| 1. |
- Burtraw, Dallas, et al.
(författare)
-
Climate Policy Options and Consequences in the International Spotlight: A Report for Industry on the Implications of Domestic Policy Design and Global Negotiations
- 2015
-
Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Following the 2009 Copenhagen Summit, momentum for mitigating global climate change has been spurred by the idea that success at the international level must be built around existing national policies. The Mistra Indigo research program —a collaboration among IVL Swedish Environmental Research Institute, the University of Gothenburg’s Department of Economics, and Resources for the Future—was created to analyze this bottom-up approach to climate policy. From 2012-2015 the program brought together leading experts in economics and environmental policy, with the goal of understanding how to design and select environmental policy instruments to promote longterm, cost-effective global climate change mitigation change while taking into account the uncertain ties of international policy.
|
|
| 2. |
- Fischer, Carolyn, et al.
(författare)
-
The Legal and Economic Case for an Auction Reserve Price in the EU Emissions Trading System
- 2020
-
Ingår i: The Columbia journal of European law. - 1076-6715. ; 26:2, s. 1-28
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- When it first launched in 2005, the European Union emissions trading system (EU ETS) expected to see carbon dioxide prices of around €30/ton and be a cornerstone of the EU's climate policy. The reality was a cascade of falling prices, a ballooning privately held emissions bank, and a decade of muted incentives for investment in the technology and innovation necessary to achieve long-term climate goals. The European Commission responded with various administrative measures, including postponing the introduction of allowances (“backloading”) and using a quantity-based criterion for regulating future allowance sales (“the market stability reserve”). While prices have now begun to recover, it is far from clear whether these measures are sufficient to adequately support the price of carbon dioxide into the future. In the meantime, governments outside the EU ETS have begun turning away from carbon pricing and adopting overlapping regulatory measures that reinforce low prices. Unfortunately, however, this further undermines confidence in market-based mechanisms for reducing greenhouse gas emissions. Other carbon markets have responded to such by introducing an auction reserve price that sets a minimum price in allowance auctions, thus avoiding the unexpectedly low price outcomes experienced in the EU ETS. Opponents of instituting such an auction reserve price in the EU ETS express two main concerns. First, they fear that a minimum auction price would interfere with the quantity-based nature of the market. Second, they argue that a reserve price would be tantamount to a tax, thus triggering a burdensome decision rule requiring unanimity among EU Member States that would be difficult to overcome. This Article reviews the economic and legal arguments for and against an auction reserve price. Our economic analysis concludes that an auction reserve price is necessary to accommodate overlapping policies and for the allowance market to operate efficiently. Our legal analysis concludes that, inasmuch as an auction reserve price is not a “provision primarily of a fiscal nature,” nor would it “significantly affect a Member State's choice between different energy sources,” no legal barriers stand in the way of the introduction of an auction reserve price into the EU ETS. We then describe two ways by which a reserve price could be introduced into this system.
|
|
| 3. |
- Sterner, Thomas, 1952, et al.
(författare)
-
Policy design for the Anthropocene
- 2019
-
Ingår i: Nature Sustainability. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 2398-9629. ; 2, s. 14-21
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- © 2019, Springer Nature Limited. Today, more than ever, ‘Spaceship Earth’ is an apt metaphor as we chart the boundaries for a safe planet1. Social scientists both analyse why society courts disaster by approaching or even overstepping these boundaries and try to design suitable policies to avoid these perils. Because the threats of transgressing planetary boundaries are global, long-run, uncertain and interconnected, they must be analysed together to avoid conflicts and take advantage of synergies. To obtain policies that are effective at both international and local levels requires careful analysis of the underlying mechanisms across scientific disciplines and approaches, and must take politics into account. In this Perspective, we examine the complexities of designing policies that can keep Earth within the biophysical limits favourable to human life.
|
|
