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- 2019
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)
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| 2. |
- Hellsmark, Hans, 1974, et al.
(författare)
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Teknologiska innovationssystem inom energiområdet: En praktisk vägledning till identifiering av systemsvagheter som motiverar särskilda politiska åtaganden
- 2014
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Syftet med denna rapport är att illustrera hur ett praktiskt inriktat ramverk, tekno- logiska innovationssystem (TIS), kan användas av analytiker och beslutsfattare vid departement och myndigheter för att analysera strategiskt viktiga teknikområden ?????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????I rapporten analyseras fem TIS centrerade kring havsbaserad vindkraft, marin energi, ????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? systemsvagheter som bromsar områdets vidare utveckling, vilka som kan åtgärdas av systemets aktörer och vilka som motiverar särskilda politiska åtaganden. Rapporten utgör därmed ett underlag för att formulera åtgärder för att åstadkomma ökad innova- tion, teknikspridning och industrialisering inom ovan nämnda teknikområden.Studien har även möjliggjort en jämförande analys av likheter och skillnader ???????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? ?????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? mellan områdena – de är starka respektive svaga av olika orsaker. Detta visar att ???????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????Samtidigt har områdena gemensamma drag. Systemets aktörer, där även politiska ???????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? ?????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????- skapsnätverk. Men de har varit sämre på att skapa tidiga nischmarknader som ger utrymme för fortsatt lärande och kostnadsreduktion. Sådana nischer kan ibland skapas av marknadens aktörer, men ofta krävs politiska styrmedel. De behövs för att investeringar i kunskapsutveckling ska kunna nyttiggöras och för att en bred industriell utveckling inom nya områden skall göras möjlig i Sverige.Vidare presenteras lärdomar kring vad en aktiv teknikpolitik innebär. Två huvud- ??????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????- hällsbygget och därför bör vara ett politikområde bland många samt att den skarpa ??????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????- ?????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? ?????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? olika faser av innovationssystemets utveckling.För att lyckas med en aktiv teknikpolitik behövs en hög grad av koordinering ??????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? teknikområden så att ”rätt” typ av åtgärder kan sättas in vid ”rätt” tidpunkt av ”rätt” aktör. TIS-ramverket lyfts här fram som en metod för att skapa ett sådant underlag. Slutligen presenteras en metod för projektbedömningar som syftar till att stötta handläggare i utvärderingar av projekt inom nya teknikområden.Rapporten i sin helhet riktar sig särskilt till beslutsfattare och handläggare vid myndigheter, departement och politiker, men även andra organisationer och indi- vider med intresse av att högt ställda klimatmål ska kunna nås samtidigt som en positiv näringslivsutveckling möjliggörs.
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| 3. |
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| 4. |
- Boretzky, K., et al.
(författare)
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NeuLAND: The high-resolution neutron time-of-flight spectrometer for R 3 B at FAIR
- 2021
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Ingår i: Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research, Section A: Accelerators, Spectrometers, Detectors and Associated Equipment. - : Elsevier BV. - 0168-9002. ; 1014
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- NeuLAND (New Large-Area Neutron Detector) is the next-generation neutron detector for the R3B (Reactions with Relativistic Radioactive Beams) experiment at FAIR (Facility for Antiproton and Ion Research). NeuLAND detects neutrons with energies from 100 to 1000 MeV, featuring a high detection efficiency, a high spatial and time resolution, and a large multi-neutron reconstruction efficiency. This is achieved by a highly granular design of organic scintillators: 3000 individual submodules with a size of 5 × 5 × 250 cm3 are arranged in 30 double planes with 100 submodules each, providing an active area of 250 × 250 cm2 and a total depth of 3 m. The spatial resolution due to the granularity together with a time resolution of σt≤ 150 ps ensures high-resolution capabilities. In conjunction with calorimetric properties, a multi-neutron reconstruction efficiency of 50% to 70% for four-neutron events will be achieved, depending on both the emission scenario and the boundary conditions allowed for the reconstruction method. We present in this paper the final design of the detector as well as results from test measurements and simulations on which this design is based.
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| 5. |
- Hytteborn, Håkan, et al.
(författare)
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Century-long tree population dynamics in a deciduous forest stand in central Sweden
- 2017
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Ingår i: Journal of Vegetation Science. - : Wiley. - 1100-9233 .- 1654-1103. ; 28:5, s. 1057-1069
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Question: We quantify tree dynamics over a century of free development in a small broadleaved forest dominated by Fraxinus excelsior and Ulmus glabra. What are the internal and external factors driving the changes, and how predictable are they? What were the time scale and effects of the spread of Dutch elm disease (DED)? Location: Vårdsätra, eastern central Sweden.Methods: The survival, growth and recruitment of all trees (≥ 12 cm in girth) were monitored in 1912, 1967, 1988 and 2013 (more often for a part of the forest). Woody species in the field and shrub layers were surveyed in permanent plots in 1976 and 2012. We used transition matrix models to project changes in population sizes and species composition within the century and for 2050.Results: The results indicate that the forest was in a successional development during the first period. The species composition had stabilised by 1967, except for an expansion of Acer platanoides and the drastic effect of DED that struck the forest around 2000. It took only a decade to kill virtually all large elms in the forest, leading to strong decrease in stem density and basal area. The evidence for effects of DED is still weak, but there has been an increase in saplings, notably of Fraxinus, Prunus padus, Ulmus, and of shoots of Corylus avellana. Several species that are abundant in the vicinity and as seeds fail to establish (Picea abies, Betula spp., Quercus robur, Populus tremula). Projections for 2050 based on the third period (1988-2013) are probably unrealistic since also Fraxinus may disappear because of the recent arrival of the ash dieback.Conclusions: Slow dynamics in forests that could follow from climate change will locally probably be overruled by unforeseen catastrophes, such as invasions by forest pathogens. These initiate changes with long lag phases difficult to quantify. Still, a dense deciduous forest can resist invasion of colonist species and of regionally dominant conifers; the reason being unfavourable conditions for establishment rather than dispersal limitation
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| 6. |
- Koptekin, Dilek, et al.
(författare)
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Spatial and temporal heterogeneity in human mobility patterns in Holocene Southwest Asia and the East Mediterranean
- 2023
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Ingår i: Current Biology. - : Cell Press. - 0960-9822 .- 1879-0445. ; 33:1, s. 41-57
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We present a spatiotemporal picture of human genetic diversity in Anatolia, Iran, Levant, South Caucasus, and the Aegean, a broad region that experienced the earliest Neolithic transition and the emergence of com-plex hierarchical societies. Combining 35 new ancient shotgun genomes with 382 ancient and 23 present-day published genomes, we found that genetic diversity within each region steadily increased through the Holo-cene. We further observed that the inferred sources of gene flow shifted in time. In the first half of the Holo-cene, Southwest Asian and the East Mediterranean populations homogenized among themselves. Starting with the Bronze Age, however, regional populations diverged from each other, most likely driven by gene flow from external sources, which we term "the expanding mobility model."Interestingly, this increase in in-ter-regional divergence can be captured by outgroup-f3-based genetic distances, but not by the commonly used FST statistic, due to the sensitivity of FST, but not outgroup-f3, to within-population diversity. Finally, we report a temporal trend of increasing male bias in admixture events through the Holocene.
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| 7. |
- Magnusson, Andreas
(författare)
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Från ett perspektiv på ekologiska processer till ett verktyg för att diskutera hållbarhetsfrågor : Hur ekosystemtjänster – ett nytt ämnesinnehåll, kan ta form i undervisningspraktiken
- 2017
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Licentiatavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The aim of this study was to generate knowledge about how teachers embark on new subject content and how their understandings of ecosystem services evolve and change in teaching practice, and also what it means to be able to discuss the relationship between the ecological and social in terms of ecosystem services in a teaching practice in middle school.The teachers used the learning study model and variation theory to explore the object of learning, by trying to design an instruction that offers fifth grade students the possibility to develop their knowledge of ecosystem services. The learning study model is an interventionist approach, where the focus is on an object of learning. A group of teachers worked together and tested students, planned lessons and implemented, evaluated and refined the lessons in an iterative process.The theoretical framework, variation theory, is a theory of learning that focuses on how discernment of aspects affects the way we perceive our world and how variation can be used to promote learning. However, since the study aims at contributing to enhancing our knowledge of how teachers can develop their skills and their meanings of a new content in practice, the empirical data from learning study was then analyzed with the help of activity theory, and the cycle of expansive learning.The result of the study shows that it can be complicated to introduce a new educational content. However, the learning study model proved to be aneffective tool for developing teachers' knowledge of ecosystem services and how to teach this. Ecosystem services were developed as teachers worked systematically with the content in their practice. For example, when the students did not respond to the exercises and to the reasoning of the ecosystem services that the teachers had planned, contradictions were created and changed the learning object's meaning for the teachers. The recordings from the lessons made the contradictions that arose during the lesson visible. Ecosystem services were developed from being primarily a tool to describe the human needs of the non-human nature to a tool to be able to discuss sustainability issues and the relationship between ecological, economic and social dimensions.
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