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- Strömberg, Helena, 1985, et al.
(författare)
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A future without drivers? Comparing users', urban planners' and developers' assumptions, hopes, and concerns about autonomous vehicles
- 2021
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Ingår i: European Transport Research Review. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1867-0717 .- 1866-8887. ; 13
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Aim: This study identifies and compares perceptions of autonomous vehicle (AV) implementation among three Swedish stakeholder groups: Future Users, Urban Planners, and Developers. Method: Semi-structured comparative focus groups were conducted separately with each of the three groups of stakeholders and the transcripts were analysed in broad themes using thematic analysis. Results: Assumptions, hopes, concerns, and direction of development were the main themes that emerged from the analysis. Assumptions included electrification of vehicles, changes in travel demand, and the need for regulations; Hopes included the idea that AVs will contribute to a more accessible and safer transport system; Concerns included overtrust in AV technology, a possible detrimental impact on the city in the form of congestion and higher demand for investments in infrastructure that could outcompete other modes of transport; and Direction of development and their own role, where the need for collaboration between stakeholders and implementation of AVs in connection with society’s needs were emphasised. Conclusions: AVs were seen to lead to both positive and negative consequences depending on implementation and the development of society. The study shows that dialogue between different stakeholders is lacking but it is desired for the inclusive implementation of AVs.
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| 4. |
- Aryana, Bijan, 1980, et al.
(författare)
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Designing the S in MaaS: Behind the scenes and beyond the screens
- 2022
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Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- There is a considerable number of academic as well as non-academic publications on different aspects of Mobility-as-a-Service (MaaS). Several studies, with a Stated Preference approach, have investigated e.g. who the potential users of MaaS may be, what modes should be offered and users’ willingness to pay. Other researchers have tried to describe the challenges associated with the development and implementation of MaaS including technical issues, legislation and regulation barriers, lack of appropriate business models, etc. There are also those few who report on results of MaaS pilots and how the service elements influenced the outcome. MaaS is not merely a digital application but a complex service, where several mobility service providers need to collaborate in order to offer a service which “… not only integrates a range of mobility services, both public and private, but also provides one-stop access to all services through a common interface.”. It is therefore surprising that design process per se, or the methodology used have not been the focus for research efforts. Purpose: This study explains a small-scale MaaS development project with the service design process in focus. What process was followed and why? What methods and tools were used? How were stakeholders involved? Etc. Methodology: The scope of study is a local business-to-business MaaS solution designed for employees at multiple organizations (B2B-E), all closely located in an urban area. The design and development of the service were studied from the beginning until final implementation over the course of two years. Data sources include semi-structured interviews with stakeholders, participatory observations of project meetings, and a series of stakeholder workshops reflecting on the MaaS design process. Findings:The results evidence the need for design guidelines for MaaS with a focus on the service aspect, i.e. the S in MaaS. When analysing the process, most stakeholders realized that important steps were missing or completed in the wrong order. Several general service design principles were not fully implemented, for example results show that not all interaction points in the customer journey were considered in the design (designing for these critical points requires alignment between digital and physical touchpoints; employees’ actual trips often differed from those which the service was intended for, and service ownership and allocation of stakeholders’ responsibilities were not altogether clear. The results highlight the wide range of responsibilities of the MaaS provider, such as maintaining MaaS physical and digital infrastructure, ensuring universal provision of information, and negotiating and coordinating regulations and policies between public and private bodies. Implications: To provide MaaS is beyond developing and administrating a mobile app or similar end-user digital touch points. It requires physical infrastructure, such as mobility hubs, unified information design of both physical and digital infrastructure, and understanding of multiple user groups , including (in the specific case) individuals as well as organizations. To do so, service design models and methods tailored for complex services are required. Such methods should address high level design challenges including service ownership, stakeholder responsibilities, and evolving business models.
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| 5. |
- Babapour Chafi, Maral, 1983, et al.
(författare)
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Activity Theory. A framework for understanding the interrelations between users and workplace design.
- 2021
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Ingår i: A Handbook of Theories on Designing Alignment Between People and the Office Environment. - London : Routledge.
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Bokkapitel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Activity theory (AT) is a conceptual framework for the study of human activity. From this theoretical perspective, an activity system is the primary unit of analysis and is broken into three analytical components: (i) the subject - the person, group or organisation being studied, (ii) the mediating tools by which the activity is carried out, and (iii) the object that the provides the meaning and purpose for which subjects engage in activities. As the concept of tool mediation is central to the theory, its application in workplace studies has enabled an understanding of the interaction between employees as users, their activities and workplaces as mediating tools. AT has been applied in workplace studies to examine the implications of relocating to flexible offices, offering a holistic and contextual method of discovery that has informed use(r)-centred workplace design. Qualitative and interpretative research is recommended for examining the components of activities and their interdependencies. To this end, contextual inquiries are recommended, with a triangulation of methods such as interviews, observations and walkthroughs to ensure a comprehensive understanding of activity systems. The chapter concludes with a step-by-step guide for conducting workplace studies, using AT as an analytical framework.
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| 6. |
- Babapour Chafi, Maral, 1983, et al.
(författare)
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Appropriation of an Activity-based Flexible Office in Daily Work
- 2018
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Ingår i: Nordic Journal of Working Life Studies. - 2245-0157. ; 8:S3, s. 71-94
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In recent years, there has been growing interest in collaborative consumption of office environments and thereby implementation of Activity-based Flexible Offices (A-FOs). Relocating to an A-FO introduces a desk-sharing policy as well as a multitude of new workspaces with different speech policies into the employee’s work context. This paper describes how employees appropriate desk-sharing and speech policies in an A-FO. The data were collected over a period of 6 months in a case organization by means of 18 shadowing sessions. The different ways in which employees appropriated the A-FO solution were (i) adopting, experimenting with, or rejecting the desk-sharing policy, and (ii) modes of interaction arising from spatial configuration and redefining speech policies. The discussion outlines the reasons behind appropriation or nonappropriation of the desk-sharing and emergent speech policies. The insights from this study provide support for organizations considering A-FOs to develop strategies for facilitating individuals’ work in these settings.
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- Bergh Alvergren, Victor, 1991, et al.
(författare)
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D17.2. Code of Practice for Efficient Eco-driving Support. Deliverable to the EBSF2 project
- 2018
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Based on an extensive literature survey and an analysis of the results from demonstrations of different Green Driving Assistance Systems in Barcelona, Lyon, Madrid, and San Sebastian, the deliverable formulates a Code of Practice for the design of Eco-Driving Assistance Systems. Code of practice here refers to the underlying basis of such systems, namely which information is to be taken into account, the principles for comparison and assessing driver’s performance, when information is presented (on-ride, during breaks, post-ride) and if the system should be complemented by eco-driving training or not.
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| 8. |
- Bergh Alvergren, Victor, 1991, et al.
(författare)
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D17.3. Eco-Driving Assistance. Guidelines for Ergonomic Design of Eco-Driving Assistance HMIs
- 2018
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Based on an extensive literature survey and an analysis of the results from EBSF_2 demonstrations of different Green Driving Assistance Systems in Barcelona, Lyon, Madrid, and San Sebastian, this deliverable proposes guidelines for the design of an eco-driving assistance system HMI. In addition to general HMI guidelines, to be applied to the design of all in-vehicle HMIs, the deliverable suggests design guidelines in relation to pre-drive, on-drive, ride-break, and post-ride HMIs, i.e. information presented in the HMI of a driver assistance system at different timeframes. The guidelines concern information content as well as the choice of information modality.
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| 9. |
- Bligård, Lars-Ola, 1976, et al.
(författare)
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Developers as Users: Exploring the Experiences of Using a New Theoretical Method for Usability Assessment
- 2017
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Ingår i: Advances in Human-Computer Interaction. - : Hindawi Limited. - 1687-5907 .- 1687-5893. ; 2017
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- There is a need for appropriate evaluation methods to efficiently identify and counteract usability issues early in the development process. The aim of this study was to investigate how product developers assessed a new theoretical method for identifying usability problems and use errors. Two cases where the method had been applied were selected and the users of the method in them were asked to fill in a questionnaire and were then interviewed about their experiences of using the method. Overall, the participants (students and professionals) found the methods useful and their outcome trustworthy. At the same time, the methods were assessed as difficult to learn and as cumbersome and tedious to use. Nevertheless, both students and professionals thought that the methods would be useful in future development work. Suggestions for further improvement included provision of further instructions, for example, on how to adapt the methods and development of an IT-support tool.
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