| 1. |
- Heshmati, Almas, et al.
(författare)
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Analysis of Landmine Fatalities and Injuries in the Kurdistan Region
- 2015
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Ingår i: Journal of Interpersonal Violence. - : SAGE Publications. - 0886-2605 .- 1552-6518. ; 30:15, s. 2591-2615
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This study analyzes landmine victim data in the Kurdistan Region during the period 1960 to 2005. A regression analysis is used to identify the determinants and impact of the probability of getting killed by mines and unexploded ordnances. The rates of killed/injured victims are explained using a set of socioeconomic variables. As the data are a repeated cross-section in which the individuals are observed when they are subjected to landmine incidents, and to account for the dynamic aspect of the process and heterogeneity by location as well as to control for unobserved location and time effects, a pseudo panel data are created where districts are observed over the entire time period forming a panel data. The results show that (a) males, children, and the elderly are more susceptible to a higher level of landmine risks; (b) landmine training and awareness programs do not reduce the rate of landmine mortality; and (c) the rate of incidents are declining over time. This result can be used in the planning, monitoring, and resource allocation for mine action, as well as labor market programs and rehabilitation activities.
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| 2. |
- Heshmati, Almas, et al.
(författare)
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Socio-economic impacts of landmines in southern Kurdistan
- 2013
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Bok (refereegranskat)abstract
- The Kurdistan Region of Iraq has been massively contaminated by landmines and unexploded ordnances disposals. This will continue to be a major obstacle for development and economic growth mainly in the rural border communities. The landmines were used systematically by the central Baathist government in its efforts to de-populate the Kurdistan Region and to weaken the Kurds demands for regional self-determination. This work investigates the magnitude of the mines problem in the Region, and the mine action activities undertaken to rehabilitate, reconstruct, and develop the region. In addition to that, this work emphasizes on the social, health, education, and economic impacts of mines and its legal consequences. In order to achieve the abovementioned objectives, this work is divided into fifteen chapters. After providing an introduction and background to the mines problem, the authors discuss the international and the Kurdistan Regions' scope of the mines problem. The methods of dealing with mines and its consequences have been reviewed. The issues of mines action and impact survey, and factors influencing the survey process and mine actions activities are discussed. A comprehensive review of the outcome of mines problem in the Kurdistan Region is conducted. The nature of the problems faced by the Kurds and its characteristics are discussed in more detailed form by looking at some case studies. Here the economic, social, and health impacts of landmines in the region are assessed. The issues of human, security, and political impacts of landmines are further addressed followed by an assessment of mine action resources and its progress, education, and various preventive measures. Finally a number of policy recommendations are provided to prevent their future use and to take legal actions against landmines users for clearance, rehabilitation, and compensation issues.
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| 3. |
- Heshmati, Almas, et al.
(författare)
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Statistical Analysis of Landmine Fatalities in Kurdistan
- 2011
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- This study analyzes mines and unexploded ordnance (UXO) victim data in the Kurdistan Region of Iraq during the period of the 1960s to 2005. In addition to descriptive analysis of the data, we use regression analysis to identify the determinants of the probability of getting killed by a mine or UXO and to estimate the determinants impacts. The rates of killed and injured victims are explained using a set of socioeconomic variables. Since the data is repeated cross sections in which individuals are observed when they are subjected to accident and in order to account for the dynamic aspect of the process and heterogeneity by location, we create pseudo panel data where districts are observed over the entire study period forming almost a balanced panel data. This allows for analysis of both heterogeneity and dynamics across locations and over time, as well as to control for unobserved location and time effects. The result can be useful in planning, monitoring, and resource allocation for mine action and labor market programmes and rehabilitation activities.
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| 4. |
- Khayyat, Nabaz T., et al.
(författare)
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Determinants of Mobile Phone Customer Satisfaction in the Kurdistan Region of Iraq
- 2012
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- This study examines the customer satisfaction of telecommunication service in the Kurdistan region of Iraq. The purpose is to identify the key factors determining the customer satisfaction of telecommunication service. A conceptual model is specified and a number of hypotheses tested with a sample of 1,458 Kurdish mobile phone users in 2010. Discrete choice methodology is used to test three models of user satisfaction: Binomial logit model for overall satisfaction, and multinomial logit model for brand use and for handset preferred features. Overall the findings show that the Kurdish customers are generally satisfied with purchased mobile telecomm-unication service. The findings have implications for competition in the market and flows of investment resources to targeted market segments with potential expansion.
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| 5. |
- Khayyat, Nabaz T., et al.
(författare)
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Determinants of Mobile Telecommunication Adoption in Kurdistan
- 2013
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Ingår i: International Journal of Communication. - 1932-8036. ; 7, s. 2285-2311
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This study analyzes Kurdistan’s potential for effectively using mobile telecommunication. It identifies key factors determining the adoption of mobile telecommunication service. A conceptual model is specified, and several hypotheses are tested with a sample of 1,458 Kurdish mobile phone users in 2010. A discrete choice methodology is used to test two models of mobile telecommunication acceptance: choice of service providers and usage pattern. The results indicate that Korek is the favorite service provider in the Kurdistan region of Iraq, and the subscribers mostly use the service for work purposes. The findings have implications for competition in the market and flows of investment resources to targeted market segments with potential expansion.
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| 6. |
- Khayyat, Nabaz T., et al.
(författare)
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Determinants of Mobile Telecommunication Adoption in the Kurdistan Region of Iraq
- 2012
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- This study attempts to analyze Kurdistan Region's potentials in the effective usage of mobile telecommunication. The purpose is to identify the key factors determining the adoption of mobile telephony service. A conceptual model is specified and a number of hypotheses tested with a sample of 1,458 Kurdish mobile phone users in 2010. Discrete choice methodology is used to test two models of mobile telephony acceptance: Choice of Service Providers and Usage Pattern. The results show that Korek is the most favorite service provider in Kurdistan Region and the subscribers are mostly using the service for their work. The finding has implications for competition in the market and flows of investment resources to targeted market segments with potential expansion.
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| 7. |
- Khayyat, Nabaz T., et al.
(författare)
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How ICT Investment and Energy Use Influence the Productivity of Korean Industries
- 2014
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- This empirical study examines changes in industrial productivity in Korea between 1980 and 2009, focusing on how investment in information and communication technology (ICT) and energy use, influence productivity levels. A dynamic factor demand model is applied in order to link inter-temporal production decisions by explicitly recognizing that the level of certain factors of production cannot be changed without incurring so-called adjustment costs, defined in terms of forgone output from current production. In particular, we investigate how the ICT–energy relationship affects total factor productivity growth in 30 industrial sectors. Describing industry-specific productivity levels is important for policymakers when the allocation of public investment and support is limited. The results presented herein show that ICT/non-ICT capital investment are substitutes for labor and energy use. We also find a high output growth rate in the sampled sectors, and increasing returns to scale, whose effects on the TFP component are higher than those of technological progress.
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| 8. |
- Khayyat, Nabaz T., et al.
(författare)
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Production Risk, Energy Use Efficiencyand Productivity of Korean Industries
- 2014
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Korea imports all of its primary energy, which leads to high dependency and vulnerability related to its energy supply. Efficiency in the use of energy is a way to reduce dependency and emissions. This study provides empirical results of the stochastic production process in energy use. Special attention is given to the factors that increase the risk or variation of using more of the energy input in production. A dynamic panel model is specified and applied to 25 Korean industrial sectors over the period 1970-2007. The determinants of energy use are identified and their effects in the form of elasticities of energy use are estimated. Stochastic production technology is applied to estimate an energy demand model based on an inverted factor demand.The findings reveal that: first, there are large variations in the degree of overuse or inefficiency in energy use among the individual industries as well as over time; second, information and communication technology (ICT) capital and labor are substituting for energy; and third, ICT capital input decreases the variability of energy demand while non-ICT capital, material and labor increase the variability of energy demand. The results suggest that technical progress contributes more to the increase in the mean energy demand than to the reduction in the level of risk. It is recommended that industries increase their level of ICT capital as well as digitalize and invest more in R&D activities and value added services to reduce the uncertainty related to their demand for energy.
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| 9. |
- Muhamad, Goran M., et al.
(författare)
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The dynamics of private sector development in natural resource dependent countries
- 2020
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Ingår i: Global Economic Review. - : Taylor & Francis. - 1226-508X .- 1744-3873. ; 49:4, s. 396-421
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This paper discusses the role of private sector development in overcoming the challenges of the resource curse. It identifies the developmental factors in the private sector in natural resource dependent countries by adapting a dynamic flexible adjustment model. Its empirical results are based on panel data from 110 natural resource producers in developed, developing, and emerging countries during the period 1990–2017. The findings show that natural resource rents can foster private sector development, and the speed of adjustment towards the target level of development is faster in oil and gas exporting countries.
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