverine nutrient input triggered extensive phytoplankton blooms and bacterial growth, most notably in the agriculture river treatment. Interestingly, bacterial gene expression analysis (metatranscriptomics) showed similar responses to agriculture and humic river inputs at the start of the experiment (before the phytoplankton bloom), but expression patterns diverged significantly upon bloom senescence.Notably, transcripts associated with phosphate metabolism were significantly enriched , whereas transcripts related to nitrogen metabolism were significantly lower in the agriculture river treatment compared to the boreal forest river treatment. The opposite pattern was observed in the boreal forest river water treatment. Overall, our results showed that interactions between river nutrient loading and phytoplankton organic matter are important in regulating bacterial activities and responses at the molecular level. This suggests that bacterial transformations of organic matter and nutrient cycling in coastal waters and estuarine environments are sensitive to changes in precipitation patterns in a catchment area-dependent manner.
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