| 1. |
- Ekdahl, Ylva, et al.
(författare)
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A-to-I editing of microRNAs in the mammalian brain increases during development
- 2012
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Ingår i: Genome Research. - : Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory. - 1088-9051 .- 1549-5469. ; 22:8, s. 1477-1487
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Adenosine-to-inosine (A-to-I) RNA editing targets double-stranded RNA stem-loop structures in the mammalian brain. It has previously been shown that miRNAs are substrates for A-to-I editing. For the first time, we show that for several definitions of edited miRNA, the level of editing increases with development, thereby indicating a regulatory role for editing during brain maturation. We use high-throughput RNA sequencing to determine editing levels in mature miRNA, from the mouse transcriptome, and compare these with the levels of editing in pri-miRNA. We show that increased editing during development gradually changes the proportions of the two miR-376a isoforms, which previously have been shown to have different targets. Several other miRNAs that also are edited in the seed sequence show an increased level of editing through development. By comparing editing of pri-miRNA with editing and expression of the corresponding mature miRNA, we also show an editing-induced developmental regulation of miRNA expression. Taken together, our results imply that RNA editing influences the miRNA repertoire during brain maturation.
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| 2. |
- Hallberg, Daniel, et al.
(författare)
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Moving in and out of public geriatric care in Sweden
- 2007
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- In this paper we present empirical results concerning the interplay between the development of dependency in activities for daily living (ADL), the informal support from a partner, and the mode of public old age care (OAC) services among the very old (75+). We also study excess-mortality conditional on the mode of OAC.Three forms of publicly provided OAC are distinguished: independent living in ordinary home without public support, independent living in ordinary home or special accommodations with home help and home health care, and living in special accommodations with round-the-clock-care.Our results suggest, given the level of ADL and age, that the propensity to move to a more intensive mode of care was higher for women compared to men. There was, however, also an effect of the availability of informal care support that moved in the opposite direction; men with a partner were more likely to move from home-help service to a living in special accommodation, while women with a partner were more likely to remain with the same care mode than women without a partner. We also find a lower mortality among cohabitants with home-help services, while it is higher among cohabitants with special accommodation. Our estimates furthermore show the importance of removing the influence of unobserved heterogeneity.
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| 3. |
- Klevmarken, N. Anders, et al.
(författare)
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Simulating the future of the Swedish baby-boom generations
- 2007
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- For the purpose of studying the consequences of the ageing of the Swedish population a group of scientists have enlarged the microsimulation model SESIM - originally developed at the Swedish Ministry of Finance - with modules that simulate health status, take up of sickness benefits, retirement, the utilization of health care and social care and the dynamics of the income and wealth distributions. This paper motivates and reviews the structure of these modules with a focus on problems and solutions. It also summarizes the main results of the simulations. A complete description of the models and results are forthcoming in a volume included in the Elsevier series Contributions to Economic Analysis.
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| 4. |
- Lagergren, Mårten, et al.
(författare)
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Healthy life years in old age : Swedish development 1980-2010 according to different health indicators
- 2016
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Ingår i: Scandinavian Journal of Public Health. - : SAGE Publications. - 1403-4948 .- 1651-1905. ; 44:1, s. 55-61
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Aims: To investigate the development of healthy life expectancy from 65 years (HLE65) in Sweden in the period 1980 and 2010 by using two different health indicators: self-rated health and the global activity limitation indicator (GALI).Methods: Sources of data for the HLE computations were Swedish national mortality statistics and the nationwide Swedish Survey of Living Conditions (SSLC), which have been conducted biennially by Statistics Sweden since 1974. We used the Sullivan method for calculations of HLE. A decomposition into mortality and disability effect has been made in accordance with the method devised by Nusselder.Results: Life expectancy at age 65 (LE65) increased by 3.1 years for women and 4.0 years for men from 1980/85 to 2006/11. Regardless of which health measure investigated - self-rated health or GALI - HLE65 increased between the periods 1980/85 to 2006/2011 more rapidly than LE65 and as a consequence the years with bad self-rated health and years with activity limitations decreased. These increases as well as the decreases were significant (p<0.05).Conclusions: The Swedish LE65 and HLE65 development, as judged by the SSLC study, are compatible with the postponement hypothesis and there is even a clear tendency for compression. Thus, the years with bad self-rated health and years with activity limitations are postponed to a higher age and the number of those years have decreased. From this respect, the Swedish development looks positive. The need of old age care in 2010 would have been much higher if it had been expansion - not postponement - of bad self-rated health and years with activity limitations during the time period.
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| 5. |
- Lagergren, Mårten, et al.
(författare)
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Horizontal and vertical target efficiency - a comparison between users and non-users of public long-term care in Sweden
- 2014
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Ingår i: Ageing & Society. - : Cambridge University Press. - 0144-686X .- 1469-1779. ; 34:4, s. 700-719
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The extent to which a system of services is in tune with the needs of the population can be expressed in terms of target efficiency, which includes horizontal target efficiency - the extent to which those deemed to need a service receive it - and vertical target efficiency - the corresponding extent to which those who receive a service actually need it. Vertical efficiency can be measured by looking only at those receiving services. To measure horizontal target efficiency in a population, one must have access to population surveys. Data were taken from the baseline survey of the Swedish National Study on Ageing and Care (SNAC study). The results show that more than 80 per cent of those dependent in personal activities of daily living in the studied geographic areas were users of public long-term care (LTC). Dependency in instrumental activities of daily living was identified as the most important predictor of using LTC. Vertical target efficiency was 83-95 per cent depending on age, gender and type of household, if need was defined as dependency in instrumental activities of daily living. It was considerably lower, 35-61 per cent when defined as dependency in personal daily activities. Overall, long-term target efficiency in Sweden must be regarded as high. Few persons who need public LTC services fail to receive them.
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| 6. |
- Lagergren, Mårten, et al.
(författare)
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Horizontal and vertical targeting : a population-based comparison of public eldercare services in urban and rural areas of Sweden
- 2016
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Ingår i: Aging Clinical and Experimental Research. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1594-0667 .- 1720-8319. ; 28:1, s. 147-158
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The concepts of target efficiency can be used to assess the extent to which service provision is in line with the needs of the population. Horizontal target efficiency denotes the extent to which those deemed to need a service receive it and vertical target efficiency is the corresponding extent to which those who receive services actually need them. The aim of this study was to assess the target efficiency of the Swedish eldercare system and to establish whether target efficiencies differ in different geographical areas such as large urban, midsize urban and rural areas. Vertical efficiency was measured by studying those people who received eldercare services and was expressed as a percentage of those who received services who were functionally dependent. To measure horizontal target efficiency, data collected at baseline in the longitudinal population study SNAC (Swedish National study on Aging and Care) during the years 2001-2004 were used. The horizontal efficiency was calculated as the percentage of functionally dependent persons who received services. Functional dependency was measured as having difficulty with instrumental activities of daily living (IADL) and/or personal activities of daily living (PADL). Services included long-term municipal eldercare services (LTC). Horizontal target efficiency for the public LTC system was reasonably high in all three geographical areas, when using dependency in PADL as the measure of need (70-90 %), but efficiency was lower when the less restrictive measure of IADL dependency was used (40-50 %). In both cases, the target efficiency was markedly higher in the large urban and the rural areas than in the midsize urban areas. Vertical target efficiency showed the same pattern-it was almost 100 % in all areas for IADL dependency, but only 50-60 % for PADL dependency. Household composition differed in the areas studied as did the way public long-term care was provided to people living alone as compared to those co-habiting.
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| 7. |
- Lagergren, Mårten, et al.
(författare)
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The demand for old age care
- 2008
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Ingår i: Simulating an aging population. A microsimulation approach applied to Sweden. - Bingley, UK : Emerald Group Publishing Limited. - 9780444532534
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Bokkapitel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)
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| 8. |
- Lagergren, Mårten, et al.
(författare)
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Towards a postponement of activities of daily living dependence and mobility limitations : Trends in healthy life years in old age in Sweden
- 2017
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Ingår i: Scandinavian Journal of Public Health. - : SAGE Publications. - 1403-4948 .- 1651-1905. ; 45:5, s. 520-527
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Aims: To investigate the development of healthy life expectancy from 65 years (HLE65) in Sweden in the period 1980-2011 using the health indicators activities of daily living (ADL) and mobility limitations within the framework of the postponement, compression and expansion theories. Methods: Sources of data for the HLE computations were Swedish national mortality statistics and the nationwide Swedish Surveys of Living Conditions, conducted biennially by Statistics Sweden since 1974. We used the Sullivan method for calculations of HLE and a decomposition into mortality and disability effects was made. Results: Life expectancy at age 65 (LE65) increased by 3.1 years for women and 4.0 years for men from 1980-1985 to 2006-2011. HLE65 calculated according to ADL and mobility limitations increased more rapidly than LE65 for both men and women (p<0.05). Conclusions: Our results for trends in the Swedish LE65 and HLE65, computed on the basis of ADL and mobility limitations and using the Swedish Surveys of Living Conditions study, are in line with the postponement hypothesis and there is also a tendency for compression. Thus the years with ADL dependence and mobility limitations are postponed to a higher age and the numbers of these years have decreased.
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| 9. |
- Nordberg, Gunilla, et al.
(författare)
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Time use and costs of institutionalised elderly persons with or without dementia : results from the Nordanstig cohort in the Kungsholmen Project - a population based study in Sweden
- 2007
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Ingår i: International Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry. - : Wiley. - 0885-6230 .- 1099-1166. ; 22:7, s. 639-648
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background The aging of the population has become a worldwide phenomenon. This leads to increased demand for services and with limited resources it is important to find a way to estimate how resources can be match to those with greatest need. Aims To analyse time use and costs in institutional care in relation to different levels of cognitive and functional capacity for elderly persons. Methods The population consisted of all institutionalised inhabitants, 75 + years, living in a rural community (n=176). They were clinically examined by physicians and inter-viewed by nurses. Staff and informal care-giving time was examined with the RUD (Resource Utilization in Dementia) instrument. Results Tobit regression analyses showed that having dementia increased the amount of ADL care time with 0.9 h when compared to those not having dementia, whereas each loss of an ADL function (0-6) added 0.6 h of ADL care time. Analysing the total care time use, the presence of dementia added more than 9 h, while each loss of one ADL function added 2.9 h. There were some informal care contributions, however with no correlation to severity in dependency. The estimated cost for institutional care increased with more than 85% for people being dependent in 5-6 ADL activities compared to persons with no functional dependency, and with 30% for persons with dementia compared to the non-demented. Conclusion There is a variation in time use in institutional settings due to differences in ADL dependency but also whether dementia is present or not. This variation has implications for costs of institutional care.
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| 10. |
- Pimouguet, Clement, et al.
(författare)
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Influence of Incipient Dementia on Hospitalization for Primary Care Sensitive Conditions : A Population-Based Cohort Study
- 2016
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Ingår i: Journal of Alzheimer's Disease. - 1387-2877 .- 1875-8908. ; 52:1, s. 213-222
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Studies have reported that moderate/severe stages of dementia are linked to increased hospitalization rates, but little is known about the influence of incipient dementia on hospitalizations for primary care sensitive conditions (PCSCs). Objective: To examine the associations between incipient dementia and hospitalization outcomes, including all-cause and PCSC hospitalization. Methods: A total of 2,268 dementia-free participants in the Swedish National study on Aging and Care-Kungsholmen were interviewed and clinically examined at baseline. Participants aged >= 78 years were followed for 3 years, and those aged 60-72 years, for 6 years. Number of hospitalizations was retrieved from the National Patient Register. Dementia was diagnosed in accordance with Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders-IV criteria. Hospitalization outcomes were compared in participants who did and did not develop dementia. Zero-inflated Poisson regressions and logistic regressions were used in data analysis. Results: During the follow-up, 175 participants developed dementia. The unadjusted PCSC admission rate was 88.2 per 1000 person-years in those who developed dementia and 25.6 per 1000 person-years in those who did not. In the fully adjusted logistic regression model, incipient dementia was associated with an increased risk of hospitalization for PCSCs (OR = 2.3, 95% CI 1.3-3.9) but not with the number of hospitalizations or with all-cause hospitalization. Risks for hospitalization for diabetes, congestive heart failure, and pyelonephritis were higher in those who developed dementia than in those who did not. About 10% participants had a PCSC hospitalization attributable to incipient dementia. Conclusion: People with incipient dementia are more prone to hospitalization for PCSCs but not to all-cause hospitalization.
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