| 1. |
- Fu, Z. J., et al.
(författare)
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Dietary omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids decrease retinal neovascularization by adipose-endoplasmic reticulum stress reduction to increase adiponectin
- 2015
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Ingår i: American Journal of Clinical Nutrition. - : Elsevier BV. - 0002-9165 .- 1938-3207. ; 101:4, s. 879-888
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) is a vision-threatening disease in premature infants. Serum adiponectin (APN) concentrations positively correlate with postnatal growth and gestational age, important risk factors for ROP development. Dietary omega-3 (n-3) long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (omega-3 LCPUFAs) suppress ROP and oxygen-induced retinopathy (OIR) in a mouse model of human ROP, but the mechanism is not fully understood. Objective: We examined the role of APN in ROP development and whether circulating APN concentrations are increased by dietary omega-3 LCPUFAs to mediate the protective effect in ROP. Design: Serum APN concentrations were correlated with ROP development and serum omega-3 LCPUFA concentrations in preterm infants. Mouse OIR was then used to determine whether omega-3 LCPUFA supplementation increases serum APN concentrations, which then suppress retinopathy. Results: We found that in preterm infants, low serum APN concentrations positively correlate with ROP, and serum APN concentrations positively correlate with serum omega-3 LCPUFA concentrations. In mouse OIR, serum total APN and bioactive high-molecular-weight APN concentrations are increased by omega-3 LCPUFA feed. White adipose tissue, where APN is produced and assembled in the endoplasmic reticulum, is the major source of serum APN. In mouse OIR, adipose endoplasmic reticulum stress is increased, and APN production is suppressed. omega-3 LCPUFA feed in mice increases APN production by reducing adipose endoplasmic reticulum stress markers. Dietary omega-3 LCPUFA suppression of neovascularization is reduced from 70% to 10% with APN deficiency. APN receptors localize in the retina, particularly to pathologic neovessels. Conclusion: Our findings suggest that increasing APN by omega-3 LCPUFA supplementation in total parental nutrition for preterm infants may suppress ROP.
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| 2. |
- Connor, K. M., et al.
(författare)
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Increased dietary intake of omega-3-polyunsaturated fatty acids reduces pathological retinal angiogenesis
- 2007
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Ingår i: Nat Med. - 1078-8956.
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Many sight-threatening diseases have two critical phases, vessel loss followed by hypoxia-driven destructive neovascularization. These diseases include retinopathy of prematurity and diabetic retinopathy, leading causes of blindness in childhood and middle age affecting over 4 million people in the United States. We studied the influence of omega-3- and omega-6-polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) on vascular loss, vascular regrowth after injury, and hypoxia-induced pathological neovascularization in a mouse model of oxygen-induced retinopathy. We show that increasing omega-3-PUFA tissue levels by dietary or genetic means decreased the avascular area of the retina by increasing vessel regrowth after injury, thereby reducing the hypoxic stimulus for neovascularization. The bioactive omega-3-PUFA-derived mediators neuroprotectinD1, resolvinD1 and resolvinE1 also potently protected against neovascularization. The protective effect of omega-3-PUFAs and their bioactive metabolites was mediated, in part, through suppression of tumor necrosis factor-alpha. This inflammatory cytokine was found in a subset of microglia that was closely associated with retinal vessels. These findings indicate that increasing the sources of omega-3-PUFA or their bioactive products reduces pathological angiogenesis. Western diets are often deficient in omega-3-PUFA, and premature infants lack the important transfer from the mother to the infant of omega-3-PUFA that normally occurs in the third trimester of pregnancy. Supplementing omega-3-PUFA intake may be of benefit in preventing retinopathy.
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| 3. |
- Cakir, B., et al.
(författare)
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Thrombocytopenia is associated with severe retinopathy of prematurity
- 2018
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Ingår i: Jci Insight. - : American Society for Clinical Investigation. - 2379-3708. ; 3:19
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) is characterized by abnormal retinal neovascularization in response to vessel loss. Platelets regulate angiogenesis and may influence ROP progression. In preterm infants, we assessed ROP and correlated with longitudinal postnatal platelet counts (n = 202). Any episode of thrombocytopenia (< 100 x 10(9)/l) at >= 30 weeks postmenstrual age (at onset of ROP) was independently associated with severe ROP, requiring treatment. Infants with severe ROP also had a lower weekly median platelet count compared with infants with less severe ROP. In a mouse oxygen-induced retinopathy model of ROP, platelet counts were lower at P17 (peak neovascularization) versus controls. Platelet transfusions at P15 and P16 suppressed neovascularization, and platelet depletion increased neovascularization. Platelet transfusion decreased retinal of vascular endothelial growth factor A (VEGFA) mRNA and protein expression; platelet depletion increased retinal VEGFA mRNA and protein expression. Resting platelets with intact granules reduced neovascularization, while thrombin-activated degranulated platelets did not. These data suggest that platelet releasate has a local antiangiogenic effect on endothelial cells to exert a downstream suppression of VEGFA in neural retina. Low platelet counts during the neovascularization phase in ROP is significantly associated with the development of severe ROP in preterm infants. In a murine model of retinopathy, platelet transfusion during the period of neovascularization suppressed retinopathy.
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| 4. |
- Fu, Z. J., et al.
(författare)
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Adiponectin Mediates Dietary Omega-3 Long-Chain Polyunsaturated Fatty Acid Protection Against Choroidal Neovascularization in Mice
- 2017
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Ingår i: Investigative Ophthalmology & Visual Science. - : Association for Research in Vision and Ophthalmology (ARVO). - 0146-0404 .- 1552-5783. ; 58:10, s. 3862-3870
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- PURPOSE. Neovascular age-related macular degeneration (AMD) is a major cause of legal blindness in the elderly. Diets with omega3-long-chain-polyunsaturated-fatty-acid (omega 3-LCPUFA) correlate with a decreased risk of AMD. Dietary omega 3-LCPUFA versus omega 6-LCPUFA inhibits mouse ocular neovascularization, but the underlying mechanism needs further exploration. The aim of this study was to investigate if adiponectin (APN) mediated x omega 3-LCPUFA suppression of neovessels in AMD. METHODS. The mouse laser-induced choroidal neovascularization (CNV) model was used to mimic some of the inflammatory aspect of AMD. CNV was compared between wild-type (WT) and Apn(-/-) mice fed either otherwise matched diets with 2% x3 or 2% omega 6-LCPUFAs. Vldlr(-/-) mice were used to mimic some of the metabolic aspects of AMD. Choroid assay ex vivo and human retinal microvascular endothelial cell (HRMEC) proliferation assay in vitro was used to investigate the APN pathway in angiogenesis. Western blot for p-AMPK alpha/AMPK alpha and qPCR for Apn, Mmps, and IL-10 were used to define mechanism. RESULTS. omega 3-LCPUFA intake suppressed laser-induced CNV in WT mice; suppression was abolished with APN deficiency. omega 3-LCPUFA, mediated by APN, decreased mouse Mmps expression. APN deficiency decreased AMPK alpha phosphorylation in vivo and exacerbated choroid-sprouting ex vivo. APN pathway activation inhibited HRMEC proliferation and decreased Mmps. In Vldlr(-/-) mice, omega 3-LCPUFA increased retinal AdipoR1 and inhibited NV. omega 3-LCPUFA decreased IL-10 but did not affect Mmps in Vldlr(-/-) retinas. CONCLUSIONS. APN in part mediated omega 3-LCPUFA inhibition of neovascularization in two mouse models of AMD. Modulating the APN pathway in conjunction with a omega 3-LCPUFA-enriched-diet may augment the beneficial effects of omega 3-LCPUFA in AMD patients.
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| 5. |
- Löfqvist, Chatarina, 1964, et al.
(författare)
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IGFBP3 suppresses retinopathy through suppression of oxygen-induced vessel loss and promotion of vascular regrowth
- 2007
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Ingår i: Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. - 0027-8424. ; 104:25, s. 10589-94
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Vessel loss precipitates many diseases. In particular, vessel loss resulting in hypoxia induces retinal neovascularization in diabetic retinopathy and in retinopathy of prematurity (ROP), major causes of blindness. Here we define insulin-like growth factor binding protein-3 (IGFBP3) as a new modulator of vascular survival and regrowth in oxygen-induced retinopathy. In IGFBP3-deficient mice, there was a dose-dependent increase in oxygen-induced retinal vessel loss. Subsequent to oxygen-induced retinal vessel loss, Igfbp3(-/-) mice had a 31% decrease in retinal vessel regrowth versus controls after returning to room air. No difference in serum insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF1) levels was observed among groups. Wild-type mice treated with exogenous IGFBP3 had a significant increase in vessel regrowth. This correlated with a 30% increase in endothelial progenitor cells in the retina at postnatal day 15, indicating that IGFBP3 could be serving as a progenitor cell chemoattractant. In a prospective clinical study, we measured IGFBP3 (and IGF1) plasma levels weekly and examined retinas in all premature infants born at gestational ages <32 weeks at high risk for ROP. The mean level of IGFBP3 at 30-35 weeks postmenstrual age (PMA) for infants with proliferative ROP (ROP stages 3>, n = 13) was 802 microg/liter, and for infants with no ROP (ROP stage 0, n = 38) the mean level was 974 microg/liter (P < 0.03). These results suggest that IGFBP3, acting independently of IGF1, helps to prevent oxygen-induced vessel loss and to promote vascular regrowth after vascular destruction in vivo in a dose-dependent manner, resulting in less retinal neovascularization.
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| 6. |
- Cakir, B., et al.
(författare)
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IGF1, serum glucose, and retinopathy of prematurity in extremely preterm infants
- 2020
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Ingår i: Jci Insight. - : American Society for Clinical Investigation. - 2379-3708. ; 5:19
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BACKGROUND. Hyperglycemia, insulin insensitivity, and low IGF1 levels in extremely preterm infants are associated with an increased risk of retinopathy of prematurity (ROP), but the interactions are incompletely understood. METHODS. In 117 extremely preterm infants, serum glucose levels and parenteral glucose intake were recoded daily in the first postnatal week. Serum IGF1 levels were measured weekly. Mice with oxygen-induced retinopathy alone versus oxygen-induced retinopathy plus streptozotocin-induced hyperglycemia/hypoinsulinemia were assessed for glucose, insulin, IGF1, IGFBP1, and IGFBP3 in blood and liver. Recombinant human IGF1 was injected to assess the effect on glucose and retinopathy. RESULTS. The highest mean plasma glucose tertile of infants positively correlated with parenteral glucose intake [r (39) = 0.67, P < 0.0001]. IGF1 plasma levels were lower in the high tertile compared with those in low and intermediate tertiles at day 28 (P = 0.038 and P = 0.03). In high versus lower glucose tertiles, ROP was more prevalent (34 of 39 versus 19 of 39) and more severe (ROP stage 3 or higher; 71% versus 32%). In oxygen-induced retinopathy, hyperglycemia/hypoinsulinemia decreased liver IGF1 expression (P < 0.0001); rh-IGF1 treatment improved normal vascular regrowth (P = 0.027) and reduced neovascularization (P < 0.0001). CONCLUSION. In extremely preterm infants, high early postnatal plasma glucose levels and signs of insulin insensitivity were associated with lower IGF1 levels and increased ROP severity. In a hyperglycemia retinopathy mouse model, decreased insulin signaling suppressed liver IGF1 production, lowered serum IGF1 levels, and increased neovascularization. IGF1 supplementation improved retinal revascularization and decreased pathological neovascularization. The data support IGF1 as a potential treatment for prevention of ROP.
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| 7. |
- Löfqvist, Chatarina, 1964, et al.
(författare)
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A pharmacokinetic and dosing study of intravenous insulin-like growth factor-I and IGF-binding protein-3 complex to preterm infants
- 2009
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Ingår i: Pediatric Research. - 1530-0447 .- 0031-3998. ; 65:5, s. 574-9
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In preterm infants, low levels of insulin like growth factor 1 (IGF-I) have been associated with impaired growth and retinopathy of prematurity. Our objective was to study safety and pharmacokinetics of i.v. administered rhIGF-I with its binding protein 3 (rhIGFBP-3) to preterm infants. At 3 d chronological age, an i.v. 3 h infusion of rhIGF-I/rhIGFBP-3 was administered followed by serial measurements of IGF-I and IGFBP-3. Infants were evaluated for physiologic safety measurements. The individual dose of rhIGF-I ranged from 1 to 12 microg/kg. The study was conducted at Queen Silvia Children's Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden, between January and November 2007. Five patients (3 F) with mean (range) post menstrual age 27 wk (26-29) and birth weight 1022 g (810-1310) participated. IGF-I and IGFBP-3 levels before infusion were median (range) 18 (12-28) and 771 (651-1047) ng/mL, respectively. Immediately after study drug infusion, serum IGF-I and IGFBP-3 levels were 38 (25-59) and 838 (754-1182) ng/mL, respectively. Median (range) half-life for IGF-I and IGFBP-3 was 0.79 (0.59-1.42) and 0.87 (0.85-0.94) hours, respectively. Blood glucose, insulin, sodium, potassium, and physiologic safety measures were within normal ranges. The rhIGF-I/rhIGFBP-3 equimolar proportion was effective in increasing serum IGF-I levels and administration under these study conditions was safe and well tolerated.
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| 8. |
- Löfqvist, Chatarina, 1964, et al.
(författare)
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Quantification and localization of the IGF/insulin system expression in retinal blood vessels and neurons during oxygen-induced retinopathy in mice
- 2009
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Ingår i: Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci. - 1552-5783. ; 50:4, s. 1831-1837
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- PURPOSE: Retinopathy is a result of pathologic angiogenesis influenced by insulinlike growth factor (IGF)-1. The authors examined the local expression of the IGF/insulin family. METHODS: In retinas with and without oxygen-induced retinopathy, the authors assessed with real-time RT-PCR mRNA expression of the IGF-1 receptor (IGF-1R), insulin receptor (IR), IGF-1, IGF-2, insulin (Ins2), and IGF-binding protein 1 (IGFBP1) to IGFBP6 in total retina from postnatal day (P) 7 to P33 to examine changes over time with the induction of retinopathy and at P17 on laser-captured retinal components to quantitatively localize mRNA expression in the ganglion cell layer, the outer nuclear layer, the inner nuclear layer, normal blood vessels, and neovascular tufts. RESULTS: IGF-1R and IR are expressed predominantly in photoreceptors and in vessels, with scant expression in the rest of the neural retina. IGF-1R expression is more than 100-fold greater than IR. The major local growth factor (expressed in photoreceptors and in blood vessels) is IGF-2 (approximately 1000-fold greater than IGF-1). IGF-1 (approximately 600 copies/10(6) cyclophilin) is expressed throughout the retina. IGFBP2, IGFBP4, and IGFBP5 expression is unchanged with increasing retinal development and with the induction of retinopathy. In contrast, IGFBP3 expression increased more than 5-fold with hypoxia, found in neovascular tufts. CONCLUSIONS: IGF-1R, IR, and the ligand IGF-2 are expressed almost exclusively in photoreceptors and blood vessels. IGFBP3 and IGFBP5 expression increases in neovascular tufts compared with normal vessels. IGF-1 is expressed throughout the retina at much lower levels. These results suggest cross-talk between vessels and photoreceptors in the development of retinopathy and retinal vasculature.
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