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- Ingolfsson, Olafur, et al.
(författare)
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Glacial geological studies of surge-type glaciers in Iceland — Research
- 2016
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Ingår i: Earth-Science Reviews. - : Elsevier BV. - 0012-8252. ; 152, s. 37-69
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Surging glaciers are potential analogues for land-terminating palaeo-ice streams and surging ice sheet lobes, and research on surge-type glaciers is important for understanding the causal mechanisms of modern and past ice sheet instabilities. The geomorphic signatures left by the Icelandic surge-type glaciers vary and range from glaciotectonic end moraines formed by folding and thrusting, crevasse-squeeze ridges, concertina eskers, drumlins and fluted forefields, to extensive dead-ice fields and even drift sheets where fast ice-flow indicators are largely missing. We outline some outstanding research questions and review case studies from the surge-type outlets of Brúarjökull, Eyjabakkajökull and Tungnaárjökull (Vatnajökull ice cap), Múlajökull and Sátujökull (Hofsjökull ice cap), Hagafellsjökull and Suðurjökull (Langjökull ice cap), Kaldalónsjökull, Leirufjarðarjökull and Reykjarfjarðarjökull (Drangajökull ice cap), as well as the surge-type cirque glaciers in northern Iceland. We review the current understanding of how rapid ice flow is sustained throughout the surge, the processes that control the development of the surge-type glacier landsystem and the geological evidence of surges found in sediments and landforms. We also examine if it is possible to reconstruct past surge flow rates from glacial landforms and sediments and scale-up present-day surge processes, landforms and landsystems as modern analogues to past ice streams. Finally,we also examine if there is a climate/mass-balance control on surge initiation, duration and frequency.
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- Mulvany, M J, et al.
(författare)
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Potentiating and depressive effects of ouabain and potassium-free solutions on rat mesenteric resistance vessels.
- 1982
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Ingår i: Circulation research. - 0009-7330. ; 51:4, s. 514-24
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We have investigated the in vitro effects of ouabain and K-free solutions on some pharmacological and electrophysiological properties of rat mesenteric resistance vessels (internal diameter approximately 190 micrometers). Vessels were mounted as ring preparations on a myograph capable of measuring their isometric wall tension. In normal saline solutions, vessels did not exhibit any tone and had a membrane potential of -54 mV. Both 1 mM ouabain and K-free solutions caused a transient depolarization of 5-8 mV; thereafter the membrane slowly depolarized to about -45 mV after 30 minutes. There was no mechanical response to ouabain, but K-free solutions caused a transient development of tension which could be inhibited by phentolamine (1 microM). In norepinephrine-activated vessels, exposure to ouabain or K-free solutions caused a small depolarization and an increase in tension. Long-term (30-minute) exposure to 1 mM ouabain or K-free solutions reduced the amplitude of norepinephrine responses and, for the lower (but not the higher) norepinephrine concentrations, the membranes were about 14 mV more depolarized than control. The mechanical responses to a cocktail of norepinephrine in a high potassium solution were, however, unaffected. Re-exposure to normal saline solution produced a transient hyperpolarization and transiently eliminated the norepinephrine response, but thereafter the membrane potential and response returned to normal. The results indicate that ouabain and K-free solutions can have both short-term potentiating and long-term depressive effects on the mechanical response of rat mesenteric resistance vessels to norepinephrine.
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- Sanders, Hanne, et al.
(författare)
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Religious Revivalism in Sweden and Denmark
- 2015
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Ingår i: Builiding the Nation: N.F.S. Grundtvig and Danish National Identity. - 9780773544062 ; , s. 94-109
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Bokkapitel (refereegranskat)
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