| 1. |
- Moberg, Christina, et al.
(författare)
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De unga gör helt rätt när de stämmer staten
- 2022
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Ingår i: Aftonbladet. - 1103-9000.
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Tidskriftsartikel (populärvet., debatt m.m.)abstract
- 1 620 forskare och lärare i forskarvärlden: Vi ställer oss bakom Auroras klimatkrav
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| 2. |
- Beijer, Elisabeth, et al.
(författare)
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Utvärderingsverkstäder i välfärdsverksamheter : studier av verkstädernas kvalitet och nytta
- 2011
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Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Med inspiration från aktionsforskningen har olika former av förändringsinriktad och deltagarbaserad forskning och utvecklingsarbete utvecklats, under beteckningar som forsknings- eller FoU-cirklar (Socialstyrelsen, 2002), participatorisk aktionsforskning (Participatory Action Research, PAR) (Holmer & Starrin, 1993), handlingsorienterat forskningssamarbete (Co-operative Inquiry) (Reason & Heron, 1986; Hummelvoll, 2006). Dessa olika arbetssätt förenas i en gemensam syn på hur kunskap kan utvecklas, spridas och användas: gemensamt och i samarbete, och inte utifrån ett ’top-down-perspektiv’. Utvärderingsverkstäder (i fortsättningen förkortat UV), som utgår från denna tradition, arrangeras av FoU-enheter inom välfärdsområdet, och/eller av högskola/universitet. I dessa verkstäder träffas en grupp deltagare tillsammans med utvärderingskunniga ledare från FoU-enheten/högskolan. Deltagarna genomför med stöd från ledarna och de övriga deltagarna utvärderingar, eller utvecklar system för utvärdering, på uppdrag av sina respektive organisationer.Syftet med detta paper är att redovisa och diskutera tio års erfarenheter från UV vid fyra FoU-enheter och en högskola i Mellansverige, ur deltagarnas och deras organisationers, samt ledarnas och de ansvariga enheternas/högskolans perspektiv.
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| 3. |
- Bäckman, Lars, et al.
(författare)
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Dopamine D(1) receptors and age differences in brain activation during working memory
- 2011
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Ingår i: Neurobiology of Aging. - Fayetteville, N.Y : Elsevier. - 0197-4580 .- 1558-1497. ; 32:10, s. 1849-1856
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In an fMRI study, 20 younger and 20 healthy older adults were scanned while performing a spatial working-memory task under two levels of load. On a separate occasion, the same subjects underwent PET measurements using the radioligand [(11)C] SCH23390 to determine dopamine D(1) receptor binding potential (BP) in caudate nucleus and dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC). The fMRI study revealed a significant load modulation of brain activity (higher load>lower load) in frontal and parietal regions for younger, but not older, adults. The PET measurements showed marked age-related reductions of D(1) BP in caudate and DLPFC. Statistical control of caudate and DLPFC D(1) binding eliminated the age-related reduction in load-dependent BOLD signal in left frontal cortex, and attenuated greatly the reduction in right frontal and left parietal cortex. These findings suggest that age-related alterations in dopaminergic neurotransmission may contribute to underrecruitment of task-relevant brain regions during working-memory performance in old age.
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| 4. |
- Karlsson, Sari, et al.
(författare)
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Modulation of striatal dopamine D1 binding by cognitive processing
- 2009
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Ingår i: NeuroImage. - : Elsevier. - 1053-8119 .- 1095-9572. ; 48:2, s. 398-404
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- There is strong evidence that dopamine (DA) is implicated in higher-order cognitive functioning, but it remains controversial whether D1 receptor binding can be modified by cognitive activity. We examined striatal D1 binding potential (BP) in 20 younger (22-30 years) and 20 older (65-75 years) persons who underwent two [(11)C] SCH 23390 PET measurements, one while resting and one while performing a cognitive task taxing inhibitory functioning. The younger persons showed significant task-related BP reductions in sensorimotor, limbic, and associative striatum during cognitive activity compared to rest. Older persons showed no reliable BP reductions in any striatal subregion. These findings demonstrate that D1 receptor binding can be modified by cognitive activity in younger persons, but also provide novel evidence for the notion that human aging is associated not only with lower DA receptor density but also with altered modifiability of the DA system.
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| 5. |
- Rieckmann, Anna, et al.
(författare)
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Dopamine D1 Receptor Associations within and between Dopaminergic Pathways in Younger and Elderly Adults : Links to Cognitive Performance
- 2011
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Ingår i: Cerebral Cortex. - Oxford : Oxford University Press. - 1047-3211 .- 1460-2199. ; 21:9, s. 2023-2032
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Age-related dopamine (DA) losses have been extensively demonstrated for the D2 receptor subtype. Comparatively little is known about adult age changes regarding D1 receptors. In this study, we demonstrate marked age-related D1 receptor losses in striatal, limbic, and cortical areas using positron emission tomography and the radioligand [11C]SCH23390 in humans. Interregional correlations of binding potential (BP) values were high for areas within DA pathways in younger and elderly adults alike. Furthermore, interregional correlations in D1 BP between DA pathways were uniformly high in younger adults, indicating that D1 receptor densities in striatal, limbic, and cortical areas are not regulated independently, despite dopaminergic innervation from different midbrain areas. For elderly adults, between-pathway correlations of D1 receptor densities were preserved only between mesolimbic and mesocortical areas, whereas striatal BPs were weakly related to those in limbic and neocortical regions. Importantly, weak between-pathway correlations in elderly adults were found only for the slower half of the sample when BP was estimated during a cognitive interference task. These results suggest that D1 receptor densities in different pathways are not regulated independently in younger adults, but segregate in older age, and that this segregation of D1 receptor systems may be related to age-related cognitive slowing.
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| 6. |
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| 7. |
- Roos, Magnus, 1976, et al.
(författare)
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Konsumtionsrapporten 2018 : Under ytan
- 2018
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- I Konsumtionsrapporten 2018 sammanfattas och analyseras hushållens privata konsumtion i Sverige under 2017. Rapporten består av två delar. I den första delen, ”Basfakta”, ges en helhetsbild av hushållens konsumtion som baseras på statistik från framförallt Statistiska centralbyrån (SCB), men även från andra myndigheter och forskningsinstitut (exempelvis Postnord, HUI-Research och SOM-institutet vid Göteborgs universitet). I den här delen analyseras hushållens konsumtion, detaljhandelns omsättning, svenska konsumtionstrender, välbefinnande och konsumtion. Den andra delen, fördjupningar, belyses några konsumtionsområden av särskilt intresse. I slutet presenteras detaljerad statistik i bilagor. Rapporten är publicerad av Centrum för konsumtionsvetenskap, Handelshögskolan vid Göteborgs universitet. Basfakta: Hushållens totala konsumtion uppgick till 1 978 miljarder kronor under 2017. Hushållen konsumerade 2,3 procent mer jämfört med 2016 och 22 procent mer jämfört med 2007. Mellan 2016 och 2017 ökade konsumtionen på alla områden, med undantag av alkohol och tobak. Priserna ökade med 1,8 procent mellan 2016 till 2017. Under perioden 2007 - 2017 har priserna ökat med 10,9 procent. Konsumtionsområden som ökat mest sedan 2016: Hushållens konsumtion i utlandet, 11,5 procent Utländsk konsumtion i Sverige, 7,8 procent Kommunikation, 6,7 procent Möbler, hushållsartiklar och underhåll, 3,9 procent Hotell, kaféer och restauranger, 2,9 procent Konsumtionsområden som ökat mest 2007-2017 Hushållens konsumtion i utlandet, 77 procent Utländsk konsumtion i Sverige, 70 procent Kommunikation, 49 procent Möbler, hushållsartiklar och underhåll, 40 procent Fritid, underhållning och kultur, 36 procent De tre fördjupningsdelarna i årets rapport handlar om digitalisering och konsumtion, mobilanvändning i butik, samt plastskräp och konsumtionsmönster
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| 8. |
- Lachmann, Florina, 1989, et al.
(författare)
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Marine Plastic Litter on Small Island Developing States (SIDS): Impacts and Measures
- 2017
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Plastic waste that ends up in the oceans as marine litter is a tangible and urgent environmental pressure reaching even the most remote parts of the global oceans. It impacts marine life from plankton to whales and turtles to albatrosses. Public awareness on how the modern lifestyle and the use of plastics in all sectors of society has influenced the marine ecosystems in the last decades is growing, and an emerging discourse about countermeasures of all types can be seen in policies enacted by authorities in national, regional, and international policy arenas. Different coastal areas have launched Regional Action Plans (RAP) on marine litter that provide structured measures that need to be taken and general advice adapted to the respective region. However, the scale of the problem is not only global in dimension, it also cuts across all sectors in society, and until the use of materials in society becomes sustainable, plastic waste will continues to flow into the seas. This report focuses on how marine plastic litter affects Small Island Developing States (SIDS) because these are considered to be more directly vulnerable to environmental changes, including marine litter, than other countries. This report was commissioned by the Swedish Agency for Marine and Water management and written by analysts at the Swedish Institute for the Marine Environment (affiliated with the University of Gothenburg, Lund University, and Chalmers University of Technology). In this report, it is documented how marine plastic litter reaches even the most remote parts of the oceans, such as some of the small island states, and how SIDS are especially vulnerable to environmental impacts such as climate change and marine litter. The origin and composition of marine plastic litter and its environmental and economic impacts are described. Finally, measures are discussed that can be launched to mitigate the problem, both from state agencies and private corporations. Here, measures from existing RAPs on marine litter are reviewed and examples of private initiatives are mentioned. Further, the corresponding legal framework is given and side effects of marine litter measures on the Sustainable Development Goals of the UN are debated.
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| 9. |
- Lachmann, Florina, et al.
(författare)
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Marine plastic litter on Small Island Developing States (SIDS): Impacts and measures.
- 2017
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- This report was commissioned by the Swedish Agency for Marine and Water management and written by analysts at the Swedish Institute for the Marine Environment (affiliated with the University of Gothenburg, Lund University, and Chalmers University of Technology). This report documents how marine plastic litter reaches even the most remote parts of the oceans with small island states, and how SIDS are especially vulnerable to its impact. The origin and composition of marine plastic litter and its impacts are described. Measures are discussed, both from state agencies and private corporations. Measures from existing RAPs on marine litter are reviewed and examples of private initiatives are mentioned. Also, the corresponding legal framework is given and side effects of marine litter measures on the Sustainable Development Goals of the UN are debated. THE VULNERABILITY OF SIDS SIDS are a set of island nations in the Caribbean Sea, the Pacific Ocean, the Atlantic, Indian Ocean, and the South China Sea. SIDS are exposed to disproportionate concentrations of plastic litter due to their location near the ocean gyres where marine litter accumulates and to often sub-performing waste management systems. ORIGINS AND COMPOSITION OF MARINE PLASTIC LITTER Because plastic make up most marine debris, the focus here is on plastic litter. Marine plastic litter washed ashore on SIDS originates from both distant countries overseas and the SIDS themselves. Buoyant plastic litter is globally distributed by ocean currents and is washed ashore on beach lines around the globe where it negatively impacts ecological and human systems. Plastics end up in the marine environment through leaks from the global value chains that run from the oil industry through various other industries to local retailers and consumers. A smaller but significant stream of plastic litter follows from the difficulties of many SIDS to establish and maintain efficient waste management systems. IMPACT OF PLASTIC LITTER ON ECOLOGICAL, SOCIAL, AND ECONOMIC VALUES Marine litter impacts the environment and organisms therein in various ways, including entanglement, ingestion, transfer of chemicals, or by otherwise altering habitats. The extent of the social and economic impact that plastic on countries is not currently well known. However, the dependence of SIDS on their natural resources through tourism and fisheries, make them economically vulnerable to plastic litter. MITIGATION AND REMEDIATION STRATEGIES For plastic that reaches SIDS, both remediation and mitigation, especially through waste management and recycling, become necessary. LEGAL AND POLITICAL FRAMEWORKS The legal framework for preventing and managing marine litter is present on all levels of governance. A declaration particularly relevant to marine litter on SIDS is the SAMOA Pathway, a declaration from the 3rd International Conference on Small Island Developing States in 2014 calling for measures to manage waste, including marine plastic litter. Multilateral agreements require party states to take actions, but these requirements are often generally formulated, and their achievements depend on the choices and participation of all parties. POLICY MEASURES PROPOSED BY REGIONAL ACTION PLANS There are 18 Regional Seas programmes under the United Nations Environmental Program for the protection of the marine environment. Some Regional Seas programmes have written strategies to guide their actions, the RAPs, i.e. a political agenda for marine litter management agreed on by member governments of the region. The contents of different RAPs show strong similarities. The analyses conducted here show that most measures suggested by RAPs are aimed at downstream processes, while fewer address the problem upstream. Additional measures are needed to solve such a global problem. VOLUNTARY AND COMMERCIAL INITIATIVES Marine litter requires an array of actions from local to global level, and is thus a matter of governance. Most measures suggested in RAPs and other work against marine litter involve government managers as well as businesses, NGOs, and voluntary initiatives. RECOMMENDATION: FUTURE COOPERATION Competence and enthusiasm for the issue on SIDS and elsewhere is growing, but more is needed. Solutions require international cooperation. Four recommendations for cooperation are highlighted here: 1. Prevent litter from entering the ocean and thus reaching SIDS: Support cooperation in regional and international agreements 2. Plastic material reaching SIDS should not be released into the environment: Technical cooperation and support for local waste management 3. If waste reaches the environment, collect it where appropriate: Support beach clean-up campaigns and other remediation measures 4. When waste has been collected, ensure that is has a value: Develop recycling markets and opportunities
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| 10. |
- Alexanderson, Karin, 1952-, et al.
(författare)
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Supporting user involvement in child welfare work : a way of implementing evidence-based practice
- 2014
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Ingår i: Evidence & Policy. - Policy Press : Policy Press. - 1744-2648 .- 1744-2656. ; 10:4, s. 541-554
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The articel describes and analyses some preliminary working methods for user involvement in child welfare. The models are based on the results of a national project in Sweden where children and young peple have been involved as informants. How experiences and viewpoints from children and young people can be a source of knowledge in child welfare organisatiions is one of the main questions. The performance and the results of the project are analysed in relaton to a theoretical macro-oriented model created to illustrate the need for different kinds of knowledge in supporting the implementation of an evidence-based practice.
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