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- Bromander, Sara, et al.
(författare)
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Cerebrospinal fluid insulin during non-neurological surgery.
- 2010
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Ingår i: J Neural Transm (Vienna, Austria:1996). - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1435-1463 .- 0300-9564. ; 20, s. 328-329
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Insulin plays an important metabolic and transmitter role in the central nervous system, but few studies have investigated the relationship between central and peripheral insulin concentrations. 35 patients undergoing knee surgery had cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) samples drawn before, 3 h after, and in the morning following surgery. Serum insulin concentrations increased after surgery and CSF insulin concentrations changed in the same direction with far smaller amplitude. These results indicate that the blood-brain barrier protects the brain from stress-induced peripheral hormonal fluctuations.
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| 2. |
- Dåderman, Anna Maria, 1953-, et al.
(författare)
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Flunitrazepam intake in male offenders
- 2012
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Ingår i: Nordic Journal of Psychiatry. - : Informa Healthcare. - 0803-9488 .- 1502-4725. ; 66:2, s. 131-140
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The abuse of flunitrazepam (FZ) compounds is worldwide, and several studies have reflected on the consequences with regard to violence, aggression and criminal lifestyle of FZ users. Criminals take high doses of FZ or some other benzodiazepines to "calm down" before the planned crime. There is support from earlier studies that most likely, all benzodiazepines may increase aggression in vulnerable males. Chronic intake of high doses of FZ increases aggression in male rats. Because psychopathy involves aggression, we have examined whether psychopathy as well as any of the four facets of the Psychopathy Checklist-Revised (PCL-R) (Interpersonal, Affective, Lifestyle and Antisocial) are related to different substance use disorders, with the focus on FZ. We have also examined the relationship between each PCL-R item and FZ use. Participants were 114 male offenders aged 14-35 years, all of whom were convicted for severe, predominantly violent, offences. Substance use, including FZ, was not more common in those who scored high in psychopathy. Use of FZ was more common in offenders who scored high in Facet 4 (Antisocial) of the PCL-R (odds ratio = 4.30, 95% CI 1.86-9.94). Only one of the PCL-R items, "Criminal versatility", was significantly associated with FZ use (odds ratio = 3.7). It may be concluded that intake of FZ has a specific relationship to only one of the facets and not to psychopathy per se. ; The findings have also important theoretical implications because Facet 4 is not a key factor of the construct of psychopathy. Clinical implications of the article: We have used the new two-factor and four-facet theoretical model of psychopathy in the young offender population, many of them with one or more substance use disorders. The present results suggest that antisocial behavior defined by Facet 4 (poor behavioral control, early behavior problems, juvenile delinquency, revocation of conditional release and criminal versatility) in the studied subjects is more typical for FZ users than it is for non-FZ users. This may have implications for assessment and treatment. Clinicians should be aware that criminals with high scores on Facet 4 have a more than fourfold odds of being a FZ user. This conclusion has an important clinical implication because FZ abuse is very common and is not always the focus of a forensic psychiatric assessment. ;
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| 3. |
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| 4. |
- Nilsson, Thomas, 1954, et al.
(författare)
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Neurochemical measures co-vary with personality traits: Forensic psychiatric findings replicated in a general population sample
- 2010
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Ingår i: Psychiatry Research. - : Elsevier BV. - 1872-7123 .- 0165-1781. ; 178:3, s. 525-530
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Neurobiological markers in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and in serum, previously found to co-vary with destructive personality traits in violent offenders, were explored in a general population sample of 21 patients undergoing knee surgery. Results on the Karolinska Scales of Personality (KSP) and the Temperament and Character Inventory (TCI) were compared with CSF/serum albumin ratios and serum concentrations of beta-trace protein (beta TP) (as markers for blood-brain barrier (BBB) permeability), to CSF/serum albumin ratios between the dopamine and serotonin metabolites homovanillic acid (HVA)/5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid (HIM) and to CSF and serum ratios between activated thyroid hormone (T3) and its precursor T4. Serum beta TP concentrations correlated with CSF/serum albumin ratios (P=0.018), but not with preoperative serum creatinine concentrations. Serum beta TP correlated significantly with Monotony Avoidance and Impulsiveness: CSF HVA/5-HIAA ratios with Irritability and low Cooperativeness. The beta TP is a potential serum marker for the integrity of the BBB that does not necessitate lumbar puncture. Thyroid hormones did not correlate with personality traits. As reported in forensic psychiatric patients, aggressive, unempathic personality traits were thus associated with increased dopaminergic activity in relation to the serotonergic activity and impulsivity to increased BBB permeability also in a general population group. (C) 2010 Elsevier Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved.
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