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- Eriksson, Britt, 1967-, et al.
(författare)
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Body fat, insulin resistance, energy expenditure and serum concentrations of leptin, adiponectin and resistin before, during and after pregnancy in healthy Swedish women
- 2010
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Ingår i: British Journal of Nutrition. - Cambridge, United Kingdom : Cambridge University Press. - 0007-1145 .- 1475-2662. ; 103:1, s. 50-57
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Healthy human pregnancy is associated with changes in food intake, body fatness, energy expenditure and insulin resistance. However, available knowledge is limited regarding the physiological basis of these changes. Published evidence suggests that so-called adipokines (i.e. leptin, adiponectin and resistin) have significant roles when such changes are established. We explored, throughout a complete pregnancy, relationships between total body fat (TBF), energy expenditure, insulin resistance (homeostasic model of insulin resistance, HOMA-IR) and serum concentrations of leptin, adiponectin and resistin. Such concentrations were assessed before pregnancy in gestational weeks 8, 14, 20, 32 and 35, and 2 weeks postpartum in twenty-three healthy women. TBF, BMR (n 23) and HOMA-IR (n 17) were assessed before pregnancy in gestational weeks 14 and 32 and 2 weeks postpartum. TBF (%) was correlated with HOMA-IR (r 0.68-0.79, P < 0.01) and with serum leptin (r 0.85-0.88, P < 0.001) before and during pregnancy. Serum leptin was correlated with HOMA-IR (r 0.53-0.70, P < 0.05) before and during pregnancy. Serum adiponectin was inversely correlated with HOMA-IR in gestational week 32 (r - 0.52, P < 0.05). When HOMA-IR was regressed on TBF (%), the slope of the regression line was 0.046 before pregnancy, which was significantly (P < 0.05) different from the corresponding value, 0.111, in gestational week 32. The results indicate that pregnancy has an enhancing effect on the relationship between body fatness and insulin resistance. This effect, possibly mediated by leptin, may represent a mechanism by which offspring size is regulated in response to the nutritional situation of the mother.
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| 2. |
- Forsum, Elisabet, 1947-, et al.
(författare)
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Maternal body composition in relation to infant birth weight and subcutaneous adipose tissue
- 2006
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Ingår i: British Journal of Nutrition. - 0007-1145 .- 1475-2662. ; 96:2, s. 408-414
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Infant birth weight has increased recently, representing an obstetric and potentially a public health problem since high birth weight involves a risk of obesity later in life. Maternal nutritional status is important for fetal growth and therefore relationships between maternal body weight and composition v. birth weight and infant subcutaneous adipose tissue were investigated in twenty-three healthy women and their newborn infants using multiple and simple linear regression analysis. Furthermore, using previously published data for nineteen infants, it was demonstrated that an anthropometric method could provide useful estimates of the amount of subcutaneous adipose tissue. Birth weight was correlated with the maternal content of total body fat (TBF) both before pregnancy and in gestational week 32 and, together with gestational age at birth, TBF (%) before pregnancy explained 45% of the variation in birth weight. This figure was not increased when gestational gains in weight or TBF were added to the model. Furthermore, in infants, birth weight correlated with the amount of their subcutaneous adipose tissue. Together maternal TBF (%) and amount of subcutaneous adipose tissue in infants explained 61–63% of the variation in birth weight while the amount of infant subcutaneous adipose tissue alone explained only 55%. The maternal TBF content is likely to be important for the recent increase in birth weight. This factor probably causes a general augmentation in fetal growth rather than a specific stimulation of adipose tissue growth.
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| 3. |
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| 4. |
- Löf, Marie, 1971-, et al.
(författare)
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Changes in basal metabolic rate during pregnancy in relation to changes in body weight and composition, cardiac output, insulin-like growth factor I, and thyroid hormones and in relation to fetal growth
- 2005
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Ingår i: American Journal of Clinical Nutrition. - 0002-9165 .- 1938-3207. ; 81:3, s. 678-685
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: The total energy cost of pregnancy is largely due to an elevated basal metabolic rate (BMR). Large variations in the BMR response to pregnancy have been reported, but the factors associated with this variability are incompletely known.Objective: The objective was to identify factors associated with variability in the BMR response to pregnancy.Design: In 22 healthy women, BMR, body weight (BW), total body fat (TBF), fat-free mass (FFM), circulatory variables, serum concentrations of insulin-like growth factor I (IGF-I), and thyroid hormones were measured before pregnancy and in gestational weeks 14 and 32. BMR and BW were also measured in gestational weeks 8, 20, and 35. Fetal weight was estimated in gestational week 31.Results: In gestational week 14, the increase in BMR correlated significantly with the corresponding increase in BW and with the prepregnancy percentage of TBF. Together these variables explained ≈40% of the variability in the BMR response. In gestational week 32, the increase in BMR correlated significantly with the corresponding changes in BW, TBF, FFM, IGF-I, cardiac output, and free triiodothyronine. The increase in BW in combination with fetal weight or with the elevated concentration of IGF-I in serum explained ≈60% of the variability in the increase in BMR.Conclusions: Weight gain and the prepregnancy percentage of TBF—ie, factors related to the maternal nutritional situation—are important factors with regard to the variability in the BMR response to pregnancy. Thus, it is important to consider the nutritional situation before and during gestation when assessing pregnancy energy requirements.
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| 5. |
- Olausson, Hanna, et al.
(författare)
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A longitudinal study of the insulin-like growth factor system before, during and after pregnancy in healthy women
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Annan publikation (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The maternal insulin-like growth factor (IGF)-system is considered to influence fetal growth. In this longitudinal study of 23 healthy women we aimed 1) to assess maternal serum levels of IGF-I, IGF-II, IGF binding protein (IGFBP)-1, IGFBP-3 and protease activity against IGFBP-3 before, during and after pregnancy, and 2) to relate these levels in early and late pregnancy to fetal and birth weight. Serum was collected before pregnancy, in weeks 8, 14, 20, 32 and 35 of pregnancy and 2 weeks postpartum. IGF-I, IGF-II, IGFBP-1, and IGFBP-3 were analyzed with radioimmuno/radiometric assays and protease activity with Western blot. Fetal weight was measured by means of ultrasound (week 31 of pregnancy) and birth weight was recorded. IGF-I was initially decreased during pregnancy, compared to before conception. This early decrease was not correlated with fetal or birth weight. In late pregnancy, IGF-I and protease activity were positively related to fetal weight, whereas from week 20 of pregnancy IGFBP-1 showed an inverse association with birth weight. We suggest that in healthy pregnant women there is a fine-tuned balance within the maternal IGF-system, with components With either promoting or restricting influences on fetal growth. The results indicate that maternal IGFBP-1 cguld be used from mid-pregnancy as a marker for birth weight.
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| 6. |
- Olausson, Hanna, 1975-, et al.
(författare)
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Longitudinal study of the maternal insulin-like growth factor system before, during and after pregnancy in relation to fetal and infant weight
- 2008
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Ingår i: Hormone Research. - : S. Karger AG. - 0301-0163 .- 1423-0046. ; 69:2, s. 99-106
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: The maternal insulin-like growth factor (IGF) system is considered to be involved in fetal growth regulation. However, available data linking this system to fetal growth are contradictory and incomplete.Aims: To measure components of the IGF system before, during and after pregnancy in healthy women and to relate these results, and their changes during pregnancy, to fetal weight (gestational week 31) and birth weight.Methods: Serum concentrations of IGF-I, IGF-II, IGF-binding protein (IGFBP)-1, IGFBP-3 and IGFBP-3 protease activity were assessed in 23 women before conception, at weeks 8, 14, 20, 32 and 35 of pregnancy and 2 weeks postpartum. The data were analyzed using simple and multiple linear regression.Results: One third of the variability in fetal weight was explained by IGF-I in combination with IGFBP-3 protease activity, both assessed at gestational week 32 (p = 0.013). Birth weight was negatively correlated (r = –0.43 to –0.59) with IGFBP-1 at gestational week 20 (p = 0.041), 32 (p = 0.012) and 35 (p = 0.003).Conclusion: We propose there is a finely tuned balance among the components of the IGF system, providing a means for fetal growth regulation.
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| 7. |
- Olausson, Hanna, et al.
(författare)
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Maternal serum concentrations of insulin-like growth factor (IGF)-I and IGF binding protein-1 before and during pregnancy in relation to maternal body weight and composition and infant birth weight
- 2010
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Ingår i: British Journal of Nutrition. - : Cambridge University Press. - 0007-1145 .- 1475-2662. ; 104:6, s. 842-848
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Maternal nutritional status, e.g. body weight and composition, is associated with fetal growth. It has been suggested that the insulin-like growth factor (IGF) system may be a mediator of this relationship. In twenty-three healthy Swedish women, we studied (1) the relationships before and during pregnancy between maternal serum concentrations of IGF-I and IGF binding protein-1 (IGFBP-1) and maternal body weight and composition; (2) interactions between serum concentrations of IGF-I (before and in early pregnancy) and maternal nutritional status in relation to infant birth weight. We found that serum IGF-I during pregnancy was positively correlated with maternal body weight (r 0·47–0·56) and fat-free body weight (r 0·61–0·65), whereas serum IGFBP-1 was negatively correlated with maternal body weight (r − 0·44 to − 0·69) and body fat (r − 0·64 to − 0·76) before and during pregnancy. Women with a lower body fat content (%) before pregnancy had greater increases in serum IGFBP-1 during pregnancy than women with a higher prepregnant body fat content (%). In addition, significant fractions of the variation in corrected infant birth weight were explained by variables related to the maternal nutritional status when these were combined with serum concentrations of IGF-I in gestational week 14 (adjusted r2 0·25–0·44, P = 0·001–0·021), but not when they were combined with such concentrations before pregnancy (adjusted r2 0·11–0·12, P = 0·105–0·121). These results suggest mechanisms by which the IGF system may be a mediator between maternal nutritional status and fetal growth.
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| 8. |
- Olausson, Hanna, et al.
(författare)
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Maternal serum levels of insulin-like growth factor (IGF)-I and IGF binding protein-1 before and during pregnancy in relation to body weight and composition of mother and infant
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Annan publikation (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Objectives: To investigate the following relationships: 1) maternal body weight and composition versus insulin-like growth factor (IGF)-I and IGF binding protein (IGFBP)-1 in maternal serum before and during pregnancy, and 2) IGF-I and IGFBP-1 in maternal serum during pregnancy versus infant birth weight, body composition and ponderal index.Study design: Serum was collected from 23 healthy women before pregnancy, and in weeks 14, 32 and 35 of pregnancy. On these occasions maternal body weight and composition were assessed. Weight, length and body composition of the newborn were measured. Linear and multiple linear regression analyses were applied.Results: Women with the lowest body weight and body fat content had the largest decreases in IGF-I in early pregnancy. During pregnancy maternal fat-free body weight was positively related to IGF-I, whereas body fat was inversely related to IGFBP-1. Maternal body weight before pregnancy and IGF-I in week 14 of gestation explained 47 % of the variation in birth weight.Conclusion: The maternal IGF-system may be a mediator of the effect of maternal nutritional status on fetal growth.
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