| 1. |
- Andersson, Per, et al.
(författare)
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The Configuration Of Actors In Market Practice
- 2009
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Ingår i: Marketing Theory. - : SAGE Publications (UK and US). - 1741-301X .- 1470-5931. ; 8:1, s. 67-90
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This paper addresses three conceptual challenges concerning actors and agency that arise when taking interest in market practice: i) how agency is awarded in practical situations, ii) how actors are preconfigured, and iii) how actors are represented. These issues are explored in three empirical scenes taken from a case study of the introduction of an e-procurement system at an international transport and logistics company. First, we suggest that practical interaction can be fruitfully regarded as a process of interdefinition involving prescriptions and subscriptions between acting entities, or actants . Second, we employ the term inscription to address efforts to affect in advance the configuration of such actants. Third, we suggest that actors are entities to which actions are ascribed, ex post . Through this secondary process a number of actants may be subsumed under a common actor label, thus offering a way of accounting for agency as part of a practice perspective. We conclude by discussing implications of the proposed vocabulary for multiplicity, reflexivity and market agency.
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| 2. |
- Araujo, Luis, et al.
(författare)
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Enacting novel agencements: the case of Frequent Flyer schemes in the US airline industry (1981–1991)
- 2016
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Ingår i: Consumption, Markets and Culture. - : Taylor & Francis (Routledge). - 1477-223X .- 1025-3866. ; 19:1, s. 92-110
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- After the deregulation of the US market for air travel in 1978, incumbent airlines sought to find their feet in a challenging new commercial reality. A major initiative was the creation of so-called Frequent Flyer Programs (FFPs), which quickly became a standard tool for airline marketing. We analyze the introduction and subsequent development of these FFPs as a process of agencing resulting in multiple and novel market agencements. We explain how the apparent success of the FFPs resulted from a series of parallel and complementary investments that went far beyond the airlines setting up their own loyalty programs. These investments contributed to reshuffle the agencies involved, not only by giving birth to the “Frequent Flyer” category but also by introducing new agential capacities for the airlines, travelers, travel agents and corporate customers of air travel. The paper concludes with reflections on how our empirical case can help us understand the evolutionary dynamics of agencing efforts and the resulting agencements.
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| 3. |
- Araujo, Luis, et al.
(författare)
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Forming cognitions by investing in a form : Frequent flyer programs in US air travel post-deregulation (1981-1991)
- 2015
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Ingår i: Industrial Marketing Management. - : Elsevier. - 0019-8501. ; 48, s. 68-78
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This paper addresses the link between action and cognition in markets. Increasing reliance on markets to co-ordinate economic activity across diverse contexts underscores the need to better understand how such coordination is achieved and how it can be changed. Our starting point is sense-making in formal organizations and markets. We argue that, whereas focusing on intersubjective agreements supported by frequent communication provides useful insights on coordination in formal organizations, coordination in markets cannot rely on these mechanisms alone. We borrow Thévenot's (1984) notions of form and investments in form to show how cognition and action are interrelated, and coordination achieved, in market settings. A form is characterized by its capacity to generate temporal and spatial equivalencies, allowing us to move from the particular (e.g., one exchange episode) to the generic (e.g., recurrent exchanges with particular types of customers). The development of a form helps construct common contexts of action which become the basis for coordinated actions.Our empirical case describes how the introduction of Frequent flyer programs created a new market form following the US Airline Deregulation Act (1978). Under the previous regulatory regime, the US Civil Aeronautics Board controlled routes and prices and airlines were limited to competing on frequency and quality of service. We show how successive rounds of investments by a variety of market actors helped articulate and consolidate the new market form over a 10-year period. Whereas action preceded cognition in the early stages, the gradual consolidation of the new form provided opportunities for market participants to gain reflexive distance and conjure up further ways to engage with the form.
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| 4. |
- Aspers, Patrik, 1970-, et al.
(författare)
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Valuation Studies? Our Collective Two Cents
- 2013
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Ingår i: Valuation Studies. - : Linkoping University Electronic Press. - 2001-5992. ; 1:1, s. 11-30
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This article presents the results of a poll made among the members of the editorial and advisory boards of Valuation Studies. The purpose is to overview the topic that is the remit of the new journal. The poll focused on three questions: 1. Why is the study of valuation topical? 2. What specific issues related to valuation are the most pressing ones toexplore? 3. What sites and methods would be interesting for studying valuation? The answers to these questions provided by sixteen board members form the basis of the article. Based on these answers, it identifies a number of themes concerning the study of valuation, elaborating on the rationale for attending to valuation, the conceptual challenges linked to this, and the specfic issues and sites that deserve further attention.
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| 5. |
- Chimenti, Gianluca, et al.
(författare)
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Mutable mobiles? Making space for an access-based car sharing market
- 2022
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Ingår i: Environment and Planning A. - : SAGE Publications (UK and US). - 1472-3409 .- 0308-518X. ; 54:6, s. 1277-1296
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- How is space made to matter in contemporary access-based markets? Drawing on the geographies of marketization and constructivist market studies, we examine how space is framed as a relevant quality to take into account in market exchange and how that qualification process itself is spatially situated. We trace a failed attempt to create an access-based car market in Stockholm, involving parallel but poorly synchronized site-specific effects of marketization across public and private realms. Our findings show how DriveNow sought to render its envisioned market spatially homogenous and the spatial interdependencies between this envisioned market and other (market and nonmarket) uses of space. We highlight the performation struggles between such alternative but overlapping spatial demarcations in specific microgeographies and show how seemingly similar spatial imaginaries can be materialized in different ways in one spatial realm.
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| 6. |
- Cochoy, Franck, 1964, et al.
(författare)
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Price display technologies and price ceiling policies: governing prices in the WWII and postwar US economy (1940–1953)
- 2021
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Ingår i: Socio-Economic Review. - : Oxford University Press (OUP). - 1475-1461 .- 1475-147X. ; 19:1, s. 133-156
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This article explores the politics and technologies of price fixing and price display in US grocery stores in the mid-20th century. Drawing on the literature on market devices and policy instruments, it complements previous studies focused on price setting processes by stressing the importance of price display. Through a systematic reading of the trade journal The Progressive Grocer, the article shows how displaying prices during World War II and the postwar inflation period combined the mastery of Government authorities at the federal level, and the expertise of retail professionals at the shelf level. It demonstrates that the regulation of prices is linked to mundane policies, technologies and practices, in particular the technique of ‘stereoscopic prices’ aimed at linking a reference price (the ceiling price set by the government) and the selling price (the actual price set by the retailer). Such technologies proved able to reinvent prices and price competition through their ‘bifurcated agency’, i.e. their propensity to both enact the scripts delegated to them (conveying price ceilings) and produce major side effects, like generalizing the practice of price display and linking prices to new values and qualitative dimensions of grocery products.
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| 7. |
- Cochoy, Franck, 1964, et al.
(författare)
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The ethno-graphy of prices: On the fingers of the invisible hand (1922-1947)
- 2019
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Ingår i: Organization. - : SAGE Publications. - 1350-5084 .- 1461-7323. ; 26:4, s. 492-516
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This article is part of a project examining the long-term process of price display digitalization, ranging from manually written prices to contemporary electronic shelf labels. Based on the etymology of the term ‘digital’ (from digitus, finger or toe), we intend to show that the display of prices in retail settings surprisingly rests on a long-term digitalization process that started in the early 20th century. The study is based on a systematic reading of the trade magazine The Progressive Grocer during its first decades (1922-1947). This magazine assisted independent American grocers in their move from counter-service to self-service, and in facing the challenges of new competitors like chain stores and supermarkets. In this process, the disclosure of prices and their proper writing—their ethno-graphy—was central. We focus on a crucial and transitional period: the move from coded to open prices. This period entailed a double development of price ‘fingerization’ (using the fingers to write the prices) and price ‘de-fingerization’ (getting rid of handwriting thanks to novel price tag and printing devices). Ethnographying these mundane evolutions illuminates the role of the fingers of the invisible hand that animates the market, so to say.
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| 8. |
- Cochoy, Franck, 1964, et al.
(författare)
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The technologies of price display: mundane retail price governance in the early twentieth century
- 2018
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Ingår i: Economy and Society. - : Informa UK Limited. - 0308-5147 .- 1469-5766. ; 47:4, s. 572-606
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- How is everyday retail pricing practices and devices linked to large-scale, market-wide movements in retail prices? This paper investigates how the development and spread of seemingly insignificant price display technologies in US grocery retailing related to the development of US food prices at large during the interwar years (1918–1939). We find that the development of these new technologies (e.g. preprinted price cards, price tags and price mouldings) afforded new retail pricing practices (e.g. price cutting, specials and bundles). This development both fed off and contributed to the periods of intense price competition that marked the development of US food prices in the studied period. We conclude that price formation mechanisms are historically situated socio-technical phenomena rather than the product of abstract and historically constant market forces. As such, well-working markets hinge on the efforts of a wide range of market actors to continuously test the contextualization of particular price mechanisms and develop alternative solutions to overcome the shortcomings that such reflexive efforts are able to establish.
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| 9. |
- Cochoy, Franck, 1964, et al.
(författare)
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The Tower of Labels: Labelling Goods in the US Grocery Store (1922–2018)
- 2020
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Ingår i: Labelling the Economy, Qualities and Values in Contemporary Markets. edited by B. Laurent and A. Mallard. - Singapore : Palgrave Macmillan. - 9789811514975 - 9789811514982 ; , s. 233-270
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Bokkapitel (refereegranskat)abstract
- While labelling is often conceived as an operation aimed at displaying the qualities of products, this chapter invites us to reflect on the labelling of prices. It proposes to study the technology as well as the micro-politics of price labelling in the long-term history of American grocery stores. The chapter relies on a study of the trade journal The Progressive Grocer from 1922 to 2016. It examines how various developments in labelling technologies, like sticker labels, price guns, printed price tags and UPC codes changed the division of labour between manufacturers and retailers in terms of product valuation and qualification and thus contributed to redefining not only the visibility of prices in market scenes and supply chains, but also the economics of the underlying qualities.
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| 10. |
- Diaz Ruiz, Carlos A., et al.
(författare)
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Feral segmentation: How cultural intermediaries perform market segmentation in the wild
- 2020
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Ingår i: Marketing Theory. - : SAGE Publications (UK and US). - 1741-301X .- 1470-5931. ; 20:4, s. 429-457
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This article extends the S-T-P framework of market segmentation (i.e. segmentation, targeting, and positioning), showing that firms have more sources of segments than previously acknowledged, including the option of integrating feral segments that emerge publicly in the marketplace. While the S-T-P framework currently focuses on ad hoc segmentation tailored for a focal firm and syndicated segmentation made for commercialization to multiple firms, this article introduces feral segmentation in which cultural intermediaries (CIs) coin consumers categories through their familiarity with popular culture. Empirically, the article investigates how CIs constructed the lumbersexual segment, a neologism combining the narcissism of the metrosexual with the roughness of the lumberjack. The findings include a four-step feral segmentation process: (1) Establishing deviance-singling out anomalies that lower the explanatory power of existing segments. (2) Prototyping-sketching profiles that enhance familiarity and allow identification. (3) Anchoring-attaching the segment into public discussions. (4) Vaccination-coining preemptive validations against criticism.
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