| 1. |
- Lampinen, M., et al.
(författare)
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Eosinophil granulocytes are activated during the remission phase of ulcerative colitis
- 2005
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Ingår i: Gut. ; 54:12, s. 1714-20
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- AIM: The aim of this study was to establish a method of investigating intestinal eosinophil and neutrophil granulocytes by flow cytometry, and to compare the distribution and activity of these cells in different stages of ulcerative colitis (UC). METHODS: Biopsy samples were taken from six locations of the entire colon and from the terminal ileum in 10 patients with active total UC, 10 patients with inactive total UC, eight patients with active distal UC, and 11 control subjects. Cell suspensions from biopsies and from peripheral blood were incubated with fluorophore conjugated monoclonal antibodies. The use of scatter plot-gating and specific antibodies was established in a flow cytometry assay. RESULTS: Eosinophils were more numerous and more active in patients with active UC than in controls. Interestingly, during inactive UC, the number of activated eosinophils was even larger. Eosinophil activity was high in the rectum of patients with distal colitis but was also slightly elevated in the proximal colon. Neutrophils were increased in number and activity during active but not inactive UC. In patients with distal colitis, activated neutrophils were only found in the sigmoid colon and rectum. CONCLUSION: With this method, we confirm that neutrophils participate in the inflammatory process during active UC, and that they express a resting phenotype during remission. The finding of activated eosinophils in inflamed intestine strengthens the view of these cells as proinflammatory and tissue damaging. Nevertheless, our new finding of high eosinophil activation during inactive UC suggests that eosinophils play a role in repair of injured epithelium.
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| 2. |
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| 3. |
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| 4. |
- JUTTINEN, S, et al.
(författare)
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GAMMA-RAY SPECTROSCOPY OF CD-110
- 1994
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Ingår i: Nuclear Physics A. - 0375-9474 .- 1873-1554. ; 573:2, s. 306-332
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The nucleus Cd-110 has been studied using the C-13 and O-18 induced reactions and the NORDBALL multi-detector array. The yrast band was observed to I(pi) = 28+ and a large number of side bands were identified. The h11/2 neutrons were found to play a dominant role in the observed rotational structures. The weakly populated yrast 3187 keV 8+ state is interpreted as arising from the proton g9/2(-2) configuration. Collective bands, where the band members are connected by DELTAI = 1 transitions and where the DELTAI = 2 transitions are not observed, are also reported. These bands are interpreted to have prolate configurations involving both the h11/2 neutrons and the g9/2 protons. The experimental data are discussed in terms of the total routhian surface and cranked shell model calculations.
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| 5. |
- Juutinen, S, et al.
(författare)
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Band structures in Ba-132
- 1995
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Ingår i: PHYSICAL REVIEW C-NUCLEAR PHYSICS. - : AMER INST PHYSICS. ; 52:6, s. 2946-2954
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Tidskriftsartikel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Excited states of Ba-132 were studied in an experiment utilizing the Sn-124(C-13,5n) reaction at a beam energy of 65.5 MeV. The level scheme of Ba-132 was considerably extended from what was previously known. Evidence is presented for neutron h(11/2) alig
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| 6. |
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| 7. |
- Nissinen, T., et al.
(författare)
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Comparison of preparation routes of spinel catalyst for alkaline fuel cells
- 2004
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Ingår i: Materials research bulletin. - : Elsevier BV. - 0025-5408 .- 1873-4227. ; 39:9, s. 1195-1208
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- MnCo2O4 has been used as a catalyst for oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) in alkaline fuel cells due to easier production and lower costs compared to noble metals. A novel method using a microwave-assisted route of synthesis in the presence of amorphous carbon was developed resulting in MnCo2O4 with particle sizes
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| 8. |
- Spets, J-P, et al.
(författare)
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Bioorganic materials as a fuel source for low-temperature direct-mode fuel cells
- 2010
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Ingår i: Electrochimica Acta. - : Elsevier BV. - 0013-4686 .- 1873-3859. ; 55:26, s. 7706-7709
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In this study a direct-mode fuel cell in which the fuel and electrolyte are mixed with each other is tested. An alkaline electrolyte is used. The aim was to develop a fuel cell which operates directly by mixing the fuel with the electrolyte. The target is to create a fuel cell with a capacity of a few mW cm(-2) with starch as a fuel source. Starch, glucose, and sorbitol were tested as fuels for the fuel cell. With the selected fuel cell type and with glucose as the fuel, a maximum current density of 8 mA cm(-2) with a voltage of 0.5 V was obtained.
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| 9. |
- Spets, J.-P, et al.
(författare)
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Direct-Mode Glucose Fuel Cells with Near-Neutral-State Electrolytes : Anode Electrode Studies with Different Catalysts and Electrolytes
- 2009
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Ingår i: The Open Fuels & Energy Science Journal. - : Bentham Open. - 1876-973X. ; 2, s. 82-86
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In the present study, a direct-mode glucose fuel cell with a neutral-state and near-neutral-state aqueous electrolytes is studied. The near-neutral state electrolytes are important for two reasons. Firstly, the pH of the electrolytes would be near the pH of liquid in living cells. Secondly, the neutral electrolyte would enable good corrosion resistance of catalyst materials. Three different catalyst materials, i.e. Pt-Pd, Raney-Ni and Ni-porphyrin complex, are tested in an anode half-cell configuration with one neutral-state (battery water) and with two near-neutral-state aqueous electrolytes, i.e. modified Krebs-Ringer (K-R) and phosphate, both buffered to a pH value of 7.4. Pt-Pd catalyst in the aqueous K-R electrolyte maintains the negative voltage of the anode half cell with higher current densities that the nickel catalysts do. To estimate the operation of the direct-mode glucose fuel cell, the K-R electrolyte from the anode half-cell tests is tested also in the cathode half-cell with combined catalyst of cobalt porphyrin complex and of spinel. The open circuit voltages and polarisation curves are measured. Also, preliminary results and oxidation degrees of glucose in the tests are shown. Based on our half cell measurements, there are high development demands for the electro-catalysts, which could work efficiently in the near-neutral-state electrolytes.
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| 10. |
- Spets, J. P., et al.
(författare)
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Enhancement of glucose electro-oxidation by an external electromagnetic field in direct-mode fuel cells
- 2010
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Ingår i: Journal of Power Sources. - : Elsevier BV. - 0378-7753 .- 1873-2755. ; 195:2, s. 475-479
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In this study a direct-mode fuel cell in which the fuel and electrolyte are mixed with each other is tested. An alkaline electrolyte is used. The direct-mode fuel cell is exposed to an externally generated electromagnetic field between electrodes to cause both the splitting of the fuel molecule into smaller units (i.e. electrochemical reforming) and an increase in the activity of catalyst materials on the fuel before electrochemical oxidation. The target is to create a fuel cell with a capacity range of a few mW cm(-2) with glucose as a fuel. In the selected fuel cell type with glucose as the fuel, a maximum current density of 13 mA cm(-2) was obtained. On the basis of the tests it seems to be possible to use the glucose-fuelled cell in small-scale applications, e. g. in small electronic devices.
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