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| 2. |
- Kecklund, Lena, et al.
(författare)
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The TRAIN-project: Effects of Organizational Factors, Automatic Train Control, Work Hours, and Environment: Suggestions for Safety-Enhancing Measures
- 2003
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Ingår i: Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomic Society, 47th Annual Meeting. ; , s. 1835-1839
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- The purpose of the TRAIN project was to describe and analyse the train drivers information environment, working hours, work situation and work environment and their effect on drivers' behaviour and the train driver system safety as well as to propose safety enhancing measures. The results indicate several problems of significance to the train driver system safety, which have been grouped into three main areas; organizational support functions, information environment including cognitive ergonomics and ATC and also working hours, work situation and work environment.
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| 3. |
- Akerstedt, Torbjörn, et al.
(författare)
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Disturbed sleep in shift workers, day workers, and insomniacs.
- 2008
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Ingår i: Chronobiol Int. - : Informa UK Limited. - 1525-6073 .- 0742-0528. ; 25:2, s. 333-48
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Disturbed sleep in shift workers, day workers, and insomniacs.Akerstedt T, Ingre M, Broman JE, Kecklund G.Stress Research Institute, University of Stockholm, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden. torbjorn.akerstedt@ki.seVery little is known about differences in sleep between day and shift workers in representative samples of the population. This study compared a national representative sample (N=3400) of shift (with night shifts) and day workers regarding the different types of sleep disturbances and also the level of sleep symptoms with that of insomnia patients. The results showed very few differences between shift and day workers; only "too little sleep" and "nodding off at work" were marginally higher among shift workers. The results also showed that the complaints of insomnia patients for most sleep disturbances corresponded to the 2nd-16th percentile of the shift workers' levels of complaints. The results suggest, at least with the present questionnaire methodology, that shift work does not appear to be a major source of sleep disturbances and that their complaint levels bear no resemblance to those seen in insomniac patients.
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| 4. |
- Amid Hägg, Shadi, 1982-
(författare)
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Sleep disturbances : Consequences and comorbidities
- 2021
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Background: Sleep disorders are common in the general population, with insomnia and sleep-related breathing disorders being the most common disorders. Since sleep has many important functions, such as a role in consolidation of memories and learning, energy conservation, cardiovascular and immune system regulation, it is not surprising that the disruption of normal sleep may lead to negative health effects and various comorbidities. Aim: The overall aim of this thesis was to investigate the impact of disturbed sleep on various consequences and comorbidities. Methods and results: Papers I and II were based on the Sleep and Health in Women (SHE), a population-based prospective study of women, where a questionnaire was sent to women in 2000 and 2010. In paper I, the study cohort comprised 4,320 women <67 years of age who answered both questionnaires and had worked during the follow-up period. In women, having a long history of insomnia symptoms was associated with an increased risk of self-reported occupational accidents.In paper II, the 4,882 participants who answered the questions regarding nocturnal gastroesophageal reflux and snoring in both questionnaires were included in the study cohort. Women with nocturnal gastroesophageal reflux and snoring were at an increased risk of developing daytime sleepiness and to involuntarily fall asleep during the day. Paper III was based on the RHINE-cohort with participants from seven Northern European centers. The study cohort in paper III comprised the 2,568 smokers in the baseline study that also reported being smokers or former smokers in the follow-up study. It was found that having insomnia symptoms or excessive daytime sleepiness decreases the chance of long-term smoking cessation, and that smoking increases the risk of incident difficulties inducing sleep. Paper IV was the population-based, cross-sectional GA2LEN-survey which was conducted in four major Swedish cities. Paper IV included the 25,901 participants who answered questions regarding both snoring and insomnia symptoms. The combination of snoring and insomnia symptoms was associated with an increased risk of hypertension, asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, and daytime sleepiness. Conclusions: Disturbed sleep, due to varying causes, influences the risk of occupational accidents, on the chance of successful smoking cessation, on the risk of daytime sleepiness, hypertension, and obstructive lung disease. In clinical consultation, it is important to always inquire about disturbed sleep as it can have an impact on many aspects of health.
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| 5. |
- Johansson, Peter, 1975-, et al.
(författare)
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Development and performance of a sleep estimation algorithm using a single accelerometer placed on the thigh : an evaluation against polysomnography
- 2023
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Ingår i: Journal of Sleep Research. - : John Wiley & Sons. - 0962-1105 .- 1365-2869. ; 32:2
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Accelerometers placed on the thigh provide accurate measures of daily physical activity types, postures and sedentary behaviours, over 24 h and across consecutive days. However, the ability to estimate sleep duration or quality from thigh-worn accelerometers is uncertain and has not been evaluated in comparison with the 'gold-standard' measurement of sleep polysomnography. This study aimed to develop an algorithm for sleep estimation using the raw data from a thigh-worn accelerometer and to evaluate it in comparison with polysomnography. The algorithm was developed and optimised on a dataset consisting of 23 single-night polysomnography recordings, collected in a laboratory, from 15 asymptomatic adults. This optimised algorithm was then applied to a separate evaluation dataset, in which, 71 adult males (mean [SD] age 57 [11] years, height 181 [6] cm, weight 82 [13] kg) wore ambulatory polysomnography equipment and a thigh-worn accelerometer, simultaneously, whilst sleeping at home. Compared with polysomnography, the algorithm had a sensitivity of 0.84 and a specificity of 0.55 when estimating sleep periods. Sleep intervals were underestimated by 21 min (130 min, Limits of Agreement Range [LoAR]). Total sleep time was underestimated by 32 min (233 min LoAR). Our results evaluate the performance of a new algorithm for estimating sleep and outline the limitations. Based on these results, we conclude that a single device can provide estimates of the sleep interval and total sleep time with sufficient accuracy for the measurement of daily physical activity, sedentary behaviour, and sleep, on a group level in free-living settings.
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| 6. |
- Linton, Steven J., 1952-, et al.
(författare)
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The effect of the work environment on future sleep disturbances : a systematic review
- 2015
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Ingår i: Sleep Medicine Reviews. - : W. B. Saunders. - 1087-0792 .- 1532-2955. ; 23:Oktober, s. 10-19
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Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- Workers often attribute poor sleep to factors at work. Despite the large number of workers with sleep disturbances, there is a lack of consensus on the relationship between the work environment and sleep. The purpose of this systematic review therefore was to conduct a comprehensive evaluation. To this end, we employed standardized methods to systematically locate, review, and tabulate the results of prospective or randomized studies of the impact of work factors on sleep disturbances. From the 7981 articles located in five databases, 24 fulfilled our inclusion criteria and formed the base of the review including meta-analyses of the effect sizes. Results showed that the psychosocial work variables of social support at work, control, and organizational justice were related to fewer sleep disturbances, while high work demands, job strain, bullying, and effort-reward imbalance were related to more future sleep disturbances. Moreover, working a steady shift was associated with disturbances while exiting shift work was associated with less disturbed sleep. We conclude that psychosocial work factors and the scheduling of work have an impact on sleep disturbances and this might be utilized in the clinic as well as for planning work environments. Future research needs to employ better methodology and focus on underlying mechanisms.
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| 7. |
- Åkerstedt, Torbjörn, et al.
(författare)
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Gray Matter Volume Correlates Of Sleepiness : A Voxel-based Morphometry Study In Younger And Older Adults
- 2018
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Ingår i: Sleep. - : Oxford University Press (OUP). - 0161-8105 .- 1550-9109. ; 27
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Tidskriftsartikel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Introduction: Sleepiness is prevalent in society, often linked to disturbed sleep, shift work, stress, or diseases. It is also associated with an increased risk of accidents. Sleepiness may be related to brain metabolism and, we hypothesize that it is associated with brain gray matter (GM) volume. The present study investigated the association between sleepiness and GM volume in thalamus and insula, with a special focus on age, since both sleepiness and GM volume change with age.Methods: In all, 84 healthy individuals participated in the experiment, of which 46 were in the age range 20–30 years and 38 ranging between 65–75 years. Data was collected in a 3 T scanner during a 5 minute anatomical scan (first in a several sessions in the scanner) in the evening after a full night of sleep. Momentary sleepiness (Karolinska Sleepiness Scale) was rated 7 times during the time in the scanner.Results: Results showed that, in older, relative to younger adults, areas within bilateral insular cortex and thalamus GM regions of interest were negatively associated (FWE-corrected) with sleepiness (Z=4.02, p=.015 left insula and Z=4.42, p=.009 for right insula; Z=3.75, p=.020 for left thalamus and Z=4.60, p=.001 for right thalamus). Larger volume was associated with low sleepiness in the older group, but not in the older group. The effect in the insula was mainly present in the mid-anterior parts of the structure.. In addition, after applying a conservative small volume correction including all ROIs simultaneously, age-interaction effects remained significant.Conclusion: It was concluded that self-rated momentary sleepiness in a monotonous situation is negatively associated with GM volume in areas within both thalamus and insula in older individuals. The results are in line with notions of thalamus as a driver of arousal and of anterior insula as a structure evaluating the state of the organism. Possibly, a larger GM volume in these structures may be protective against sleepiness in older individuals, a hypothesis that needs confirmation in further studies.
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| 8. |
- Åkerstedt, Torbjörn, et al.
(författare)
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Predicting changes in sleep complaints from baseline values and changes in work demands, work control, and work preoccupation : The WOLF-project
- 2012
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Ingår i: Sleep Medicine. - Amsterdam : Elsevier BV. - 1389-9457 .- 1878-5506. ; 13:1, s. 73-80
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Study objective: Stress as a cause of disturbed sleep is often taken for granted, but the longitudinal evidence is limited. The aim of this study was to evaluate new cases of poor sleep as a function of changes in reported work demands, work control, and work preoccupation. Methods: Longitudinal study of change with measures occurring twice within a 5-year interval during a period when the prevalence of impaired sleep was increasing in Sweden. The sample of companies was taken from northern Sweden (Norrland) and included 3637 individuals from the "WOLF Norrland" longitudinal cohort, collected through company health services. Measurement and results: During the measurement period, 16% of those studied developed new cases of impaired sleep. Logistic regressions adjusted for demographics, work environment factors, and disturbed sleep at T1 period one showed a significant increase in new cases for high work demands and high work preoccupation (OR = 1.37; Ci = 1.09-1.72 and OR = 1.80; CI = 1.42-2.28, respectively). The analysis of change in the predictors showed effects of a change from low to high work demands (OR = 1.39; Ci = 1.00-1.95) on new cases of impaired sleep. Consistent high work demands (high at both points) showed a similar increase (OR = 1.49; Ci = 1.06-2.11) but no effect was seen for reduced demands. Change in work preoccupation yielded stronger effects with OR = 2.47 (1.78-2.47) for increased work preoccupation and OR = 3.79 (2.70-5.31) for consistent high work preoccupation. Also, a reduction in work preoccupation was associated with a reduction in new cases of disturbed sleep. Control at work was not related to sleep. Stratification with respect to gender mainly led to fewer significant results (particularly for women) due to larger confidence intervals. Conclusions: It was concluded that self-reported work preoccupation predicts subsequent impairment of sleep and that increased preoccupation is associated with new cases of impaired sleep. Similar, but weaker, results were obtained for work demands.
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| 9. |
- Åkerstedt, Torbjörn, et al.
(författare)
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Sleep and sleepiness : impact of entering or leaving shiftwork--a prospective study.
- 2010
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Ingår i: Chronobiology International. - : Informa UK Limited. - 0742-0528 .- 1525-6073. ; 27:5, s. 987-96
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Very little is known about the effects on sleep and sleepiness of entering or exiting shiftwork. The present study used a longitudinal database (n = 3637). Participants completed a questionnaire on work hours, sleep, and work environment at the start and end of a 5-yr period. Changes in shift/day work status were related to change in a number of subjective sleep variables using logistic regression analysis. The analyses were adjusted for age, sex, and differences in socioeconomic status, work demands, work control, physical workload, marriage status, and number of children. In comparison with constant day work, entering shiftwork (with or without night shifts) from day work increased the risk of difficulties in falling asleep, and leaving shiftwork reduced this risk (odds ratio [OR] = 2.8 [confidence interval, CI = 1.8-4.5]). Also falling asleep at work showed a consistent pattern; an increased risk of falling asleep for those with shiftwork on both occasions, and for those with night work on both occasions. Also entering night work was associated with a strongly increased risk of falling asleep at work (OR = 2.9 [CI = 1.3-6.7]). These results suggest that entering and leaving shiftwork has a considerable impact on sleep and alertness. However, there is a need for large and more extended longitudinal studies to support our findings.
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