| 1. |
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- 2019
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)
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| 2. |
- Feigin, Valery L., et al.
(författare)
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Global, regional, and national burden of stroke and its risk factors, 1990-2019 : a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019
- 2021
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Ingår i: Lancet Neurology. - : Elsevier. - 1474-4422 .- 1474-4465. ; 20:10, s. 795-820
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background Regularly updated data on stroke and its pathological types, including data on their incidence, prevalence, mortality, disability, risk factors, and epidemiological trends, are important for evidence-based stroke care planning and resource allocation. The Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study (GBD) aims to provide a standardised and comprehensive measurement of these metrics at global, regional, and national levels. Methods We applied GBD 2019 analytical tools to calculate stroke incidence, prevalence, mortality, disability-adjusted life-years (DALYs), and the population attributable fraction (PAF) of DALYs (with corresponding 95% uncertainty intervals [UIs]) associated with 19 risk factors, for 204 countries and territories from 1990 to 2019. These estimates were provided for ischaemic stroke, intracerebral haemorrhage, subarachnoid haemorrhage, and all strokes combined, and stratified by sex, age group, and World Bank country income level. Findings In 2019, there were 12.2 million (95% UI 11.0-13.6) incident cases of stroke, 101 million (93.2-111) prevalent cases of stroke, 143 million (133-153) DALYs due to stroke, and 6.55 million (6.00-7.02) deaths from stroke. Globally, stroke remained the second-leading cause of death (11.6% [10.8-12.2] of total deaths) and the third-leading cause of death and disability combined (5.7% [5.1-6.2] of total DALYs) in 2019. From 1990 to 2019, the absolute number of incident strokes increased by 70.0% (67.0-73.0), prevalent strokes increased by 85.0% (83.0-88.0), deaths from stroke increased by 43.0% (31.0-55.0), and DALYs due to stroke increased by 32.0% (22.0-42.0). During the same period, age-standardised rates of stroke incidence decreased by 17.0% (15.0-18.0), mortality decreased by 36.0% (31.0-42.0), prevalence decreased by 6.0% (5.0-7.0), and DALYs decreased by 36.0% (31.0-42.0). However, among people younger than 70 years, prevalence rates increased by 22.0% (21.0-24.0) and incidence rates increased by 15.0% (12.0-18.0). In 2019, the age-standardised stroke-related mortality rate was 3.6 (3.5-3.8) times higher in the World Bank low-income group than in the World Bank high-income group, and the age-standardised stroke-related DALY rate was 3.7 (3.5-3.9) times higher in the low-income group than the high-income group. Ischaemic stroke constituted 62.4% of all incident strokes in 2019 (7.63 million [6.57-8.96]), while intracerebral haemorrhage constituted 27.9% (3.41 million [2.97-3.91]) and subarachnoid haemorrhage constituted 9.7% (1.18 million [1.01-1.39]). In 2019, the five leading risk factors for stroke were high systolic blood pressure (contributing to 79.6 million [67.7-90.8] DALYs or 55.5% [48.2-62.0] of total stroke DALYs), high body-mass index (34.9 million [22.3-48.6] DALYs or 24.3% [15.7-33.2]), high fasting plasma glucose (28.9 million [19.8-41.5] DALYs or 20.2% [13.8-29.1]), ambient particulate matter pollution (28.7 million [23.4-33.4] DALYs or 20.1% [16.6-23.0]), and smoking (25.3 million [22.6-28.2] DALYs or 17.6% [16.4-19.0]). Interpretation The annual number of strokes and deaths due to stroke increased substantially from 1990 to 2019, despite substantial reductions in age-standardised rates, particularly among people older than 70 years. The highest age-standardised stroke-related mortality and DALY rates were in the World Bank low-income group. The fastest-growing risk factor for stroke between 1990 and 2019 was high body-mass index. Without urgent implementation of effective primary prevention strategies, the stroke burden will probably continue to grow across the world, particularly in low-income countries.
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| 3. |
- Allam, Venkata, et al.
(författare)
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Treatment of chronic airway diseases using nutraceuticals : Mechanistic insight
- 2022
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Ingår i: Critical reviews in food science and nutrition. - : Taylor & Francis. - 1040-8398 .- 1549-7852. ; 62:27, s. 7576-7590
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Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- Respiratory diseases, both acute and chronic, are reported to be the leading cause of morbidity and mortality, affecting millions of people globally, leading to high socio-economic burden for the society in the recent decades. Chronic inflammation and decline in lung function are the common symptoms of respiratory diseases. The current treatment strategies revolve around using appropriate anti-inflammatory agents and bronchodilators. A range of anti-inflammatory agents and bronchodilators are currently available in the market; however, the usage of such medications is limited due to the potential for various adverse effects. To cope with this issue, researchers have been exploring various novel, alternative therapeutic strategies that are safe and effective to treat respiratory diseases. Several studies have been reported on the possible links between food and food-derived products in combating various chronic inflammatory diseases. Nutraceuticals are examples of such food-derived products which are gaining much interest in terms of its usage for the well-being and better human health. As a consequence, intensive research is currently aimed at identifying novel nutraceuticals, and there is an emerging notion that nutraceuticals can have a positive impact in various respiratory diseases. In this review, we discuss the efficacy of nutraceuticals in altering the various cellular and molecular mechanisms involved in mitigating the symptoms of respiratory diseases.
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| 4. |
- Shahcheraghi, Seyed Hossein, et al.
(författare)
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Overview of key molecular and pharmacological targets for diabetes and associated diseases
- 2021
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Ingår i: Life Sciences. - : Elsevier. - 0024-3205 .- 1879-0631. ; 278
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Diabetes epidemiological quantities are demonstrating one of the most important communities' health worries. The essential diabetic difficulties are including cardiomyopathy, nephropathy, inflammation, and retinopathy. Despite developments in glucose decreasing treatments and drugs, these diabetic complications are still ineffectively reversed or prohibited. Several signaling and molecular pathways are vital targets in the new therapies of diabetes. This review assesses the newest researches about the key molecules and signaling pathways as targets of molecular pharmacology in diabetes and diseases related to it for better treatment based on molecular sciences. The disease is not cured by current pharmacological strategies for type 2 diabetes. While several drug combinations are accessible that can efficiently modulate glycemia and mitigate long-term complications, these agents do not reverse pathogenesis, and in practice, they are not established to modify the patient's specific molecular profiling. Therapeutic companies have benefited from human genetics. Genome exploration, which is agnostic to the information that exists, has revealed tens of loci that impact glycemic modulation. The physiological report has begun to examine subtypes of diseases, illustrate heterogeneity and propose biochemical therapeutic pathways.
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| 5. |
- Shrivastava, Garima, et al.
(författare)
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Targeting LIN28 : a new hope in prostate cancer theranostics
- 2021
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Ingår i: Future Oncology. - : Future Medicine. - 1479-6694 .- 1744-8301. ; 17:29, s. 3873-3880
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The mortality and morbidity rates for prostate cancer have recently increased to alarming levels, rising higher than lung cancer. Due to a lack of drug targets and molecular probes, existing theranostic techniques are limited. Human LIN28A and its paralog LIN28B overexpression are associated with a number of tumors resulting in a remarkable increase in cancer aggression and poor prognoses. The current review aims to highlight recent work identifying the key roles of LIN28A and LIN28B in prostate cancer, and to instigate further preclinical and clinical research in this important area.
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| 6. |
- Aljabali, Alaa A. A., et al.
(författare)
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The viral capsid as novel nanomaterials for drug delivery
- 2021
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Ingår i: Future Science OA. - : Future Science Ltd. - 2056-5623. ; 7:9
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Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- The purpose of this review is to highlight recent scientific developments and provide an overview of virus self-assembly and viral particle dynamics. Viruses are organized supramolecular structures with distinct yet related features and functions. Plant viruses are extensively used in biotechnology, and virus-like particulate matter is generated by genetic modification. Both provide a material-based means for selective distribution and delivery of drug molecules. Through surface engineering of their capsids, virus-derived nanomaterials facilitate various potential applications for selective drug delivery. Viruses have significant implications in chemotherapy, gene transfer, vaccine production, immunotherapy and molecular imaging. Lay abstract: The purpose of this review is to highlight recent scientific developments and provide an overview of virus self-assembly and viral particle dynamics. Viruses are organized supramolecular structures with distinct yet related features and functions. Plant viruses are extensively used in biotechnology, and virus-like particulate matter is generated by genetic modification. Both provide a material-based means for selective distribution and delivery of drug molecules. Through surface engineering of their capsids, virus-derived nanomaterials facilitate various potential applications for selective drug delivery. Viruses have significant implications in chemotherapy, gene transfer, vaccine production, immunotherapy and molecular imaging. Here we performed a comprehensive database search to review findings in this area, demonstrating that viral nanostructures possess unique properties that make them ideal for applications in diagnostics, cell labeling, contrasting agents and drug delivery structures.
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| 7. |
- Durairaj, Santhosh, et al.
(författare)
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Oxygen-Driven Growth Regulation and Defect Passivation in Chemical Vapor Deposited MoS 2 Monolayers
- 2021
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Ingår i: Crystal Growth & Design. - : American Chemical Society (ACS). - 1528-7505 .- 1528-7483. ; 21:12, s. 6793-6801
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Due to the lowest formation energies, sulfur vacancies are inevitable in the vapor-phase chemical vapor deposition (CVD) of MoS2, which act as deep donors and induce midgap defect states, making the material intrinsically n-type. The postgrowth oxygen passivation of such defects has been the subject of a large number of recent studies because passivation of defects augments the photoluminescence quantum yield by several orders. In this study, by introducing an SiO2/Si wafer in close proximity to the growth substrate, we were able to supply trace oxygen in situ during the growth while simultaneously enabling chemisorption of oxygen at defect sites on the basal plane of large-area MoS2 monolayers. Low-temperature photoluminescence spectroscopy allowed us to distinguish clearly the nature of oxygen bonding in defective MoS2 grown with and without the trace oxygen. Chemisorption of oxygen enabled elimination of defect-related bound exciton emission at the near band edge transition of MoS2, leading to about 300% enhancement in the photoluminescence. We observed unusual splitting of the first-order A1g Raman mode in monolayer MoS2 films when the sulfur vacancies are not compensated by oxygen. The present study provides new experimental evidence to better distinguish between chemisorption and physisorption of oxygen and may serve as an effective way to tune the optical properties of van der Waals crystals during the large-area CVD process.
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| 8. |
- Ghayvat, Hemant, et al.
(författare)
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Healthcare-CT : SoLiD PoD and Blockchain-Enabled Cyber Twin Approach for Healthcare 5.0 Ecosystems
- 2024
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Ingår i: IEEE Internet of Things Journal. - : IEEE. - 2327-4662. ; 11:4, s. 6119-6130
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The healthcare personals often use stored healthcare data to make crucial decisions, assess risk, and care for patients. The extraction of the required information from the saved healthcare data needs a healthcare ecosystem that can guarantee reliable data delivery. The reliability of cyber-physical data needs to be cross-examined using several sources of data of overlapping nature. The cross-examined data can be saved on blockchain and SOLID POD (SP) to preserve its reliability and privacy. Once the reliable healthcare data is stored on the blockchain and SP, the patients’ medical history can be delivered to data-operated systems to monitor, diagnose, and detect augmented healthcare anomalies. Cyber twins (CT) combine the specific cyber-physical objects with digital tools portraying their actual settings. The creation of a live model for the delivery of healthcare services presents a novel opportunity in patient care comprising better evaluation of risk and assessment without hampering the activities of daily living. The introduction of blockchain technology can improve the notion of CTs by certifying transparency, decentralized data storage, data irreversibility, and person-to-person industrial communication. The storage and exchange of CT data in the healthcare ecosystem depend on disseminated ledgers and decentralized databases for storing and processing data to avoid single point reliance. The present study develops an owner-centric decentralized sharing technique to fulfil the decentralized distribution of CT data.
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| 9. |
- Kapur, P.K., et al.
(författare)
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Optimal price and warranty length
- 2012
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Ingår i: Communications in Dependability and Quality Management. - 1450-7196. ; 15:1, s. 5-13
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- With rapid advancement in technologies in the last few decades organizations today have shifted their focus from being product centric to customer/market driven. With post sales services like providing warranty playing an influential role in the purchase of new product, manufacturers today are leaning towards optimizing warranty length & price of their products in order to ensure profitability. In this paper treating optimal warranty length and price of goods as decision variables, we intend to maximize overall profit for producers under the influence of a combination of free replacement and pro-rata warranty policies. Two-dimensional innovation diffusion model incorporating both price and warranty length is employed to demonstrate product sales cycle. Exponential distribution is used to represent the lifetime of a product. To elucidate application of the model real data set is presented as illustration.
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| 10. |
- Kim, Sung-Yup, et al.
(författare)
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Development of a ReaxFF Reactive Force Field for Titanium Dioxide/Water Systems
- 2013
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Ingår i: Langmuir. - : American Chemical Society (ACS). - 0743-7463 .- 1520-5827. ; 29:25, s. 7838-7846
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- A new ReaxFF reactive force field has been developed to describe reactions in the Ti-O-H system. The ReaxFF force field parameters have been fitted to a quantum mechanical (QM) training set containing structures and energies related to bond dissociation energies, angle and dihedral distortions, and reactions between water and titanium dioxide, as well as experimental crystal structures, heats of formation, and bulk modulus data. Model configurations for the training set were based on DFT calculations on molecular clusters and periodic systems (both bulk crystals and surfaces). ReaxFF reproduces accurately the QM training set for structures and energetics of small clusters. ReaxFF also describes the relative energetics for rutile, brookite, and anatase. The results of ReaxFF match reasonably well with those of QM for water binding energies, surface energies, and H2O dissociation energy barriers. description, we have compared its performance against DFT/MD simulations for 1 and 3 monolayers of water interacting with a rutile (110) surface. We found agreement within a 10% error between the DFT/MD and ReaxFF water dissociation levels for both coverages.
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