| 1. |
- Humphrey, Louise, et al.
(författare)
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The Caregiver Burden Questionnaire for Heart Failure (CBQ-HF) : face and content validity
- 2013
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Ingår i: Health and Quality of Life Outcomes. - : BioMed Central. - 1477-7525. ; 11:1, s. 84-
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BackgroundA new caregiver burden questionnaire for heart failure (CBQ-HF v1.0) was developed based on previously conducted qualitative interviews with HF caregivers and with input from HF clinical experts. Version 1.0 of the CBQ-HF included 41 items measuring the burden associated with caregiving in the following domains: physical, emotional/psychological, social, and impact on caregiver’s life. Following initial development, the next stage was to evaluate caregivers’ understanding of the questionnaire items and their conceptual relevance.MethodsTo evaluate the face and content validity of the new questionnaire, cognitive interviews were conducted with caregivers of heart failure patients. The cognitive interviews included a “think aloud” exercise as the patient completed the CBQ-HF, followed by more specific probing questions to better understand caregivers’ understanding, interpretation and the relevance of the instructions, items, response scales and recall period.ResultsEighteen caregivers of heart failure patients were recruited. The mean age of the caregivers was 50 years (SD = 10.2). Eighty-three percent of caregivers were female and most commonly the patient was either a spouse (44%) or a parent (28%). Among the patients 55% were NYHA Class 2 and 45% were NYHA Class 3 or 4. The caregiver cognitive interviews demonstrated that the CBQ-HF was well understood, relevant and consistently interpreted. From the initial 41 item questionnaire, fifteen items were deleted due to conceptual overlap and/or item redundancy. The final 26-item CBQ-HF (v3.0) uses a 5-point Likert severity scale, assessing 4 domains of physical, emotional/psychological, social and lifestyle burdens using a 4-week recall period.ConclusionsThe CBQ-HF (v3.0) is a comprehensive and relevant measure of subjective caregiver burden with strong content validity. This study has established that the CBQ-HF (v3.0) has strong face and content validity and should be valuable as an outcomes measure to help understand and monitor the relationship between patient heart failure severity and caregiver burden. A Translatability AssessmentSM of the measure has since been performed confirming the cultural appropriateness of the measure and psychometric validation is planned for the future to further explore the reliability, and validity of the new questionnaire in a larger caregiver sample.
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| 2. |
- Härdén, Marie, 1964, et al.
(författare)
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Validity and reliability of a new, short symptom rating scale in patients with persistent atrial fibrillation
- 2009
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Ingår i: Health and Quality of Life Outcomes. ; 7:65, s. 1-10
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Abstract Background: Symptoms related to atrial fibrillation and their impact on health-related quality of life (HRQoL) are often evaluated in clinical trials. However, there remains a need for a properly validated instrument. We aimed to develop and validate a short symptoms scale for patients with AF. Methods: One hundred and eleven patients with a variety of symptoms related to AF were scheduled for DC cardioversion. The mean age was 67.1 ± 12.1 years, and 80% were men. The patients completed the new symptoms scale, the Toronto Symptoms Check List (SCL) and the generic Short Form 36 (SF-36) the day before the planned DC cardioversion. Compliance was excellent, with only 1 of 666 answers missing. Results: One item, 'limitations in working capability', was deleted because of a low numerical response rate, as many of the patients were retired. The internal consistency reliability of the remaining six items was 0.81 (Cronbach's α). Patients scored highest in the items of 'dyspnoea on exertion', 'limitations in daily life due to AF' and 'fatigue due to AF', with scores of 4.5, 3.3 and 4.5, respectively. There was a good correlation to all relevant SF-36 domains and to the relevant questions of the SCL. The Rasch analyses showed that the items are unidimensional and that they are clearly separated and cover an adequate range. Test-retest reliability was performed in patients who failed DC and was adequate for three of six items, >0.70. Conclusion: The psychometric characteristics of the new short symptoms scale were found to have satisfactory reliability and validity.
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| 3. |
- Kulich, Karoly, et al.
(författare)
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A descriptive study of how dentists view their profession and the doctor-patient relationship
- 1998
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Ingår i: Acta Odontologica Scandinavica. - : Informa UK Limited. - 1502-3850 .- 0001-6357. ; 56:4, s. 206-209
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In this article we report on how 64 dentists working in a big city in southern Sweden view their profession. The dentists ranged in age from 30 to 70 years (as it was indicated in intervals of 10 years). Their professional experience ranged from 2 to 44 years (mean, 23 years). We collected their views on the ideal skills of a good dentist by means of a questionnaire. From this material we identified three categories: 1) interpersonal skills; 2) clinical skills; and 3) others, such as self-confidence, stress tolerance, and managerial and administrative skills. Next, they rated the relative importance of a number of listed attributes in dentistry in this order: contact with patients, communication skills, empathy, manual skills, and theory. Finally, they described a number of aspects of their profession. We conclude that the importance of interpersonal skills, as well as stress tolerance and administrative skills, is emphasized by experienced practitioners but that these skills are not focused on in the dental curriculum.
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| 4. |
- Kulich, Károly R., 1970
(författare)
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Interpersonal Skills in the Dentist-Patient Relationship: the art of dentistry
- 2000
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The concept of interpersonal skills and its relevance in the dentist-patient relationship wasinvestigated. In Study I, general dentists responding to a mailed questionnaire reported thatthe ideal characteristics of a good dentist can be divided into three categories: 1)interpersonal skills; 2) clinical skills; and 3) other skills. The relative importance of anumber of listed attributes in dentistry were: contact with patients, communication skills,empathy, manual skills and theoretical knowledge, in that order.In Studies II and III, dentists specialized in the treatment of dental phobia wereinterviewed. The analysis of the transcribed interviews was influenced by the principles ofGrounded Theory. In Study II, characteristics of the patient-centered dental consultation wereidentified, including categories of 'Holistic perception and understanding of the patient';'The dentist's positive outlook on people'; and 'The dentist's positive view of patientcontact'. In study III, the following categories described the dynamics of interpersonalprocesses in the dentist-patient encounter: 'Relatedness, based on affective resonance andconcordant roles'; 'The dental phobic patient's emotions'; 'The patient's verbal and nonverbalcues'; 'The dentist's role as a clinician: professional interpersonal skills'; and 'Thedentist's role as a fellow-being: general interpersonal skills'. The results of studies II andIII have a theoretical implication and are supported by previous models of patient-centeredmedicine and the dynamics of the doctor-patient consultation. In Study IV the factor structure of the Swedish version of the Getz's Dental Beliefs Surveywas investigated based on a dental phobic patient population. An exploratory factor analysis(EFA) indicated two solutions: a one-factor (scree plot) solution 'Communication'; and athree-factor (eigenvalues) solution: 'Communication', 'Trust', and 'Fear of NegativeInformation'. A confirmatory factor analysis (CFA), however, suggested a five-factor solution:'Communication', 'Trust', 'Fear of Negative Information', 'Lack of Control' and 'SocialInteraction Distress in Dental Treatment (SIDDT)'. Neither the EFA nor the CFA confirmed thefour-factor structure suggested by the constructors of the DBS. Moreover, the items includedin the dimensions were also partly different from the original version of the DBS. The resultsfrom the two factor analyses indicated that the factor structure of the DBS is ambiguous.Finally, it was concluded that the DBS measures a complex phenomenon with the help of only afew items. The results from the four studies contribute to a better understanding of the concept ofinterpersonal skills in dentistry from the perspective of the dentist, and indirectly of thepatient. Concepts and categories that were identified in Studies I, II and III were inaccordance with the contents of the items and the labels of the DBS factors, investigated inStudy IV. The significance of dentists' interpersonal skills when treating patients,particularly with dental phobia, was confirmed both quantitatively and qualitatively.
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