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| 2. |
- Olalde, I., et al.
(författare)
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The Beaker phenomenon and the genomic transformation of northwest Europe
- 2018
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Ingår i: Nature. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0028-0836 .- 1476-4687. ; 555:7695, s. 190-196
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- From around 2750 to 2500 bc, Bell Beaker pottery became widespread across western and central Europe, before it disappeared between 2200 and 1800 bc. The forces that propelled its expansion are a matter of long-standing debate, and there is support for both cultural diffusion and migration having a role in this process. Here we present genome-wide data from 400 Neolithic, Copper Age and Bronze Age Europeans, including 226 individuals associated with Beaker-complex artefacts. We detected limited genetic affinity between Beaker-complex-associated individuals from Iberia and central Europe, and thus exclude migration as an important mechanism of spread between these two regions. However, migration had a key role in the further dissemination of the Beaker complex. We document this phenomenon most clearly in Britain, where the spread of the Beaker complex introduced high levels of steppe-related ancestry and was associated with the replacement of approximately 90% of Britain's gene pool within a few hundred years, continuing the east-to-west expansion that had brought steppe-related ancestry into central and northern Europe over the previous centuries.
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| 3. |
- Librado, P., et al.
(författare)
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The origins and spread of domestic horses from the Western Eurasian steppes
- 2021
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Ingår i: Nature. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0028-0836 .- 1476-4687. ; 598
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Analysis of 273 ancient horse genomes reveals that modern domestic horses originated in the Western Eurasian steppes, especially the lower Volga-Don region. Domestication of horses fundamentally transformed long-range mobility and warfare(1). However, modern domesticated breeds do not descend from the earliest domestic horse lineage associated with archaeological evidence of bridling, milking and corralling(2-4) at Botai, Central Asia around 3500 bc(3). Other longstanding candidate regions for horse domestication, such as Iberia(5) and Anatolia(6), have also recently been challenged. Thus, the genetic, geographic and temporal origins of modern domestic horses have remained unknown. Here we pinpoint the Western Eurasian steppes, especially the lower Volga-Don region, as the homeland of modern domestic horses. Furthermore, we map the population changes accompanying domestication from 273 ancient horse genomes. This reveals that modern domestic horses ultimately replaced almost all other local populations as they expanded rapidly across Eurasia from about 2000 bc, synchronously with equestrian material culture, including Sintashta spoke-wheeled chariots. We find that equestrianism involved strong selection for critical locomotor and behavioural adaptations at the GSDMC and ZFPM1 genes. Our results reject the commonly held association(7) between horseback riding and the massive expansion of Yamnaya steppe pastoralists into Europe around 3000 bc(8,9) driving the spread of Indo-European languages(10). This contrasts with the scenario in Asia where Indo-Iranian languages, chariots and horses spread together, following the early second millennium bc Sintashta culture(11,12).
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| 4. |
- Ineichen, BV, et al.
(författare)
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Dilated Virchow-Robin Spaces are a Marker for Arterial Disease in Multiple Sclerosis
- 2023
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Ingår i: bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology. - : Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory.
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Tidskriftsartikel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Virchow-Robin spaces (VRS) have been associated with neurodegeneration and neuroinflammation. However, it remains uncertain to what degree non-dilated or dilated VRS reflect specific features of neuroinflammatory pathology. Thus, we aimed at investigating the clinical relevance of VRS as imaging biomarker in multiple sclerosis (MS) and to correlate VRS to their histopathologic signature. In a cohort study comprising 205 MS patients (including a validation cohort) and 30 control subjects, we assessed the association of non-dilated and dilated VRS to clinical and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) out-comes. Brain blocks from 6 MS patients and 3 non-MS controls were histopathologically processed to correlate VRS to their tissue substrate. The count of dilated centrum semiovale VRS was associated with increased T1 and T2 lesion volumes. There was no systematic spatial colocalization of dilated VRS with MS lesions. At tissue level, VRS mostly corresponded to arteries and were not associated with MS pathological hallmarks. Interestingly, dilated VRS in MS were associated with signs of small vessel disease. Contrary to prior beliefs, these observations suggest that VRS in MS do not associate with accumulation of immune cells. But instead, these findings indicate vascular pathology as a driver and/or consequence of neuroinflammatory pathology for this imaging feature.
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| 6. |
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| 7. |
- Luspay, T., et al.
(författare)
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Freeway ramp metering: an LPV set theoretical analysis
- 2011
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Ingår i: American Control Conference. - 0743-1619. - 9781457700804 ; , s. 733-738
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- The paper contributes to the set theoretic analysis of freeway traffic flow control by ramp metering.From the generic and discrete time non-linear second-order macroscopic dynamics of freeway, first, an equivalent, quasi Linear Parameter Varying (LPV) representation is derived by steady-state centering and factorization. Second, a polytopic LPV model form is obtained from the quasi reformulation of the non-linear problem statement. The latter polytopic LPV form is then used for the computation and analysis of distur- bance invariant sets. This framework is able to characterize constrained sets of states which can be reached by pure ramp metering control input signal respectively becomes invariant under the effect of other measured and unmeasured inputs.The application of disturbance invariant set theory clearly quantifies the set of states being invariant under the polytopic LPV dynamics and other physical constraints regardless to the open- and closed-loop nature of the system.The proposed idea is fully based on the analysis of the (transformed) non-linear macroscopic system and aims at filling the gap between the traffic modelling and quantitative freeway ramp metering.
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| 8. |
- Luspay, T., et al.
(författare)
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Parameter-dependent modeling of freeway traffic flow
- 2010
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Ingår i: Transportation Research, Part C: Emerging Technologies. - : Elsevier BV. - 0968-090X. ; 18:4, s. 471-488
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In the paper a novel non-linear modeling formalism is suggested for freeway traffic flow. A second-order macroscopic model has been transformed into a Linear Parameter Varying (LPV) model. The paper proposes two LPV descriptions for traffic modeling: the first one covers completely the non-linear macroscopic dynamics, while the second one is an approximate description. Real test field topology and measurement data are used for validating the proposed modeling methodology. Simulation examples are given to compare real detector measurements, non-linear and the parameter-dependent responses.
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| 9. |
- Luspay, T., et al.
(författare)
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Ramp metering for flow maximisation and emission reduction – a set-based multi-objective design approach
- 2017
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Ingår i: Transportation Research Procedia. - : Elsevier BV. - 2352-1465 .- 2352-1457. ; 27, s. 937-944
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- A set-theoretical approach is presented for a multi-objective control design of the local ramp metering problem. Two control objectives are specified: first, the optimization of traffic performance, by the minimization of total time spent.Second, the emission factor of CO2 is minimized. The optimal state for traffic emission however lies in the unstable domain of the system. To resolve this inconsistency, the control problem is formalized in a set-theoretical context. For this purpose, the nonlinear METANET model is rewritten in a shifted coordinate frame in a parameter-varying, polytopic representation. Bounds on state-, input- and disturbance variables are expressed by convex polytopes. These sets are then used for the design of an interpolated H∞ controller that is capable of improving traffic conditions according to the prescribed multi-objective criteria.
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| 10. |
- Luspay, T., et al.
(författare)
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Set-based multi-objective control of metered ramps at ring road junctions
- 2020
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Ingår i: Transportmetrica A: Transport Science. - : Informa UK Limited. - 2324-9943 .- 2324-9935. ; 16:2, s. 337-357
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- A set-theoretical approach is presented for a multi-objective control design of the local ramp metering problem. Two control objectives are specified: first, the optimization of traffic performance, by the minimization of total time spent. Second, the emission factor of CO2 needs to be minimized. The optimal state for traffic emission however lies in the unstable domain of the dynamic system. To dissolve this inconsistency, the control problem is formalized for the multi-objective optimization problem by using set-theoretical methods. For this purpose, the non-linear model METANET is rewritten in a shifted coordinate frame with a parameter-varying, polytopic representation. Bounds on state-, input- and disturbance variables are expressed by convex polytopes. These sets are then used for the design of an interpolated Hinf controller that is capable of improving traffic conditions according to the prescribed multi-objective criteria
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