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Sökning: WFRF:(Knights David)

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1.
  • Chng, Kern Rei, et al. (författare)
  • Cartography of opportunistic pathogens and antibiotic resistance genes in a tertiary hospital environment
  • 2020
  • Ingår i: Nature Medicine. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1078-8956 .- 1546-170X. ; 26, s. 941-951
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Although disinfection is key to infection control, the colonization patterns and resistomes of hospital-environment microbes remain underexplored. We report the first extensive genomic characterization of microbiomes, pathogens and antibiotic resistance cassettes in a tertiary-care hospital, from repeated sampling (up to 1.5 years apart) of 179 sites associated with 45 beds. Deep shotgun metagenomics unveiled distinct ecological niches of microbes and antibiotic resistance genes characterized by biofilm-forming and human-microbiome-influenced environments with corresponding patterns of spatiotemporal divergence. Quasi-metagenomics with nanopore sequencing provided thousands of high-contiguity genomes, phage and plasmid sequences (>60% novel), enabling characterization of resistome and mobilome diversity and dynamic architectures in hospital environments. Phylogenetics identified multidrug-resistant strains as being widely distributed and stably colonizing across sites. Comparisons with clinical isolates indicated that such microbes can persist in hospitals for extended periods (>8 years), to opportunistically infect patients. These findings highlight the importance of characterizing antibiotic resistance reservoirs in hospitals and establish the feasibility of systematic surveys to target resources for preventing infections. Spatiotemporal characterization of microbial diversity and antibiotic resistance in a tertiary-care hospital reveals broad distribution and persistence of antibiotic-resistant organisms that could cause opportunistic infections in a healthcare setting.
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2.
  • Danko, David, et al. (författare)
  • A global metagenomic map of urban microbiomes and antimicrobial resistance
  • 2021
  • Ingår i: Cell. - : Elsevier BV. - 0092-8674 .- 1097-4172. ; 184:13, s. 3376-3393
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • We present a global atlas of 4,728 metagenomic samples from mass-transit systems in 60 cities over 3 years, representing the first systematic, worldwide catalog of the urban microbial ecosystem. This atlas provides an annotated, geospatial profile of microbial strains, functional characteristics, antimicrobial resistance (AMR) markers, and genetic elements, including 10,928 viruses, 1,302 bacteria, 2 archaea, and 838,532 CRISPR arrays not found in reference databases. We identified 4,246 known species of urban microorganisms and a consistent set of 31 species found in 97% of samples that were distinct from human commensal organisms. Profiles of AMR genes varied widely in type and density across cities. Cities showed distinct microbial taxonomic signatures that were driven by climate and geographic differences. These results constitute a high-resolution global metagenomic atlas that enables discovery of organisms and genes, highlights potential public health and forensic applications, and provides a culture-independent view of AMR burden in cities.
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3.
  • Niemi, MEK, et al. (författare)
  • 2021
  • swepub:Mat__t
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4.
  • Bergström, Ola, 1968, et al. (författare)
  • Organizational discourse and subjective: Subjectification during processes of recruitment
  • 2006
  • Ingår i: Human Relations. - : SAGE Publications. - 0018-7267 .- 1741-282X. ; 59:3, s. 351-377
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • This article seeks to contribute to the debate on the relationship between organizational discourses and subjectivity, revolving around whether organizational discourses determine individual subjectivity and the extent to which there is room for human agency. It does so by providing empirical illustrations of how organizational discourses constitute subjectivity during processes of recruitment in a large American consultancy firm operating in Sweden. The analysis illustrates how interviewers, by various discursive moves, initiate, support, control and follow up candidates’ decision to join the company, as if it was an independent choice to join. Findings suggest that to the extent that subjectification takes place during the recruitment process it is dependent on the candidate’s use and acceptance of organizational discourses as expressions of their own motives for working at the company. These findings have implications for the understanding of the relationship between organizational discourses and individual subjectivity and how subjectification processes may be studied in other practices and organizations. It argues that subjectification is an effect of the interaction between human agency and organizational discourses rather than in the determination of one to the other. Any attempt to analyse the impact of organizational discourse on individual subjectivity must take into account the possibility that subjects actively take part in their own self-construction and that this construction is produced in social interaction.
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6.
  • Binnewies, Julia, et al. (författare)
  • Associations of depression and regional brain structure across the adult lifespan : Pooled analyses of six population-based and two clinical cohort studies in the European Lifebrain consortium
  • 2022
  • Ingår i: NeuroImage. - : Elsevier. - 2213-1582. ; 36
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Objective: Major depressive disorder has been associated with lower prefrontal thickness and hippocampal volume, but it is unknown whether this association also holds for depressive symptoms in the general population. We investigated associations of depressive symptoms and depression status with brain structures across population-based and patient-control cohorts, and explored whether these associations are similar over the lifespan and across sexes.Methods: We included 3,447 participants aged 18–89 years from six population-based and two clinical patient-control cohorts of the European Lifebrain consortium. Cross-sectional meta-analyses using individual person data were performed for associations of depressive symptoms and depression status with FreeSurfer-derived thickness of bilateral rostral anterior cingulate cortex (rACC) and medial orbitofrontal cortex (mOFC), and hippocampal and total grey matter volume (GMV), separately for population-based and clinical cohorts.Results: Across patient-control cohorts, depressive symptoms and presence of mild-to-severe depression were associated with lower mOFC thickness (rsymptoms = −0.15/ rstatus = −0.22), rACC thickness (rsymptoms = −0.20/ rstatus = −0.25), hippocampal volume (rsymptoms = −0.13/ rstatus = 0.13) and total GMV (rsymptoms = −0.21/ rstatus = −0.25). Effect sizes were slightly larger for presence of moderate-to-severe depression. Associations were similar across age groups and sex. Across population-based cohorts, no associations between depression and brain structures were observed.Conclusions: Fitting with previous meta-analyses, depressive symptoms and depression status were associated with lower mOFC, rACC thickness, and hippocampal and total grey matter volume in clinical patient-control cohorts, although effect sizes were small. The absence of consistent associations in population-based cohorts with mostly mild depressive symptoms, suggests that significantly lower thickness and volume of the studied brain structures are only detectable in clinical populations with more severe depressive symptoms.
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8.
  • Eriksson-Zetterquist, Ulla, 1967, et al. (författare)
  • Stories about men implementing and resisting new technologies
  • 2004
  • Ingår i: New Technology, Work and Employment, Blackwell Publishing, Inc.. - 0268-1072. ; 19:3, s. 192-206
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • In this article the literature on masculinity, gender and technology/science provides the context for discussing two case studies where new information technology has recently been introduced. The empirical material is counter-intuitive to the general understanding that technology reflects and reinforces men’s masculinity and the article provides a variety of theoretical interpretations for these findings.
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9.
  • Eriksson-Zetterquist, Ulla, 1967, et al. (författare)
  • Stories about men resisting new technology
  • 2003
  • Ingår i: Gender, Work and Organization conference, Keele 25-27 June, 2003.
  • Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)
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