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- Aad, G., et al.
(författare)
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- 2011
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swepub:Mat__t (refereegranskat)
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| 2. |
- Appeltans, W., et al.
(författare)
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The Magnitude of Global Marine Species Diversity
- 2012
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Ingår i: Current Biology. - : Elsevier BV. - 0960-9822 .- 1879-0445. ; 22:23, s. 2189-2202
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: The question of how many marine species exist is important because it provides a metric for how much we do and do not know about life in the oceans. We have compiled the first register of the marine species of the world and used this baseline to estimate how many more species, partitioned among all major eukaryotic groups, may be discovered. Results: There are similar to 226,000 eukaryotic marine species described. More species were described in the past decade (similar to 20,000) than in any previous one. The number of authors describing new species has been increasing at a faster rate than the number of new species described in the past six decades. We report that there are similar to 170,000 synonyms, that 58,000-72,000 species are collected but not yet described, and that 482,000-741,000 more species have yet to be sampled. Molecular methods may add tens of thousands of cryptic species. Thus, there may be 0.7-1.0 million marine species. Past rates of description of new species indicate there may be 0.5 +/- 0.2 million marine species. On average 37% (median 31%) of species in over 100 recent field studies around the world might be new to science. Conclusions: Currently, between one-third and two-thirds of marine species may be undescribed, and previous estimates of there being well over one million marine species appear highly unlikely. More species than ever before are being described annually by an increasing number of authors. If the current trend continues, most species will be discovered this century.
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| 3. |
- Key, T. J., et al.
(författare)
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Circulating sex hormones and breast cancer risk factors in postmenopausal women: reanalysis of 13 studies
- 2011
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Ingår i: British Journal of Cancer. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1532-1827 .- 0007-0920. ; 105:5, s. 709-722
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BACKGROUND: Breast cancer risk for postmenopausal women is positively associated with circulating concentrations of oestrogens and androgens, but the determinants of these hormones are not well understood. METHODS: Cross-sectional analyses of breast cancer risk factors and circulating hormone concentrations in more than 6000 postmenopausal women controls in 13 prospective studies. RESULTS: Concentrations of all hormones were lower in older than younger women, with the largest difference for dehydroepiandrosterone sulphate (DHEAS), whereas sex hormone-binding globulin (SHBG) was higher in the older women. Androgens were lower in women with bilateral ovariectomy than in naturally postmenopausal women, with the largest difference for free testosterone. All hormones were higher in obese than lean women, with the largest difference for free oestradiol, whereas SHBG was lower in obese women. Smokers of 15+ cigarettes per day had higher levels of all hormones than non-smokers, with the largest difference for testosterone. Drinkers of 20+ g alcohol per day had higher levels of all hormones, but lower SHBG, than non-drinkers, with the largest difference for DHEAS. Hormone concentrations were not strongly related to age at menarche, parity, age at first full-term pregnancy or family history of breast cancer. CONCLUSION: Sex hormone concentrations were strongly associated with several established or suspected risk factors for breast cancer, and may mediate the effects of these factors on breast cancer risk. British Journal of Cancer (2011) 105, 709-722. doi:10.1038/bjc.2011.254 www.bjcancer.com Published online 19 July 2011 (C) 2011 Cancer Research UK
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| 6. |
- Moloney, Kristen, et al.
(författare)
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Development of a surgical competency assessment tool for sentinel lymph node dissection by minimally invasive surgery for endometrial cancer
- 2021
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Ingår i: International Journal of Gynecological Cancer. - : BMJ. - 1048-891X .- 1525-1438. ; 31:5, s. 647-655
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Sentinel lymph node dissection is widely used in the staging of endometrial cancer. Variation in surgical techniques potentially impacts diagnostic accuracy and oncologic outcomes, and poses barriers to the comparison of outcomes across institutions or clinical trial sites. Standardization of surgical technique and surgical quality assessment tools are critical to the conduct of clinical trials. By identifying mandatory and prohibited steps of sentinel lymph node (SLN) dissection in endometrial cancer, the purpose of this study was to develop and validate a competency assessment tool for use in surgical quality assurance. A Delphi methodology was applied, included 35 expert gynecological oncology surgeons from 16 countries. Interviews identified key steps and tasks which were rated mandatory, optional, or prohibited using questionnaires. Using the surgical steps for which consensus was achieved, a competency assessment tool was developed and subjected to assessments of validity and reliability. Seventy percent consensus agreement standardized the specific mandatory, optional, and prohibited steps of SLN dissection for endometrial cancer and informed the development of a competency assessment tool. Consensus agreement identified 21 mandatory and three prohibited steps to complete a SLN dissection. The competency assessment tool was used to rate surgical quality in three preselected videos, demonstrating clear separation in the rating of the skill level displayed with mean skills summary scores differing significantly between the three videos (F score=89.4; P<0.001). Internal consistency of the items was high (Cronbach α=0.88). Specific mandatory and prohibited steps of SLN dissection in endometrial cancer have been identified and validated based on consensus among a large number of international experts. A competency assessment tool is now available and can be used for surgeon selection in clinical trials and for ongoing, prospective quality assurance in routine clinical care.
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| 8. |
- Cabotaje, Princess R., et al.
(författare)
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Probing Substrate Transport Effects on Enzymatic Hydrogen Catalysis : An Alternative Proton Transfer Pathway in Putatively Sensory [FeFe] Hydrogenase
- 2023
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Ingår i: ACS Catalysis. - : American Chemical Society (ACS). - 2155-5435. ; 13:15, s. 10435-10446
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- [FeFe] hydrogenases, metalloenzymes catalyzing proton/dihydrogeninterconversion, have attracted intense attention due to their remarkablecatalytic properties and (bio-)technological potential for a futurehydrogen economy. In order to unravel the factors enabling their efficientcatalysis, both their unique organometallic cofactors and proteinstructural features, i.e., "outer-coordination sphere"effects have been intensively studied. These structurally diverseenzymes are divided into distinct phylogenetic groups, denoted asGroup A-D. Prototypical Group A hydrogenases display high turnoverrates (10(4)-10(5) s(-1)).Conversely, the sole characterized Group D representative, Thermoanaerobacter mathranii HydS (TamHydS), shows relatively low catalytic activity (specific activity10(-1) & mu;mol H-2 mg(-1) min(-1)) and has been proposed to serve a H-2-sensory function. The various groups of [FeFe] hydrogenaseshare the same catalytic cofactor, the H-cluster, and the structuralfactors causing the diverging reactivities of Group A and D remainto be elucidated. In the case of the highly active Group A enzymes,a well-defined proton transfer pathway (PTP) has been identified,which shuttles H+ between the enzyme surface and the activesite. In Group D hydrogenases, this conserved pathway is absent. Here,we report on the identification of highly conserved amino acid residuesin Group D hydrogenases that constitute a possible alternative PTP.We varied two proposed key amino acid residues of this pathway (E252and E289, TamHydS numbering) via site-directed mutagenesisand analyzed the resulting variants via biochemical and spectroscopicmethods. All variants displayed significantly decreased H-2-evolution and -oxidation activities. Additionally, the variantsshowed two redox states that were not characterized previously. Thesefindings provide initial evidence that these amino acid residues arecentral to the putative PTP of Group D [FeFe] hydrogenase. Since theidentified residues are highly conserved in Group D exclusively, ourresults support the notion that the PTP is not universal for differentphylogenetic groups in [FeFe] hydrogenases.
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| 10. |
- Envall, Ida, et al.
(författare)
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Existing evidence related to soil retention of phosphorus from on-site wastewater treatment systems in boreal and temperate climate zones : a systematic map
- 2023
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Ingår i: Environmental Evidence. - : Springer Nature. - 2047-2382. ; 12:1
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: In Sweden there are nearly one million soil-based on-site wastewater treatment systems (OWTSs). OWTSs may contribute to eutrophication of surface waters, due to the discharge of phosphorus (P). Hence, in certain cases, a high P removal rate (up to 90%) of OWTSs is required by Swedish authorities. Since these requirements may have costly consequences to property owners, it is debated whether they are too strict. In this debate, it is often claimed that the soil retention of P occurring in the natural environments may be underestimated by authorities. Soil retention is the inhibition of the transport of P through the ground, due to different chemical, physical and biological processes occurring there. These processes make the P transport slower, which may reduce the unwanted impact on receiving water bodies. However, the efficiency of soil retention of P remains unclear. The objective of this systematic map was to collect, code, organise and elucidate the relevant evidence related to the topic, to be able to guide stakeholders through the evidence base, and to support future research synthesising, commissioning, and funding. The systematic map was carried out in response to needs declared by the Swedish Agency for Marine and Water Management but the conclusions should be valid for a wider range of countries across boreo-temperate regions.Methods: Searches were made for peer-reviewed and grey literature using bibliographic databases, search engines, specialist websites, and stakeholder contacts. The references were screened for relevance according to a predefined set of eligibility criteria. A detailed database of the relevant studies was compiled. Data and metadata that enable evaluation and discussion of the character and quality of the evidence base were extracted and coded. Special focus was placed on assessing if existing evidence could contribute to policy and practice decision making. Descriptive information about the evidence base was presented in tables and figures. An interactive evidence atlas and a choropleth were created, displaying the locations of all studies.Review findings: 234 articles out of 10,797 screened records fulfilled the eligibility criteria. These articles contain 256 studies, performed in the field or in the laboratory. Six different study types were identified, based on where the measurements were conducted. Most studies, including laboratory studies, lack replicates. Most field studies are observational case studies.Conclusions: It is not possible to derive valid generic measures of the efficiency of soil retention of P occurring in the natural soil environment from available research. Neither does the evidence base allow for answering the question of the magnitude of the potential impact of OWTSs on the P concentration in recipients on a general basis, or under what conditions OWTSs generally have such an impact. A compilation of groundwater studies may provide examples of how far the P may reach in x years, but the number of groundwater studies is insufficient to draw any general conclusions, given the complexity and variability of the systems. Future research should strive for replicated study designs, more elaborate reporting, and the establishment of a reporting standard.
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