| 1. |
- Ek, Staffan, et al.
(författare)
-
Relative Age Effect of Sport Academy Adolescents, a Physiological Evaluation
- 2020
-
Ingår i: Sports. - Basel : MDPI. - 2075-4663. ; 8:1
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The relationship between birth quarter distribution and physiological characteristics related to athletic skills, in adolescent sport academy students has not been fully investigated. In a cross-sectional study, we recruited 86 boys and 52 girls aged 12-14 years during their first term at a sport academy school. We measured body size, cardiac size, pulmonary function, body composition, lower body power, cardiorespiratory fitness parameters, and running endurance by standard methods and analyzed these estimates in relation to birth quarter by ANOVA. Birth quarter distribution in our cohort was compared with birth quarter distribution in the same ages in the whole of Sweden and analyzed by logistic regression. The academy had an overrepresentation of students born in the first quartile of the year compared to those born in the last quartile (odds ratio 2.3 (95% CI: 1.1-4.7)). When comparing the physiological characteristics between birth quarters, uniformity is prominent since out of 26 performed physiological and anthropometric tests only four showed statistically significant group differences. We thus believe that the selection process to the sport academy favours athletes with higher chronological age, i.e., a so-called relative age effect is present. © 2020 MDPI (Basel, Switzerland).
|
|
| 2. |
- Fernemark, Hanna, et al.
(författare)
-
Primary healthcare in the aftermath of the COVID-19 pandemic : a qualitative interview study in Sweden
- 2024
-
Ingår i: BMJ Open. - London : BMJ Books. - 2044-6055. ; 14:7
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Objective: To explore how primary healthcare workers in Sweden experienced and perceived the long-term impact of the pandemic on their work. Design: This is a descriptive qualitative study with individual semistructured interviews conducted 2 years after the onset of COVID-19. Data were analysed using an inductive thematic approach. Setting: Swedish primary healthcare units in rural and urban locations. Participants 29 healthcare providers (6 registered nurses, 7 assistant nurses, 8 physicians and 8 managers) in Swedish primary healthcare. Results: Data analysis yielded three overarching themes: (1) primary healthcare still affected by the pandemic; (2) primary healthcare changes made permanent; and (3) lessons learnt for handling future crises affecting primary healthcare. The participants experienced a high workload, even after the pandemic, and concluded that it would take years to catch up both mentally and workwise. Four lessons were learnt for future handling of crises that might affect primary healthcare: the importance of creating a cohesive primary healthcare management system to provide clarity regarding recommendations for how primary healthcare personnel should work, the need for management support at all levels, restricting and adapting the flow of information for primary healthcare and ascertaining the necessary resources if primary healthcare is to take on additional tasks. Conclusion: Two years after the onset of the COVID-19 pandemic, primary healthcare workers in Sweden experienced that their work was still affected by the pandemic. Our findings highlight the importance of ensuring sufficient recovery time and providing opportunities for reflection on the experiences of primary healthcare personnel. This also includes preparedness for managing the heavy workload and strained energy levels of healthcare workers in the aftermath of a crisis. © Author(s) (or their employer(s)) 2024.
|
|
| 3. |
- Höglund, Linda, 1974-, et al.
(författare)
-
Energy level scheme of InAs/InxGa1-xAs/GaAs quantum-dots-in-a-well infrared photodetector structures
- 2010
-
Ingår i: Physical Review B. Condensed Matter and Materials Physics. - Woodbury, NY : American Physical Society. - 1098-0121 .- 1550-235X. ; 82:3, s. 035314-
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- A thorough investigation of quantum-dots-in-a-well structures for infrared photodetector applications has been performed employing different experimental techniques. The electronic structure of self-assembled InAs quantum dots embedded in an In0.15Ga0.85As/GaAs quantum well (QW) was deduced from photoluminescence (PL) and PL excitation (PLE) spectroscopy. From polarization-dependent PL it was revealed that the quantum dots hold two electron energy levels and two heavy-hole levels. Tunnel capacitance spectroscopy confirmed an electron energy level separation of about 50 meV, and additionally, that the conduction-band ground state and excited state of the dots are twofold and fourfold degenerates, respectively. Intersubband photocurrent spectroscopy, combined with simultaneous interband pumping of the dots, revealed a dominant transition at 150 meV (8.5 mu m) between the ground state of the quantum dots and the excited state of the QW. Results from detailed full three-dimensional calculations of the electronic structure, including effects of composition intermixing and interdot interactions, confirm the experimentally unravelled energy level scheme of the dots and well.
|
|
| 4. |
- Karlsson, Göran, 1954-
(författare)
-
Instructional technologies in science education : Students’ scientific reasoning in collaborative classroom activities
- 2012
-
Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- This study originates from an interest in how students interpret scientific concepts demonstrated with animated instructional technologies. Currently, science education makes use of diverse kinds of instructional methods. For the advancement of instruction, new technologies have continuously been employed. Such new instructional technologies have always been accompanied with expectations that they should reform teaching. The availability of IT in schools and the selection of animated displays for instructional purposes provide new opportunities for education. This thesis accounts for three empirical studies of students’ collaborative work with instructional technologies. For the purpose of studying students’ scientific reasoning, two kinds of animated instructional technologies were designed. The three studies focused on designing and exploring the whole educational intervention and are located in the area of design-based research. They provide detailed analyses of secondary school students’ collaboration on an assignment of giving a joint written account of the instructed concept. Analytically, this is done within a socio-cultural framework that uses interaction analysis inspired by ideas from conversation analysis and ethnomethodology. Study I and Study II report observations from instructional technologies that deal with the flow of materials in the carbon cycle. The two studies were connected, as the outcomes from the first study informed the educational framing of the second study. Study III reports findings from a sub-study of a design experiment where students worked in a virtual laboratory to learn about the solubility of gas in water. The results from the studies show that students’ reasoning was influenced by several aspects, such as the characteristics of the animated display, language use, school cultural norms, the formulation of the assignment and the students’ pre-knowledge. The analyses also evinced that the students’ interpretation of a demonstrated concept often diverted from a canonical scientific one, which warns against assuming that the collaborative meaning-making of animated instructional technologies automatically leads to a creation of the desired scientific concept. These findings emphasise that when designing and applying animated instructional technologies in education, one has to consider a wider context where assignment formulation, teacher guidance, school culture and semiotic processes influence how students approach and frame their assignment.
|
|
| 5. |
- Karlsson, Jan, 1959-, et al.
(författare)
-
Academics’ strategies and obstacles in achieving collaboration between universities and SMEs
- 2007
-
Ingår i: Tertiary Education and Management. - Philadelphia : Routledge. - 1358-3883 .- 1573-1936. ; 13:3, s. 187-201
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- There is an ongoing debate both in the United States and Europe about the need to develop a broader view of scholarship and the different activities connected with it, including 'service to the community'. This empirical study reveals that researchers who are engaged in collaboration with small and medium enterprises (SMEs) encounter many hindrances within the academic structure and obstacles due cultural differences that needs to be overcome. But it is also evident that they are creative and learn different strategies in accomplishing their goals and they also bring back useful experiences and knowledge from their cooperation into their research and teaching within the academic organization. We suggest that attention should be paid to the broader and more elaborate view of collaborative knowledge production that we present in the article if university structures are to provide better support for their academic staff to interact profitably with the community, and thereby create a 'win-win situation' for everyone involved.
|
|
| 6. |
- Karlsson, Jan, 1959-
(författare)
-
Learning in Collaboration : Academics’ experiences in collaborative partnerships
- 2008
-
Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- There is an ongoing debate both in the United States and Europe about the need to develop a broader view of scholarship and the different activities connected with it, including “service to the community”. In Sweden, service takes the form of practice-oriented engagement and collaboration with the surrounding community, as stipulated by Swedish law regulating universities’ activities. Collaboration is frequently perceived as a supplementary task, in addition to education and research, hence the name ‘the third task’. Many academics, university teachers and researchers, are today involved in different collaborative partnerships. This thesis focuses academics’ learning in two different contexts: collaboration with small and medium enterprises (SMEs) and in a multidisciplinary research programme at the National Institute for Working Life in Sweden (NIWL). The results of the first investigation reveal that the academics learn different strategies to instigate, accomplish, deepen and further develop collaboration between universities and SMEs. The results also show also that academic professionals engaged in this type of activity need to handle the rigid structures of the academic organisation, which neither encourage nor reward these individuals’ efforts to collaborate. However, this study shows that although academics and practioners from SMEs come from different working cultures with their various traditions associated with language and interaction, a continuous exchange and dialogue creates trust and competence for all parties, as well as learning in the form of new knowledge that is useful for both the academia and SMEs. Collaboration across disciplines is rapidly becoming an integral feature of research, due to the desire to explore problems and questions that are not confined to a single discipline and the need to solve societal problems. The second empirical investigation focuses on the workplace learning of researchers in a multidisciplinary research (MDR) programme at the National Institute for Working Life in Sweden (NIWL), and their collaboration with practitioners. The results show that academics in this multidisciplinary context reach a deepened awareness of the perspectives of their own and others’ fields of research, as well as a heightened curiosity to learn more. The learning also involves gaining new insights about their own learning and how this takes place; its impact on their own professional development, and discovering, sometimes surprisingly, how their competence can be used in new areas of research. The interaction of knowledge and experience with researchers of different disciplines and practitioners creates a context that demands a different type of learning for the academics, compared to working in their own disciplines. Both investigations give an understanding of how academics experience their learning in collaboration with practitioners and researchers from different disciplines. It shows how the holistic integration of knowledge deriving from the academic functions of collaboration, teaching and research contributes to development within the academia and in working environments outside it.
|
|
| 7. |
- Karlsson, Jan, 1959-, et al.
(författare)
-
Reaching beyond disciplines through collaboration : Academics' learning in a national multidisciplinary research programme
- 2008
-
Ingår i: Journal of Workplace Learning. - Bingley : Emerald Group Publishing Limited. - 1366-5626 .- 1758-7859. ; 20:2, s. 98-113
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Purpose - The purpose of this paper is to analyse and describe the learning that takes place in the interaction between academics from different disciplines and perspectives in collaboration with practitioners.Design/methodology/approach - The research draws on theories of learning that view it in relation to context, where the most significant features of the learning process concern discerning new aspects of a phenomenon. The study focuses on the workplace learning of researchers in a multidisciplinary programme at the National Institute for Working Life in Sweden (NIWL). Data was collected from semi-structured interviews. In the analysis the learning experienced was discerned by identifying how the participants spoke of developing and changing in their work as researchers.Findings - The investigation identified five categories of learning of the academics in the multidisciplinary research programme, namely: deepened awareness of perspectives and concepts; practical development; new awareness of one's competences and professional learning process; flexible professionalism and practical usefulness; insights into research and development processes.Practical implications - The study contributes to an increased understanding of how knowledge production and academics' workplace learning is constituted in multidisciplinary contexts and research programmes involving practitioners from outside academia.Originality/value - In organising and supporting learning and knowledge exchange in inter- or multidisciplinary research programmes with (or without) practitioners, it is essential to be aware of the importance of relational and contextual implications for academics' learning processes.
|
|
| 8. |
-
Knowledge spillovers and knowledge management
- 2004
-
Samlingsverk (redaktörskap) (populärvet., debatt m.m.)abstract
- In an increasingly connected global marketplace, knowledge transfer occurs through both intra- and interorganizatioiial knowledge networks. The authors of this new collection of essays argue that while managing the internal knowledge base is a crucial factor hi a company's competitiveness, it's also important to recognize that most of the knowledge used by the majority of companies is developed externally. In this context, they discuss the function and impact of "knowledge spillovers," which occur when organizations are working on similar tilings and, because knowledge cannot be entirely contained, are benefiting from each other's research. The authors pay particular attention to the role that location plays in a company's ability to access knowledge.Concluding that "there are strong reasons to believe that spillover effects are geographically bounded," they propose that "it may often be of strategic importance to companies and their competitiveness to be represented hi the 'right' industrial clusters."The book's 17 chapters, whose authors represent an impressively international list of universities and research institutes, are divided into three sections, the first of which discusses knowledge spillovers, the second, issues tied to regional innovation systems, and the third, new thinking hi KM related to geography, emerging technologies and information logistics.WMe the authors offer this book both as "a base for future research and as a source of ideas for companies that need to develop their knowledge management strategies and policy-makers interested in formulating more efficient regional innovation policies," the tone and theoretical density of the material is clearly aimed more toward academics and researchers than those looking for practical advice.
|
|
| 9. |
- Martens, Mireille, et al.
(författare)
-
The greenhouse gas emission effects of rewetting drained peatlands and growing wetland plants for biogas fuel production
- 2021
-
Ingår i: Journal of Environmental Management. - Amsterdam : Elsevier. - 0301-4797 .- 1095-8630. ; 277
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Efforts to mitigate greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions are receiving increased attention among governmental and commercial actors. In recent years, the interest in paludiculture, i.e. the use of rewetted peatlands, has grown because of its potential to reduce GHG emissions by stopping soil decomposition. Moreover, cultivating wetland plants on rewetted peatlands for bioenergy production that replaces fossil fuels in the transport sector, can contribute to additional GHG emission reductions. In this study, an analysis of literature data was conducted to obtain data on GHG emissions (CO2 and CH4) and biomass production from rewetted peatlands cultivated with two different wetland plant species: Phragmites australis (Pa) and Typha latifolia (Tl). In addition, a biogas experiment was carried out to investigate the biomethane yield of Pa and Tl biomass, and the reduction of global warming potential (GWP) by using biomethane as vehicle fuel. The results show that peatland rewetting can be an important measure to mitigate the GWP as it reduces GHG emissions from the soil, particularly on a 100-year timescale but also to some extent on a 20-year timescale. More specifically, rewetting of 1 km2 of peatland can result in a GWP reduction corresponding to the emissions from ±2600 average sized petrol cars annually. Growing Pa on rewetted peatlands reduces soil GHG emissions more than growing Tl, but Pa and Tl produced similar amounts of biomass and biomethane per land area. Our study concludes that Pa, because of a more pronounced GWP reduction, is the most suitable wetland plant to cultivate after peatland rewetting. © 2020 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier Ltd.
|
|
| 10. |
- Pettersson, Håkan, et al.
(författare)
-
Quantum Dots-in-a-Well Infrared Photodetectors-Electronic Structure and Optical Properties
- 2010
-
Ingår i: Bulletin of American Physical Society. - : American Physical Society.
-
Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Quantum dots-in-a-well (DWELL) infrared photodetectors is a new class of nanophotonic devices with the potential of significantly increasing the performance and reducing the cost of infrared detectors. Here we present a comprehensive study of DWELL photodetector structures using a variety of optical techniques (PL, PLE, and PC). Complementary tunnel capacitance measurements support the electronic structure obtained from the optical measurements. A detailed energy level scheme based on the experimental findings is presented and compared to theoretical modeling. The presented work show the importance of combining different electrical and optical techniques to obtain a consistent model of complicated quantum structures which is crucial for the development of future nanophotonic devices.
|
|
