| 1. |
- Caman, Shilan, et al.
(författare)
-
Differentiating Male and Female Intimate Partner Homicide Perpetrators : A Study of Social, Criminological and Clinical Factors
- 2016
-
Ingår i: International Journal of Forensic Mental Health. - : Informa UK Limited. - 1499-9013 .- 1932-9903. ; 15:1, s. 26-34
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- It is recognized that the majority of intimate partner homicide (IPH) victims are female; simultaneously, when females do commit homicide, they are more likely to perpetrate against an intimate partner. To date, there are only a few studies that discuss IPH across gender, leading to a gap of knowledge with regard to gender aspects of perpetration. The present nationwide study has a retrospective design, based on registries of all female (n = 9) and stratified male (n = 36) IPH committed in Sweden between 2007 and 2009. Our study suggests that female perpetrators are more likely to be unemployed, to have suffered from a substance abuse disorder at some point in life and to have been victimized by the victim. In other words, scrutiny of these characteristics reveals that females who commit partner-related homicides are qualitatively and clinically different from their male counterparts. Furthermore, the prevailing feature of intoxication in connection to the crime, both in male and female perpetrators, indicates that perpetrators might benefit from elements of substance abuse treatment in interventions targeting partner violence.
|
|
| 2. |
- Hedlund, Jonatan, et al.
(författare)
-
A population-based study on toxicological findings in Swedish homicide victims and offenders from 2007 to 2009
- 2014
-
Ingår i: Forensic Science International. - : Elsevier. - 0379-0738 .- 1872-6283. ; 244, s. 25-29
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background and objectives: Previous research on the toxicology of homicide has shown that about half of offenders and victims have psychoactive substances in their blood. The purpose of this study was to examine this topic in a Swedish setting. Methods: Toxicological data were sought in a database for all victims (n = 273) and perpetrators (n = 257) of homicide in Sweden from 2007 to 2009. Sufficient tests were identified for 97.1% of all victims (n = 265) and 46.7% of all offenders (n = 120). Additional information was obtained from court records and police reports. Results: A majority of individuals involved in homicides displayed positive toxicology (57.0% of victims and 62.5% of offenders). The most commonly detected substances, in both victims and offenders, were ethanol (44.9% vs. 40.8%) and benzodiazepines (8.3% vs. 19.2%). The difference between offenders and victims concerning benzodiazepines was statistically significant (OR 2.6; p = 0.002). Perpetrators of homicide-suicide had a lower prevalence of positive toxicology (30.8%) than other homicide offenders (66.4%; p = 0.04) and victims in unsolved cases more often exhibited positive drug toxicology compared to victims in solved cases (36.1% vs. 8.3%; p less than 0.001). Conclusions: The results of the study support the notion that substance abuse is firmly linked to committing homicide and to becoming a victim thereof.
|
|
| 3. |
|
|
| 4. |
- Kristiansson, Marianne, et al.
(författare)
-
Sekretess hinder för hantering av högriskindivider.
- 2014
-
Ingår i: Svenska Dagbladet. - 1101-2412. ; :21 nov 2014
-
Tidskriftsartikel (populärvet., debatt m.m.)abstract
- För att olika myndigheter ska kunna samverka när det gäller personer med psykisk sjukdom som riskerar att begå brott, krävs att nuvarande sekretessbestämmelser förändras.
|
|
| 5. |
- Persson, Mats, et al.
(författare)
-
Self-reported violent ideation and its link to interpersonal violence among offenders with mental disorders and general psychiatric patients
- 2018
-
Ingår i: Psychiatry Research. - : ELSEVIER IRELAND LTD. - 0165-1781 .- 1872-7123. ; 261, s. 197-203
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This study aims at comparing mentally disordered offenders and general psychiatric patients regarding violent ideation and at exploring its association with interpersonal violence. We recruited 200 detainees undergoing forensic psychiatric evaluation and 390 general psychiatric patients at discharge. At baseline, they were asked about violent ideation; at the 20-week follow-up, information about violent acts was gathered from crime conviction registry, interviews, and records. The lifetime prevalence of violent ideation was 32.5% for offenders and 35.6% for patients; the corresponding two-month prevalence was 22.5% and 21.0%, respectively. For the both samples combined, those with violent ideation in their lifetime were significantly more prone to commit violent acts during follow-up than those without such ideation, OR = 2.65. The same applied to the patient sample, OR = 3.41. In terms of positive predictive values, fewer than 25% of those with violent ideation committed violent acts. Contrary to our hypothesis, the prevalence of violent ideation did not differ significantly between offenders and patients. However, there was support for the hypothesized association between violent ideation and violent acts on a group level. On an individual level, the clinician should consider additional factors when assessing the risk for violent acts.
|
|
| 6. |
- Sturup, Joakim, et al.
(författare)
-
Risk assessments and recidivism among a population-based group of Swedish offenders sentenced to life in prison
- 2016
-
Ingår i: CBMH. Criminal behaviour and mental health. - : Wiley. - 0957-9664 .- 1471-2857. ; 26:2, s. 124-135
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BackgroundIn Sweden, the number of people serving life sentences has steadily increased. To date, few studies have examined the recidivism rate or the predictive validity of different risk assessment instruments in this group. AimsOur aim was to test the predictive validity among inmates serving life sentences of two different instruments used for assessing riskthe Historical, Clinical and Risk Management-20 (HCR-20), most widely used in clinical populations, and the Psychopathy Checklist-Revised (PCL-R), commonly applied in both penal and clinical settings. MethodNinety-eight life-sentenced prisoners were included, 26 of whom were released during the study period. Data on risk assessments and dates for release were collected from administrative records, while recidivism data were retrieved from a national database on criminal convictions. ResultsSex offenders obtained the highest scores and inmates charged with domestic violent offences obtained the lowest scores on both instruments. The released prisoners were followed for a mean period of 33months. During this time five prisoners (19%) reoffended, four of them violently, with an average time to recidivism of 10months. Only PCL-R Facet 4, which reflects antisocial features, was significantly associated with recidivism. ConclusionsThis small, but population-based, study demonstrates that antisocial behaviour shows incremental predictive validity for reoffending among life-sentenced offenders, but other measures have little to add for this specific task. The fact that those life sentenced prisoners who reoffended did so so soon after release should prompt allocation of earlier interventions towards preventing this.
|
|
| 7. |
- Sturup, Joakim, et al.
(författare)
-
Unsolved homicides in Sweden : A population-based study of 264 homicides
- 2015
-
Ingår i: Forensic Science International. - : Elsevier BV. - 0379-0738 .- 1872-6283. ; 257, s. 106-113
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The clearance rates for homicides have decreased internationally. This retrospective population-based study of all Swedish homicide incidents between 2007 and 2009 (n = 264) aims to investigate factors associated with solvability in homicides. Victims were identified in an autopsy registry and offenders in a criminal-conviction registry. Autopsy reports, police files, court verdicts and criminal records were systematically collected and linked. The clearance rate was 86.4% (n = 228), and almost three quarters of cases (71.9%) were solved within the first week. Nine factors were significantly associated with the case status; however, only four factors remained significant in the multivariate logistic-regression model. Cases were more likely to be solved if there was an eyewitness and if the victim was intoxicated with alcohol. Moreover, cases were less likely to be solved if the victim had a criminal record in the past five years and was killed by a firearm. In the final model, a Cox proportional-hazards model, where time to arrest was taken into account, only alcohol intoxication were positively and firearms negatively significantly associated with clearance status. The study concludes that cases involving these factors should be granted extra, intensive and lasting resources.
|
|
| 8. |
- Sturup, Joakim, et al.
(författare)
-
Violent behaviour by general psychiatric patients in Sweden - validation of Classification of Violence Risk (COVR) software.
- 2011
-
Ingår i: Psychiatry Research. - : Elsevier. - 0165-1781 .- 1872-7123. ; 188:1, s. 161-5
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The objectives of the study are to report the 20-week base rate of violent behaviour in the community among a general psychiatric patient population from Stockholm and to establish the validity of a violence risk assessment software program, Classification of Violence Risk (COVR), in a European setting. Three hundred and thirty one patients at two psychiatric hospitals in Stockholm were interviewed upon discharge. Telephone interviews with the patients and collaterals were conducted 10 and 20 weeks later. The violent behaviour was also measured through a national criminal register. The allocation of patients into different risk groups according to COVR software was compared with the occurrence of actual acts of violence during the follow-up. The base rate of violent behaviour was 5.7% and a ROC-analysis showed that the AUC for COVR was 0.77. Since there were few patients in the high risk groups, the 95% confidence interval for the proportion of violent patients was wide. The base rate of violent behaviour is relatively low in Sweden and prediction is therefore difficult. The predictive validity of COVR software is comparable to other risk assessment tools.
|
|
| 9. |
- Sygel, Kristina, et al.
(författare)
-
The effect of gender on the outcome of forensic psychiatric assessment in Sweden : A case vignette study
- 2017
-
Ingår i: CBMH. Criminal behaviour and mental health. - : Wiley. - 0957-9664 .- 1471-2857. ; 27:2, s. 124-135
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BackgroundPrevious research suggests that female violent offenders at risk of a prison sentence are more likely than their male counterparts to be assessed as having mental health problems of a nature or degree that would lead to a court requirement for hospital treatment.Aims/hypothesesTo test the hypothesis that there is bias towards hospital disposal of female compared with male violent offenders with mental disorder.MethodsIn Sweden, the National Board of Forensic Medicine oversees all assessments of mental disorder for the criminal courts. Twenty-six Board appointed forensic psychiatrists, psychologists and social workers each independently assessed six case vignettes for fit with criteria for ‘severe mental disorder’, a prerequisite for hospital disposal from court. Each gender neutral vignette described a person who had been convicted of serious assault and had a major mental disorder. A gender was then assigned to each offender randomly within a block design, thus varying between sets. Participants were blind to the main aim of the study and the gender variation.ResultsThere was no significant association between gender of the person assessed and judgement that s/he had a ‘severe mental disorder’. An offender depicted as having mental retardation was more likely to be assessed as at high risk of criminal recidivism if portrayed as female, regardless of the sex, place of work or level of experience of the assessor.ConclusionWe found no evidence of gender bias in determining appropriateness of a hospital disposal of an offender with mental disorder. The difference in assessment of recidivism according to sex of the patient was only in relation to mental retardation; further research would be needed to able to interpret this. As researchers in other countries have reported gender bias in disposals from court, our findings may provide support for a centralised forensic psychiatric assessment board and formal, on-going training.
|
|
