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- Bethlehem, RAI, et al.
(författare)
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Brain charts for the human lifespan
- 2022
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Ingår i: Nature. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1476-4687 .- 0028-0836. ; 604:7906, s. 525-
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Over the past few decades, neuroimaging has become a ubiquitous tool in basic research and clinical studies of the human brain. However, no reference standards currently exist to quantify individual differences in neuroimaging metrics over time, in contrast to growth charts for anthropometric traits such as height and weight1. Here we assemble an interactive open resource to benchmark brain morphology derived from any current or future sample of MRI data (http://www.brainchart.io/). With the goal of basing these reference charts on the largest and most inclusive dataset available, acknowledging limitations due to known biases of MRI studies relative to the diversity of the global population, we aggregated 123,984 MRI scans, across more than 100 primary studies, from 101,457 human participants between 115 days post-conception to 100 years of age. MRI metrics were quantified by centile scores, relative to non-linear trajectories2 of brain structural changes, and rates of change, over the lifespan. Brain charts identified previously unreported neurodevelopmental milestones3, showed high stability of individuals across longitudinal assessments, and demonstrated robustness to technical and methodological differences between primary studies. Centile scores showed increased heritability compared with non-centiled MRI phenotypes, and provided a standardized measure of atypical brain structure that revealed patterns of neuroanatomical variation across neurological and psychiatric disorders. In summary, brain charts are an essential step towards robust quantification of individual variation benchmarked to normative trajectories in multiple, commonly used neuroimaging phenotypes.
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- Ax, M., et al.
(författare)
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Regional lung ventilation in humans during hypergravity studied with quantitative SPECT
- 2013
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Ingår i: Respiratory Physiology & Neurobiology. - : Elsevier BV. - 1569-9048 .- 1878-1519. ; 189:3, s. 558-564
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Recently we challenged the view that arterial desaturation during hypergravity is caused by redistribution of blood flow to dependent lung regions by demonstrating a paradoxical redistribution of blood flow towards non-dependent regions. We have now quantified regional ventilation in 10 healthy supine volunteers at normal and three times normal gravity (1G and 3G). Regional ventilation was measured with Technegas (Tc-99m) and quantitative single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT). Hypergravity caused arterial desaturation, mean decrease 8%, p<0.05 vs. 1G. The ratio for mean ventilation per voxel for non-dependent and dependent lung regions was 0.81+/-0.12 during 1G and 1.63+/-0.35 during 3G (mean+/-SD), p<0.0001. Thus, regional ventilation was shifted from dependent to non-dependent regions. We suggest that arterial desaturation during hypergravity is caused by quantitatively different redistributions of blood flow and ventilation. To our knowledge, this is the first study presenting high-resolution measurements of regional ventilation in humans breathing normally during hypergravity.
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- Feifel, R., et al.
(författare)
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Generalization of the duration-time concept for interpreting high-resolution resonant photoemission spectra
- 2004
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Ingår i: Physical Review A. Atomic, Molecular, and Optical Physics. - 1050-2947 .- 1094-1622. ; 69:2, s. 022707-
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The duration-time concept, vastly successful for interpreting the frequency dependence of resonant radiative and nonradiative x-ray scattering spectra, is tested for fine-scale features that can be obtained with state of the art high-resolution spectroscopy. For that purpose resonant photoelectron (RPE) spectra of the first three outermost singly ionized valence states X (2)Sigma(g)(+), A (2)Pi(u), and B (2)Sigma(u)(+), are measured for selective excitations to different vibrational levels (up to n=13) of the N 1s-->pi(*) photoabsorption resonance in N-2 and for negative photon frequency detuning relative to the adiabatic 0-0 transition of this resonance. It is found that different parts of the RPE spectrum converge to the spectral profile of direct photoionization (fast scattering) for different detunings, and that the RPE profiles are asymmetrical as a function of frequency detuning. The observed asymmetry contradicts the picture based on the simplified notation of a common scattering duration time, but is shown to agree with the here elaborated concept of partial and mean duration times. Results of the measurements and the simulations show that the duration time of the scattering process varies for different final electronic and different final vibrational states. This owes to two physical reasons: one is the competition between the fast vertical and the slow resonant scattering channels and the other is the slowing down of the scattering process near the zeros of the real part of the scattering amplitude.
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