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- Hammar, Henrik, 1970, et al.
(författare)
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The Determinants of Sulfur Emissions from Oil Consumption in Swedish Manufacturing Industry, 1976-1995
- 2000
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Using a structural decomposition analysis, we analyze the causes of reduction in emitted sulfur originating from the manufacturing industry in Sweden during 1976-1995. We also analyze how policy instruments work with respect to sulfur emissions. We conclude that the sulfur tax has been important for reducing sulfur emissions. It affects energy prices, and hence substitution from heavy fuel oil (HFO) to light fuel oil (LFO), as well as substitution from oil to other energy sources. The sulfur tax also addresses sulfur emissions through a reduction of sulfur content of oil directly.
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- Löfgren, Åsa, 1972, et al.
(författare)
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The Phase-Out of Leaded Gasoline in the EU: A Successful Failure?
- 1999
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The objective of this paper is to analyze in both descriptive and econometric terms the phase-out of leaded gasoline consumption in the EU countries. The phase-out process is characterized by increased consumption of unleaded gasoline. We analyze the importance of price differences, share of catalytic converters, income per capita, and country characteristics in the phase-out process. Since the expected maintenance costs of using unleaded gasoline in cars without catalytic converters compared to the use of leaded gasoline differ insignificantly according to available evidence, and consumers still use leaded gasoline even though unleaded gasoline is cheaper; we interpret this as a lack of reliable information. The results indicate that countries, which have not yet phased out leaded gasoline, should do this by either banning leaded gasoline or by increasing the tax differential between leaded and unleaded gasoline depending on the objective of the social planner.
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