| 1. |
- Fredriksson, Anders, et al.
(författare)
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Running wheel activity restores MPTP-induced functional deficits
- 2011
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Ingår i: Journal of neural transmission. - Wien : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0300-9564 .- 1435-1463. ; 118:3, s. 407-420
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Wheel-running and treadmill running physical exercise have been shown to alleviate parkinsonism in both laboratory and clinical studies. MPTP was administered to C57/BL6 mice using two different procedures: (a) administration of a double-dose regime (MPTP 2 × 20 or 2 × 40 mg/kg, separated by a 24-h interval), vehicle (saline 5 ml/kg) or saline (vehicle 2 × 5 ml/kg), and (b) administration of a single-dose weekly regime (MPTP 1 × 40 mg/kg) or saline (vehicle 1 × 5 ml/kg) repeated over 4 consecutive weeks. For each procedure, two different physical exercise regimes were followed: (a) after the double-dose MPTP regime, mice were given daily 30-min periods of wheel-running exercise over 5 consecutive days/week or placed in a cage in close proximity to the running wheels for 3 weeks. (b) Mice were either given wheel-running activity on 4 consecutive days (30-min periods) or placed in a cage nearby for 14 weeks. Behavioral testing was as follows: (a) after 3 weeks of exercise/no exercise, mice were tested for spontaneous motor activity (60 min) and subthreshold l-Dopa (5 mg/kg)-induced activity. (b) Spontaneous motor activity was measured on the fifth day during each of the each of the first 5 weeks (Tests 1–5), about 1 h before injections (first 4 weeks), and continued on the 5th days of the 6th to the 14th weeks (Tests 6–14). Subthreshold l-Dopa (5 mg/kg)-induced activity was tested on the 6th, 8th, 10th, 12th and 14th weeks. (b) Mice from the single-dose MPTP weekly regime were killed during the 15th week and striatal regions taken for dopamine analysis, whereas frontal and parietal cortex and hippocampus were taken for analysis of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF). It was shown that in both experiments, i.e., the double-dose regime and single-dose weekly regime of MPTP administration, physical activity attenuated markedly the MPTP-induced akinesia/hypokinesia in both the spontaneous motor activity and restored motor activity completely in subthreshold l-Dopa tests. Running wheel activity attenuated markedly the loss of dopamine due to repeated administrations of MPTP. BDNF protein level in the parietal cortex was elevated by the MPTP insult and increased further by physical exercise. Physical running wheel exercise alleviated both the functional and biomarker expressions of MPTP-induced parkinsonism.
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| 2. |
- Öfverholm, Anna, et al.
(författare)
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Extended genetic analysis and tumor characteristics in over 4600 women with suspected hereditary breast and ovarian cancer
- 2023
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Ingår i: BMC Cancer. - : BioMed Central (BMC). - 1471-2407. ; 23:1
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BackgroundGenetic screening for pathogenic variants (PVs) in cancer predisposition genes can affect treatment strategies, risk prediction and preventive measures for patients and families. For decades, hereditary breast and ovarian cancer (HBOC) has been attributed to PVs in the genes BRCA1 and BRCA2, and more recently other rare alleles have been firmly established as associated with a high or moderate increased risk of developing breast and/or ovarian cancer. Here, we assess the genetic variation and tumor characteristics in a large cohort of women with suspected HBOC in a clinical oncogenetic setting.MethodsWomen with suspected HBOC referred from all oncogenetic clinics in Sweden over a six-year inclusion period were screened for PVs in 13 clinically relevant genes. The genetic outcome was compared with tumor characteristics and other clinical data collected from national cancer registries and hospital records.ResultsIn 4622 women with breast and/or ovarian cancer the overall diagnostic yield (the proportion of women carrying at least one PV) was 16.6%. BRCA1/2 PVs were found in 8.9% of women (BRCA1 5.95% and BRCA2 2.94%) and PVs in the other breast and ovarian cancer predisposition genes in 8.2%: ATM (1.58%), BARD1 (0.45%), BRIP1 (0.43%), CDH1 (0.11%), CHEK2 (3.46%), PALB2 (0.84%), PTEN (0.02%), RAD51C (0.54%), RAD51D (0.15%), STK11 (0) and TP53 (0.56%). Thus, inclusion of the 11 genes in addition to BRCA1/2 increased diagnostic yield by 7.7%. The yield was, as expected, significantly higher in certain subgroups such as younger patients, medullary breast cancer, higher Nottingham Histologic Grade, ER-negative breast cancer, triple-negative breast cancer and high grade serous ovarian cancer. Age and tumor subtype distributions differed substantially depending on genetic finding.ConclusionsThis study contributes to understanding the clinical and genetic landscape of breast and ovarian cancer susceptibility. Extending clinical genetic screening from BRCA1 and BRCA2 to 13 established cancer predisposition genes almost doubles the diagnostic yield, which has implications for genetic counseling and clinical guidelines. The very low yield in the syndrome genes CDH1, PTEN and STK11 questions the usefulness of including these genes on routine gene panels.
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| 3. |
- Bergenholtz, Gunnar, 1939, et al.
(författare)
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Treatment of pulps in teeth affected by deep caries - A systematic review of the literature.
- 2013
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Ingår i: Singapore dental journal. - : World Scientific Pub Co Pte Lt. - 0377-5291. ; 34:1, s. 1-12
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BACKGROUND: This systematic review assesses the effect of methods commonly used to manage the pulp in cases of deep caries lesions, and the extent the pulp chamber remains uninfected and does not cause pulpal or periapical inflammatory lesions and associated tooth-ache over time.STUDY DESIGN: An electronic literature search included the databases PubMed, EMBASE, The Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials and Cochrane Reviews from January 1950 to March 2013. In addition, hand searches were carried out. Two reviewers independently evaluated abstracts and full-text articles. An article was read in full if at least one of the two reviewers considered the abstract potentially relevant. Altogether, 161 articles were read in full text. Of these, 24 studies fulfilled established inclusion criteria. Based on studies of at least moderate quality, the quality of evidence of each procedure was rated in four levels according to GRADE.RESULTS: No study reached the high quality level. Twelve were of moderate quality. The overall evidence was insufficient to assess which of indirect pulp capping, stepwise excavation, direct excavation and pulp capping/partial pulpotomy, pulpotomy or pulpectomy is the most effective treatment approach for teeth with deep caries.CONCLUSIONS: Because of the lack of good studies it is not possible to determine whether an injured pulp by deep caries can be maintained or whether it should be removed and replaced with a root canal filling. Both randomized studies and prospective observational studies are needed to investigate whether a pulp exposed to deep caries is best treated by measures intended to preserve it or by pulpectomy and root filling.
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| 4. |
- Frisk, Fredrik, 1971, et al.
(författare)
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Is apical periodontitis in root filled teeth associated with the type of restoration?
- 2015
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Ingår i: Acta Odontologica Scandinavica. - : Informa UK Limited. - 0001-6357 .- 1502-3850. ; 73:3, s. 169-75
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- OBJECTIVE: To study the association between type of restoration and apical periodontitis (AP) in root filled teeth. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The present study used data from surveys conducted in 1983, 1993 and 2003. In 1983, 130 randomly selected subjects aged 3-80 years in the city of Jönköping, Sweden, were invited for a clinical and radiological examination. The study was repeated in 1993 and 2003. New participants were, thus, recruited with the same sampling criteria and sample size in the same geographical area in 1993 and 2003, respectively. In the present study, only dentate individuals aged 20-70 years with ≥1 root filled tooth were included, yielding a sample of 788 subjects with 2634 root filled teeth. Apical periodontitis on the tooth level was the dependent variable. Periapical status was assessed according to Periapical Index (PAI). Independent variables were root filling quality, recurrent caries, type of restoration, number of teeth with apical periodontitis, age and gender. Root fillings appearing homogenous and ending within 2 mm from radiographic apex were regarded as adequate, otherwise inadequate. All radiographs were re-studied by one observer regarding periapical status and root filling quality. Risk was analyzed by means of a GEE model. RESULTS: Type of restoration, root filling quality, number of teeth with apical periodontitis within the individual and age were found to be predictors of AP in root filled teeth. Presence of recurrent caries and gender were not found to be associated with AP. CONCLUSIONS: According to the present study, root filling quality and type of restoration may be predictive of AP in root filled teeth.
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| 5. |
- Frisk, Fredrik, 1971, et al.
(författare)
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Pulp exposures in adults--choice of treatment among Swedish dentists.
- 2013
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Ingår i: Swedish dental journal. - : Swedish dental association. - 0347-9994. ; 37:3, s. 153-60
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This study comprises a survey of Swedish dentists'treatment preferences in cases of carious exposure of the dental pulp in adults.The survey was conducted as part of a comprehensive report on methods of diagnosis and treatment in endodontics, published in 2010 by the Swedish Council on Health Technology Assessment. A questionnaire was mailed to a random subsample of 2012 dental offices where one dentist at each office was requested to answer all questions. Each questionnaire contained one of three sets of questions about endodontic practice routines.Thus around one-third of the subsample received case-specific questions about treating carious exposure. Only general practitioners aged below 70 years were included.The final study sample comprised 412 participants.The dentists were presented with two case scenarios. In Case 1 a 22-year old patient had a deep carious lesion in tooth 36 and in Case 2 a 50-year old patient had a deep carious lesion in tooth 14.The participants were asked to nominate their treatment of choice: pulp capping, partial pulpotomy or pulpectomy. For Case 1, 17 per cent of the respondents selected pulpectomy; the corresponding rate for Case 2 was 47 per cent. Female gender and age group 25-49 years were predictive of selection of less invasive treatment options. However, according to recent guidelines (2011) from the National Board of Health and Wellfare, Swedish dentists are recommended to elect pulpectomy prior to pulp capping/partial pulpotomy when confronted with a tooth having a cariously exposed pulp in adults.
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| 6. |
- Kvist, Patric, 1985, et al.
(författare)
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A multi-scale model for diffusion of large molecules in steam-exploded wood
- 2020
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Ingår i: Wood Science and Technology. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0043-7719 .- 1432-5225. ; 54:4, s. 821-835
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In this paper, multi-scale modeling was used to resolve diffusion in steam-exploded wood at tracheid scales including sub-micrometer features of bordered pits. Simulations were performed using the lattice Boltzmann method with high-resolution X-ray tomography image data as the input for the microstructure. The results show an effective method for utilizing a variable diffusion coefficient to implement two length scales. This circumvents the need to resolve the bordered pits in detail, which requires massive computing power. Instead, the effective diffusion coefficient for one bordered pit is used as input for this model. Results based on the present model are comparable to experimental data. This methodology can be extended to more structural features at the microscale of wood, such as latewood and the cell wall. Obtaining a map of different diffusion coefficients based on features and scale gives a better overall understanding of diffusion and the importance of mass transport with regard to the pretreatment of wood.
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| 7. |
- Kvist, Patric, 1985, et al.
(författare)
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Lattice Boltzmann simulations of diffusion in steam-exploded wood
- 2019
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Ingår i: Wood Science and Technology. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0043-7719 .- 1432-5225. ; 53:4, s. 855-871
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Diffusion of large molecules throughout the porous microstructure of wood pretreated with steam explosion was investigated by using the lattice Boltzmann method for simulations. Wood samples were investigated with high-resolution X-ray tomography to effectively reconstruct an accurate geometry of the structural changes that ensue after pretreatment. Samples of approximately 1mm(3) with voxel sizes from 0.5 to 1 mu m were examined with X-ray imaging. These large volumes, relative to what reasonably can be simulated, were divided into sub-volumes and were further reconstructed into geometries suited for the LBM simulations. The transient development of the concentration was investigated, and the effective diffusion coefficient at steady state was computed. Diffusion rates were found to increase significantly in the transversal direction due to the steam explosion pretreatment. The increase was observed both in the time needed for solutes to diffuse throughout the pores and in the effective diffusion coefficient. A shorter diffusion pathway and a higher connectivity between pores were found for the pretreated samples, even though the porosity was similar and the pore size distribution narrower than the native sample. These results show that local mass transport depends not only on porosity but also, in a complex manner, on pore structure. Thus, a more detailed analysis of pore space structure using tomography data, in combination with simulations, enables a more general understanding of the diffusional process.
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| 8. |
- Kvist, Patric, 1985, et al.
(författare)
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Lattice Boltzmann simulations of diffusion through native and steam-exploded softwood bordered pits
- 2017
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Ingår i: Wood Science and Technology. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0043-7719 .- 1432-5225. ; 51:6, s. 1261-1276
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Bordered pits connect adjacent tracheid cells in softwoods and enable water transport between them. Knowledge of how large molecules, such as polysaccharides and enzymes, are transported through pits is important to understand the extraction process of valuable biopolymers from wood. The main mass transport mechanism for large dissolved molecules in wood is diffusion, and this is investigated through mathematical modeling in the lattice Boltzmann framework utilizing SEM images and 3D reconstruction of an actual bordered pit to compute an effective diffusion coefficient. Confocal laser scanning microscopy is used to find the unobstructed diffusion coefficients in a free aqueous solution using fluorescent diffusion probes of dextran. The effect of steam explosion on pit structure is explored through the use of a simplified model. The importance of different components of a bordered pit is investigated using simulation data, and results show that the most important structural features are the borders. Expressions for the effective diffusion coefficient as a function of the free diffusion coefficient are presented for a native and for a steam-exploded pit, respectively.
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| 9. |
- Kvist, Thomas, 1959, et al.
(författare)
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Microbiological evaluation of one- and two-visit endodontic treatment of teeth with apical periodontitis: a randomized, clinical trial.
- 2004
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Ingår i: Journal of endodontics. - 0099-2399. ; 30:8, s. 572-6
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The antimicrobial efficacy of endodontic procedures performed in one-visit (including a 10-min intraappointment dressing with 5% iodine-potassium-iodide) was compared with a two-visit procedure (including an interappointment dressing with calcium-hydroxide paste). Teeth with apical periodontitis (n = 96) were randomly assigned to either group. Root canal sampling and culturing were performed before and immediately after instrumentation, and after medication. Initial sampling demonstrated the presence of microorganisms in 98% of the teeth. Postinstrumentation sampling showed reduction of cultivable microbiota. Antibacterial dressing further reduced the number of teeth with surviving microbes. In the postmedication samples, residual microorganisms were recovered in 29% of the one-visit teeth and in 36% of the two-visit treated teeth. No statistically significant differences between the groups were discerned. It was concluded that from a microbiological point of view, treatment of teeth with apical periodontitis performed in two appointments was not more effective than the investigated one-visit procedure.
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| 10. |
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