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- Johannesson, Eva, 1946-
(författare)
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Learning manual and procedural clinical skills through simulation in health care education
- 2012
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Licentiatavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The general aim of this thesis was to contribute to a deeper understanding of students’ perceptions of learning in simulation skills training in relation to the educational design of the skills training. Two studies were conducted to investigate learning features, what clinical skills nursing students learn through simulation, and how.Undergraduate nursing students were chosen in both studies. Study I was conducted in semester three, and study II in semester six, the last semester. Twenty-two students in study I practised intravenous catheterisation in pairs in the regular curriculum with an additional option of using two CathSim® simulators. In study II, ten students practised urethral catheterisation in pairs, using the UrecathVision™ simulator. This session was offered outside the curriculum, one pair at a time.In study I, three questionnaires were answered - before the skills training, after the skills training and the third after the skills examination but before the students’ clinical practice. The questions were both closed and open and the answers were analysed with quantitative and qualitative methods. The results showed that the simulator was valuable as a complement to arm models. Some disadvantages were expressed by the students, namely that there was no arm model to hold and into which to insert the needle and that they missed a holistic perspective. The most prominent learning features were motivation, variation, realism, meaningfulness, and feedback. Other important features mentioned were a safe environment, repeated practice, active and independent learning, interactive multimedia and a simulation device that was easy to use.In study II the students were video-recorded during the skills training. Afterwards, besides open questions, the video was used for individual interviews as stimulated recall. The interview data were analysed with qualitative content analysis. Three themes were identified: what the students learn, how the students learn, and how the simulator can contribute to the students’ learning. When learning clinical skills through simulation, motivation, meaningfulness and confidence were expressed as important factors to take into account from a student perspective. The students learned manual and procedural skills and also professional behaviour by preparing, watching, practising and reflecting.From an educational perspective, variation, realism, feedback and reflection were seen as valuable features to be aware of in organising curricula with simulators. Providing a safe environment, giving repeated practice, ensuring active and independent learning, using interactive multimedia, and providing a simulation tool that is easy to use were factors to take into account. The simulator contributed by providing opportunities to prepare for skills training, to see the anatomy, to feel resistance to catheter insertion, and to become aware of performance ability. Learning features, revealed from the students’ thoughts and experiences in these studies, are probably general to some extent but may be used to understand and design clinical skills training in all health care educations. In transferring these results it is important to take the actual educational context into account.
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| 2. |
- Johannesson, Eva, et al.
(författare)
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Students’ experiences of learning manual clinical skills through simulation
- 2013
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Ingår i: Advances in Health Sciences Education. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1382-4996 .- 1573-1677. ; 18:1, s. 99-114
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Learning manual skills is a fundamental part of health care education, and motor, sensory and cognitive learning processes are essential aspects of professional development. Simulator training has been shown to enhance factors that facilitate motor and cognitive learning. The present study aimed to investigate the students’ experiences and thoughts about their learning through simulation skills training. The study was designed for an educational setting at a clinical skills centre. Ten thirdyear undergraduate nursing students performed urethral catheterisation, using the virtual reality simulator UrecathVision™, which has haptic properties. The students practised in pairs. Each session was videotaped and the video was used to stimulate recall in subsequent interviews. The interviews were analysed using qualitative content analysis. The analysis from interviews resulted in threethemes: what the students learn, how the students learn, and the simulator’s contribution to the students’ learning. Students learned manual skills, how to perform the procedure, and professional behaviour. They learned by preparing, watching, practising and reflecting. The simulator contributed by providing opportunities for students to prepare for the skills training, to see anatomical structures, to feel resistance, and to become aware of their own performance ability. The findings show that the students related the task to previous experiences, used sensory information, tested themselves and practised techniques in a hands-on fashion, and reflected in and on action. The simulator was seen as a facilitator to learning the manual skills. The study design, with students working in pairs combined with video recording, was found to enhance opportunities for reflection.
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| 3. |
- Silén, Charlotte, et al.
(författare)
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Advanced 3D visualization in student-centred medical education
- 2008
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Ingår i: Medical teacher. - UK : Informa Healthcare. - 0142-159X .- 1466-187X. ; 30:5, s. e115-e124
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BACKGROUND: Healthcare students have difficulties achieving a conceptual understanding of 3D anatomy and misconceptions about physiological phenomena are persistent and hard to address. 3D visualization has improved the possibilities of facilitating understanding of complex phenomena. A project was carried out in which high quality 3D visualizations using high-resolution CT and MR images from clinical research were developed for educational use. Instead of standard stacks of slices (original or multiplanar reformatted) volume-rendering images in the quicktime VR format that enables students to interact intuitively were included. Based on learning theories underpinning problem based learning, 3D visualizations were implemented in the existing curricula of the medical and physiotherapy programs. The images/films were used in lectures, demonstrations and tutorial sessions. Self-study material was also developed. AIMS: To support learning efficacy by developing and using 3D datasets in regular health care curricula and enhancing the knowledge about possible educational value of 3D visualizations in learning anatomy and physiology. METHOD: Questionnaires were used to investigate the medical and physiotherapy students' opinions about the different formats of visualizations and their learning experiences. RESULTS: The 3D images/films stimulated the students will to understand more and helped them to get insights about biological variations and different organs size, space extent and relation to each other. The virtual dissections gave a clearer picture than ordinary dissections and the possibility to turn structures around was instructive. CONCLUSIONS: 3D visualizations based on authentic, viable material point out a new dimension of learning material in anatomy, physiology and probably also pathophysiology. It was successful to implement 3D images in already existing themes in the educational programs. The results show that deeper knowledge is required about students' interpretation of images/films in relation to learning outcomes. There is also a need for preparations and facilitation principles connected to the use of 3D visualizations.
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