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- Key, T. J., et al.
(författare)
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Steroid hormone measurements from different types of assays in relation to body mass index and breast cancer risk in postmenopausal women: Reanalysis of eighteen prospective studies
- 2015
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Ingår i: Steroids. - : Elsevier BV. - 0039-128X. ; 99, s. 49-55
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Epidemiological studies have examined breast cancer risk in relation to sex hormone concentrations measured by different methods: "extraction" immunoassays (with prior purification by organic solvent extraction, with or without column chromatography), "direct" immunoassays (no prior extraction or column chromatography), and more recently with mass spectrometry-based assays. We describe the associations of estradiol, estrone and testosterone with both body mass index and breast cancer risk in postmenopausal women according to assay method, using data from a collaborative pooled analysis of 18 prospective studies. In general, hormone concentrations were highest in studies that used direct assays and lowest in studies that used mass spectrometry-based assays. Estradiol and estrone were strongly positively associated with body mass index, regardless of the assay method; testosterone was positively associated with body mass index for direct assays, but less clearly for extraction assays, and there were few data for mass spectrometry assays. The correlations of estradiol with body mass index, estrone and testosterone were lower for direct assays than for extraction and mass spectrometry assays, suggesting that the estimates from the direct assays were less precise. For breast cancer risk, all three hormones were strongly positively associated with risk regardless of assay method (except for testosterone by mass spectrometry where there were few data), with no statistically significant differences in the trends, but differences may emerge as new data accumulate. Future epidemiological and clinical research studies should continue to use the most accurate assays that are feasible within the design characteristics of each study.
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- Noethlings, U., et al.
(författare)
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Food intake of individuals with and without diabetes across different countries and ethnic groups
- 2011
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Ingår i: European Journal of Clinical Nutrition. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1476-5640 .- 0954-3007. ; 65:5, s. 635-641
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background/Objectives: Given the importance of nutrition therapy in diabetes management, we hypothesized that food intake differs between individuals with and without diabetes. We investigated this hypothesis in two large prospective studies including different countries and ethnic groups. Subjects/Methods: Study populations were the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition Study (EPIC) and the Multiethnic Cohort Study (MEC). Dietary intake was assessed by food frequency questionnaires, and calibrated using 24h-recall information for the EPIC Study. Only confirmed self-reports of diabetes at cohort entry were included: 6192 diabetes patients in EPIC and 13 776 in the MEC. For the cross-sectional comparison of food intake and lifestyle variables at baseline, individuals with and without diabetes were matched 1: 1 on sex, age in 5-year categories, body mass index in 2.5 kg/m(2) categories and country. Results: Higher intake of soft drinks (by 13 and 44% in the EPIC and MEC), and lower consumption of sweets, juice, wine and beer (> 10% difference) were observed in participants with diabetes compared with those without. Consumption of vegetables, fish and meat was slightly higher in individuals with diabetes in both studies, but the differences were <10%. Findings were more consistent across different ethnic groups than countries, but generally showed largely similar patterns. Conclusions: Although diabetes patients are expected to undergo nutritional education, we found only small differences in dietary behavior in comparison with cohort members without diabetes. These findings suggest that emphasis on education is needed to improve the current behaviors to assist in the prevention of complications. European Journal of Clinical Nutrition (2011) 65, 635-641; doi: 10.1038/ejcn.2011.11; published online 23 February 2011
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