| 1. |
- Aaltonen, H. Laura, et al.
(författare)
-
Airspace dimension assessment with nanoparticles as a proposed biomarker for emphysema
- 2021
-
Ingår i: Thorax. - : BMJ. - 0040-6376 .- 1468-3296. ; 76:10, s. 1040-1043
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Airspace dimension assessment with nanoparticles (AiDA) is a novel method to measure distal airspace radius non-invasively. In this study, AiDA radii were measured in 618 individuals from the population-based Swedish CArdiopulmonary BioImaging Study, SCAPIS. Subjects with emphysema detected by computed tomography were compared to non-emphysematous subjects. The 47 individuals with mainly mild-to-moderate visually detected emphysema had significantly larger AiDA radii, compared with non-emphysematous subjects (326±48 μm vs 291±36 μm); OR for emphysema per 10 μm: 1.22 (1.13-1.30, p<0.0001). Emphysema according to CT densitometry was similarly associated with larger radii compared with non-emphysematous CT examinations (316±41 μm vs 291 μm±26 μm); OR per 10 μm: 1.16 (1.08-1.24, p<0.0001). The results are in line with comparable studies. The results show that AiDA is a potential biomarker for emphysema in individuals in the general population.
|
|
| 2. |
|
|
| 3. |
|
|
| 4. |
|
|
| 5. |
|
|
| 6. |
- Alsved, Malin, et al.
(författare)
-
Airborne bacteria in hospital operating rooms during ongoing surgery
- 2018
-
Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- IntroductionPost-operative infections obtained from open-wound surgeries constitute an unnecessary load on both healthcare and affected patients. It is well established that increased air cleanliness reduces the number of post-operative infections. Therefore, the ventilation system is important in order to reduce the number of infectious particles in the air during surgery. Ventilation with high airflow, as in operating rooms, consumes a high amount of energy and it is thus desirable to find energy efficient solutions. ObjectivesThe purpose of this work was to evaluate air quality, energy efficiency and working environment comfort for three different ventilation techniques in operating rooms. MethodThe newly developed ventilation system temperature controlled airflow (TcAF) was compared with the conventionally used turbulent mixed airflow (TMA) and laminar airflow (LAF). In total, 750 air sample measurements were performed during 45 orthopaedic operations: 15 for each type of ventilation system [1]. The concentration of colony forming units (CFU)/m3 was measured at three locations in the rooms: close to the wound (<0.5 m), at the instrument table and peripherally in the room. The working environment comfort was evaluated in a questionnaire.ResultsOur study shows that both LAF and TcAF maintains CFU concentrations in the air during ongoing surgery significantly below 10 CFU/m3 at the wound and at the instrument table, and for TcAF also in the periphery of the room, see Figure 1. The median CFU concentration in TMA was at or above 10 CFU/m3 at all locations. TcAF used less than half the airflow to that of LAF, resulting in a 28% reduction in energy consumption. The working environment comfort was perceived less noisy and having less draft in the TcAF than the LAF ventilation.SummaryBoth the LAF and TcAF ventilation maintain high air cleanliness with low CFU concentrations throughout the operation. TMA is less efficient in removing bacteria from the air close to the patient.
|
|
| 7. |
|
|
| 8. |
|
|
| 9. |
- Alsved, Malin, et al.
(författare)
-
Experimental and computational evaluation of airborne bacteria in hospital operating rooms with high airflows
- 2018
-
Ingår i: Proceedings of The 5<sup>th</sup> Working & Indoor Aerosols Conference 18-20 April 2018; Cassino, Italy.
-
Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Post-operative infections after surgery can be decreased by the use of efficient ventilation with clean air. In this study, we investigated three types of operating room ventilation: turbulent mixed airflow(TMA), laminar airflow (LAF) and a new type of ventilation named temperature controlled airflow(TcAF). Measurements of airborne bacteria were made during surgery and compared with values calculated by computational fluid dynamics (CFD). The results show that LAF and TcAF are most efficient in removing bacteria around the patient. With LAF, there are large differences in bacterial loads, depending on location in the room.
|
|
| 10. |
- Andersen, Christina, et al.
(författare)
-
Inhalation and dermal uptake of particle and gas phase phthalates - A human chamber exposure study
- 2018
-
Ingår i: 15th Conference of the International Society of Indoor Air Quality and Climate, INDOOR AIR 2018. - 9781713826514
-
Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- We have exposed sixteen test subjects to particle and gas phase phthalates in the controlled chamber exposure study. Deuterium labelled phthalates were used to generate particle D4-DEHP (di(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate) and gas phase D4-DEP (diethyl phthalate) for exposures scenarios allowed studying the dermal only and combined inhalational and dermal uptake. Metabolites were measured in urine samples before and after three hours of exposure. The inhalation was the dominant route of uptake for both DEHP and DEP in this study design and exposure settings. Larger uptake of DEP compared to DEHP both via inhalation and dermal uptake was observed. Dermal uptake of DEHP was not observed in this study. Inhalational urinary excretion factors of the metabolites were found to be 0.73 for DEHP and 0.53 for DEP. This study also highlights the importance of taking into consideration the deposited dose of inhaled particles in studies of uptake of particles.
|
|
