| 1. |
- Kecklund, Göran, et al.
(författare)
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Sleepiness and the risk of car crash : a case control study
- 2011
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Driver sleepiness is believed to be a strong contributing factor to road traffic crashes. Acute sleepiness risk factors, such as driving during early morning hours or having insufficient sleep, was observed in 15% to 25% of the car crash injuries in New Zealand. Most studies are observational and describe the information about the crashes, whereas controlled studies are rare. One exception is the study by Connor et al. (2002), which used a case-control design and compared 571 car drivers involved in crashes (in which at least one driver was admitted to hospital or killed - "cases") with 588 representative drivers (controls) recruited while driving on public roads. The results showed a strong association between indicators of acute sleepiness and the risk of an injury crash, whereas measures of chronic sleepiness showed no association with injury risk. The aim of the present study was to carry out a similar study in Sweden and examine the relationship between acute and chronic sleepiness characteristics, including disturbed sleep and other factors that may contribute to driver sleepiness, with the risk of crashes in which the driver was admitted to hospital.
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| 2. |
- Schwarz, Johanna, et al.
(författare)
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Effectiveness of traditional countermeasures
- 2011
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Approximately 20% of motor vehicle crashes are caused by sleepiness or fatigue . Therefore, the search of effective countermeasures against driver sleepiness is a key issue in crash prevention. While caffeine, energy drinks and napping have been reported to improve driver alertness, listening to music and cold air have shown too transient and marginal effects in counteracting sleepiness in a driving simulator. However, a recent Swedish survey depicted that drivers use turning on the radio and opening a window more frequently as countermeasure than drinking coffee or stopping for nap. This raises the question if those drivers apply rather ineffective countermeasures or if these countermeasures are more effective when used during actual driving, in contrast to simulated driving. Therefore, this study aimed at assessing the effect of listening to music and opening the window during real driving on the motorway.
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| 3. |
- Åkerstedt, Torbjörn, et al.
(författare)
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Sleep loss and accidents : Work hours, life style, and sleep pathology
- 2011
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Ingår i: Human Sleep and Cognition Part II. - : Elsevier Science. - 9780444538185 ; 190, s. 169-188
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Bokkapitel (refereegranskat)abstract
- A very important outcome of reduced sleep is accidents. The present chapter will attempt to bring together some of the present knowledge in this area. We will focus on the driving situation, for which the evidence of the link between sleep loss and accidents is quite well established, but we will also bring up working life in general where evidence is more sparse. It should be emphasized that reduced sleep as a cause of accidents implies that the mediating factor is sleepiness (or fatigue). This link is discussed elsewhere in this volume, but here we will bring in sleepiness (subjective or physiological) as an explanatory factor of accidents. Another central observation is that many real life accident studies do not link accidents to reduced sleep, but infer reduced sleep and/or sleepiness from the context, like, for example, from work schedules, life styles, or sleep pathology. Reduced sleep is mainly due to suboptimal work schedules (or to a suboptimal life style) or to sleep pathology. We have divided the present chapter into two areas.
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