| 1. |
- Bondad-Reantaso, Melba G., et al.
(författare)
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Review of alternatives to antibiotic use in aquaculture
- 2023
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Ingår i: Reviews in Aquaculture. - : John Wiley & Sons. - 1753-5123 .- 1753-5131. ; 15:4, s. 1421-1451
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Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- With the rapid growth of the aquaculture production since the 1980s, there has been a concomitant increase in disease outbreaks. The injudicious and/or incorrect use of antimicrobial agents against diseases of farmed aquatic species poses a considerable threat to the development and growth of a successful and sustainable aquaculture industry. An increase in antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is an important consequence, resulting to the difficulty in treating common bacterial diseases in populations of aquatic organisms, combined with the presence of antibiotic residues in food fish and their products, leading to import refusals and negative impacts on international trade. To reduce the frequency of AMR, good aquaculture and effective biosecurity practices should include the prudent and responsible use of antibiotics and also consider the use of alternatives to antibiotics, in addition to disease prevention management. This article reviews the literature discussing the scope of the problem pertaining to antibiotic use, the emergence of AMR in aquaculture and to consider and discuss viable alternatives (e.g., vaccination, bacteriophages, quorum quenching, probiotics and prebiotics, chicken egg yolk antibody and medicinal plant derivative). We also discuss lessons learnt, from specific case studies such as the vaccination of farmed salmon in Norway and the use of 'specific pathogen-free' seed-as primary and essential part of a biosecurity strategy.
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| 2. |
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| 3. |
- Godhe, Anna, et al.
(författare)
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PCR detection of dinoflagellate cysts in field sediment samples from tropic and temperate environments
- 2002
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Ingår i: Harmful Algae. - : Elsevier. - 1568-9883. ; 1:4, s. 361-373
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Species-specific primers were constructed for Scrippsiella trochoidea, Protoceratium reticulatum and Lingulodinium polyedrum, which all are common cosmopolitan cyst forming dinoflagellates. The designed primers amplified a product of expected size from cultured planktonic cells of the three species, and did not yield any product with a wide range of other algal species used as negative controls. The PCR method for detection and identification of dinoflagellate cysts from the three species was applied on field samples. Undisturbed surface sediment was collected along the southwest coast of India and the west coast of Sweden. DNA extract from sediment including DNA from dinoflagellate cysts could be obtained after repeated grinding with mortar and pestle under liquid nitrogen followed by microwave boiling. All sediment samples that contained any of the target species as confirmed by microscopy, were also positive for PCR. Field samples negative for any of the target species by microscopy, were also negative by PCR. Restriction enzyme digestion and/or DNA sequencing confirmed the specificity of all the PCR products from field samples. The yield of DNA from sediment extraction was low, and therefore nested PCR was necessary for accurate species-specific detection of the three species in most of the field samples.
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| 4. |
- Olofsson, Malin, et al.
(författare)
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Prorocentrum micans promote and Skeletonema tropicum disfavours persistence of the pathogenic bacteria Vibrio parahaemolyticus
- 2013
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Ingår i: Indian Journal of Geo-Marine Sciences. - : National Institute of Science Communication and Information Resources (NISCAIR). - 0379-5136 .- 0975-1033. ; 42:6, s. 729-733
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Vibrio parahaemolyticus is a common pathogen causing food poisoning with lethal results. Composition of phytoplankton communities could be a possible source affecting survival, persistence and proliferation of V. parahaemolyticus in marine environments. In this experiment an environmental strain of V. parahaemolyticus, isolated from the southwest coast of India, was exposed to one dinoflagellate, Prorocentrum micans and one diatom, Skeletonema tropicum. Results show that P. micans facilitate and S. tropicum prevents persistence of V. parahaemolyticus.
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| 5. |
- Peterson, Olof, et al.
(författare)
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Phytoplankton community composition and diversity effects on the growth of marine Vibrio bacteria
- 2010
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Ingår i: ICHA14 Conference Proceedings Crete 2010.
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Marine autochthonous bacteria of the genus Vibrio contain several species of utmost importance to human health. An environmental study indicated that several diversity factors, such as species richness, were major contributors to Vibrio growth. In a follow-up lab experiment we found that there was a significant positive effect of increasing phytoplankton species richness on Vibrio growth. Thus, this study suggests that healthy phytoplankton cells can serve as a carbon source for Vibrio spp. and that increased species richness can positively affect abundance of vibrios. This knowledge should be considered when assessing algal blooms and their affect on pathogenic bacteria.
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| 6. |
- Turner, Andrew D., et al.
(författare)
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Assessing the presence of marine toxins in bivalve molluscs from southwest India
- 2017
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Ingår i: Toxicon. - : Elsevier BV. - 0041-0101 .- 1879-3150. ; 140, s. 147-156
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- © 2017 Elsevier Ltd The south west coast of India has been showing a steady increase in shellfish cultivation both for local consumption and fishery export, over recent years. Perna viridis and Crassostrea madrasensis are two species of bivalve molluscs which grow in some selected regions of southern Karnataka, close to the city of Mangalore. In the early 1980s, shellfish consumers in the region were affected by intoxication from Paralytic Shellfish Poison present in local bivalves (clams and oysters) resulting in hospitalisation of many, including one fatality. Since then, there have been no further reports of serious shellfish intoxication and there is little awareness of the risks from natural toxins and no routine monitoring programme in place to protect shellfish consumers. This study presents the findings from the first ever systematic assessment of the presence of marine toxins in mussels and oysters grown in four different shellfish harvesting areas in the region. Shellfish were collected and subjected to analysis for ASP, PSP and lipophilic toxins, as well as a suite of non-EU regulated toxins such as tetrodotoxin and selected cyclic imines. Results revealed the presence of low levels of PSP toxins in oysters throughout the study period. Overall, total toxicities reached a maximum of 10% of the EU regulatory limit of 800 μg STX eq/kg. Toxin profiles were similar to those reported from the 1980 outbreak. No evidence was found for significant levels of ASP and lipophilic toxins, although some cyclic imines were detected, including gymnodimine. The results indicated that the risk to shellfish consumers during this specific study period would have been low. However, with historical evidence for extremely high levels of PSP toxins in molluscs, there is a strong need for routine surveillance of shellfish production areas for marine toxins, in order to mitigate against human health impacts resulting from unexpected harmful algal blooms, with potentially devastating socio-economic consequences.
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| 7. |
- Turner, Lucy M., et al.
(författare)
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Pathogenic marine microbes influence the effects of climate change on a commercially important tropical bivalve
- 2016
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Ingår i: Scientific Reports. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 2045-2322. ; 6
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- There is growing evidence that climate change will increase the prevalence of toxic algae and harmful bacteria, which can accumulate in marine bivalves. However, we know little about any possible interactions between exposure to these microorganisms and the effects of climate change on bivalve health, or about how this may affect the bivalve toxin-pathogen load. In mesocosm experiments, mussels, Perna viridis, were subjected to simulated climate change (warming and/or hyposalinity) and exposed to harmful bacteria and/or toxin-producing dinoflagellates. We found significant interactions between climate change and these microbes on metabolic and/or immunobiological function and toxin-pathogen load in mussels. Surprisingly, however, these effects were virtually eliminated when mussels were exposed to both harmful microorganisms simultaneously. This study is the first to examine the effects of climate change on determining mussel toxin-pathogen load in an ecologically relevant, multi-trophic context. The results may have considerable implications for seafood safety.
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