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Sökning: WFRF:(Kober Lars) > Naturvetenskap

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1.
  • Kocherbitov, Vitaly, et al. (författare)
  • Hydration of a natural polyelectrolyte xanthan gum : Comparison with non-ionic carbohydrates
  • 2010
  • Ingår i: Carbohydrate Polymers. - : Elsevier. - 0144-8617 .- 1879-1344. ; 82:2, s. 284-290
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • In dilute solutions, polyelectrolytes exhibit more hydrophilic properties than non-charged polymers do. However, extension of this statement on almost dry systems is questionable. In this study we present sorption calorimetric data on hydration of a natural carbohydrate polyelectrolyte xanthan gum and make comparison with analogous data of three types of cellulose which is a non-charged carbohydrate polymer. An analysis of the sorption isotherm shows that at given relative humidities xanthan gum absorbs greater amount of water than non-charged cellulose does. Nonetheless, the enthalpies of hydration of xanthan gum and of all three considered types of cellulose at zero water content are equal to −18 kJ/mol. Thus, entropy of hydration plays an important role in water sorption behaviour of xanthan gum. The apparent absence of an ion effect on polymer–water interactions can be explained by solvation of ions by OH-groups of the dry xanthan gum. Ab initio calculations presented here show that solvation of an ionic group of xanthan gum by a carbohydrate hydroxyl is as strong as hydration of the same group by water. The exothermic heat effect of hydration arises from the loss of the mobility of water on the rigid glassy environment of the polymer. For the first time, the glass transition temperature of dry xanthan gum is reported to be 60 °C.
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2.
  • Shah, S, et al. (författare)
  • Genome-wide association and Mendelian randomisation analysis provide insights into the pathogenesis of heart failure
  • 2020
  • Ingår i: Nature communications. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 2041-1723. ; 11:1, s. 163-
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Heart failure (HF) is a leading cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. A small proportion of HF cases are attributable to monogenic cardiomyopathies and existing genome-wide association studies (GWAS) have yielded only limited insights, leaving the observed heritability of HF largely unexplained. We report results from a GWAS meta-analysis of HF comprising 47,309 cases and 930,014 controls. Twelve independent variants at 11 genomic loci are associated with HF, all of which demonstrate one or more associations with coronary artery disease (CAD), atrial fibrillation, or reduced left ventricular function, suggesting shared genetic aetiology. Functional analysis of non-CAD-associated loci implicate genes involved in cardiac development (MYOZ1, SYNPO2L), protein homoeostasis (BAG3), and cellular senescence (CDKN1A). Mendelian randomisation analysis supports causal roles for several HF risk factors, and demonstrates CAD-independent effects for atrial fibrillation, body mass index, and hypertension. These findings extend our knowledge of the pathways underlying HF and may inform new therapeutic strategies.
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