| 1. |
- Kanoni, Stavroula, et al.
(författare)
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Implicating genes, pleiotropy, and sexual dimorphism at blood lipid loci through multi-ancestry meta-analysis.
- 2022
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Ingår i: Genome biology. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1474-760X .- 1465-6906 .- 1474-7596. ; 23:1
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Genetic variants within nearly 1000 loci are known to contribute to modulation of blood lipid levels. However, the biological pathways underlying these associations are frequently unknown, limiting understanding of these findings and hindering downstream translational efforts such as drug target discovery.To expand our understanding of the underlying biological pathways and mechanisms controlling blood lipid levels, we leverage a large multi-ancestry meta-analysis (N = 1,654,960) of blood lipids to prioritize putative causal genes for 2286 lipid associations using six gene prediction approaches. Using phenome-wide association (PheWAS) scans, we identify relationships of genetically predicted lipid levels to other diseases and conditions. We confirm known pleiotropic associations with cardiovascular phenotypes and determine novel associations, notably with cholelithiasis risk. We perform sex-stratified GWAS meta-analysis of lipid levels and show that 3-5% of autosomal lipid-associated loci demonstrate sex-biased effects. Finally, we report 21 novel lipid loci identified on the X chromosome. Many of the sex-biased autosomal and X chromosome lipid loci show pleiotropic associations with sex hormones, emphasizing the role of hormone regulation in lipid metabolism.Taken together, our findings provide insights into the biological mechanisms through which associated variants lead to altered lipid levels and potentially cardiovascular disease risk.
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| 2. |
- Bauer, Michael, et al.
(författare)
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Association between solar insolation and a history of suicide attempts in bipolar I disorder.
- 2019
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Ingår i: Journal of psychiatric research. - : Elsevier BV. - 1879-1379 .- 0022-3956. ; 113, s. 1-9
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In many international studies, rates of completed suicide and suicide attempts have a seasonal pattern that peaks in spring or summer. This exploratory study investigated the association between solar insolation and a history of suicide attempt in patients with bipolar I disorder. Solar insolation is the amount of electromagnetic energy from the Sun striking a surface area on Earth. Data were collected previously from 5536 patients with bipolar I disorder at 50 collection sites in 32 countries at a wide range of latitudes in both hemispheres. Suicide related data were available for 3365 patients from 310 onset locations in 51 countries. 1047 (31.1%) had a history of suicide attempt. There was a significant inverse association between a history of suicide attempt and the ratio of mean winter solar insolation/mean summer solar insolation. This ratio is smallest near the poles where the winter insolation is very small compared to the summer insolation. This ratio is largest near the equator where there is relatively little variation in the insolation over the year. Other variables in the model that were positively associated with suicide attempt were being female, a history of alcohol or substance abuse, and being in a younger birth cohort. Living in a country with a state-sponsored religion decreased the association. (All estimated coefficients p < 0.01). In summary, living in locations with large changes in solar insolation between winter and summer may be associated with increased suicide attempts in patients with bipolar disorder. Further investigation of the impacts of solar insolation on the course of bipolar disorder is needed.
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| 3. |
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| 4. |
- Durante, Federica, et al.
(författare)
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Ambivalent stereotypes link to peace, conflict, and inequality across 38 nations
- 2017
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Ingår i: Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America. - : National Academy of Sciences. - 0027-8424 .- 1091-6490. ; 114:4, s. 669-674
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- A cross-national study, 49 samples in 38 nations (n = 4,344), inves- tigates whether national peace and conflict reflect ambivalent warmth and competence stereotypes: High-conflict societies (Pakistan) may need clearcut, unambivalent group images distinguishing friends from foes. Highly peaceful countries (Denmark) also may need less ambivalence because most groups occupy the shared national identity, with only a few outcasts. Finally, nations with interme- diate conflict (United States) may need ambivalence to justify more complex intergroup-system stability. Using the Global Peace Index to measure conflict, a curvilinear (quadratic) relationship be- tween ambivalence and conflict highlights how both extremely peaceful and extremely conflictual countries display lower stereo- type ambivalence, whereas countries intermediate on peace-conflict present higher ambivalence. These data also replicated a linear inequality–ambivalence relationship.
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| 5. |
- Frank, Sara, et al.
(författare)
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Exploring the influence of atomic level structure, porosity, and stability of bismuth(iii) coordination polymers on electrocatalytic CO2 reduction
- 2021
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Ingår i: Journal of Materials Chemistry A. - : Royal Society of Chemistry (RSC). - 2050-7488 .- 2050-7496. ; 9:46, s. 26298-26310
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Bismuth-based coordination polymers (CPs) have recently attracted attention as catalyst precursors for the electrocatalytic CO2 reduction reaction (eCO(2)RR). We present a comparative study by investigating six bismuth-based compounds in-depth to elucidate the correlation between their structures and their catalytic CO2-to-formate conversion. Thereby, we identify structural indicators of the pristine CPs resulting in optimized catalytic performance, paving the way for future design of CP derived catalysts. The structural properties of the six pristine materials vary in terms of porosity (from non-porous to 495 m(2) g(-1)), linker type (carboxylate- or phenolate-based), thermal- and chemical stability, and metal content. Herein, electrochemical studies are combined with comprehensive structural investigations using electron microscopy, powder X-ray diffraction, and X-ray absorption spectroscopy. Our study reveals that low chemical stability of the pristine CPs is crucial for the conversion of the precursors into active Bi2O2CO3 and of paramount importance for the eCO(2)RR activity, while the nature of the pristine material mostly influence the catalyst morphology and transport properties. Of the six investigated CPs, the best performing compounds selectively convert CO2 to formate with faradaic efficiencies in the range 80(3)-95(3)% and current densities of 5(1)-8(1) mA cm(-2) at -0.97 V-RHE.
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| 6. |
- Jakobsson, Martin, et al.
(författare)
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Arctic Ocean glacial history
- 2014
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Ingår i: Quaternary Science Reviews. - : Elsevier BV. - 0277-3791 .- 1873-457X. ; 92, s. 40-67
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Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- While there are numerous hypotheses concerning glacial interglacial environmental and climatic regime shifts in the Arctic Ocean, a holistic view on the Northern Hemisphere's late Quaternary ice-sheet extent and their impact on ocean and sea-ice dynamics remains to be established. Here we aim to provide a step in this direction by presenting an overview of Arctic Ocean glacial history, based on the present state-of-the-art knowledge gained from field work and chronological studies, and with a specific focus on ice-sheet extent and environmental conditions during the Last Glacial Maximum (LGM). The maximum Quaternary extension of ice sheets is discussed and compared to LGM. We bring together recent results from the circum-Arctic continental margins and the deep central basin; extent of ice sheets and ice streams bordering the Arctic Ocean as well as evidence for ice shelves extending into the central deep basin. Discrepancies between new results and published LGM ice-sheet reconstructions in the high Arctic are highlighted and outstanding questions are identified. Finally, we address the ability to simulate the Arctic Ocean ice sheet complexes and their dynamics, including ice streams and ice shelves, using presently available ice-sheet models. Our review shows that while we are able to firmly reject some of the earlier hypotheses formulated to describe Arctic Ocean glacial conditions, we still lack information from key areas to compile the holistic Arctic Ocean glacial history.
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| 7. |
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| 8. |
- Larsen, Casper Grønlund, et al.
(författare)
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Transmyringeal ventilation tube insertion for unilateral Menière’s disease : a protocol for a prospective, sham-controlled, double-blinded, randomized, clinical trial
- 2022
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Ingår i: Trials. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1745-6215. ; 23:1
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Menière’s disease is an idiopathic disorder characterized by recurrent episodes of vertigo lasting more than 20 min, unilateral sensorineural hearing loss, and tinnitus. If vertigo attacks occur frequently, the patient is usually severely incapacitated. Currently, there is no consensus on the treatment of Menière’s disease. The evidence regarding most treatment options is sparse due to a lack of randomized trials together with an often-spontaneous relief over time and a considerable placebo effect. Insertion of a transmyringeal tube is a simple and relatively safe, minimally invasive procedure and previous open-label trials have shown promising results. Study design: This is a prospective, sham-controlled, double-blinded, randomized, clinical trial. Aim: This trial aims to assess the effects of inserting a ventilation tube into the tympanic membrane compared with sham treatment for definite or probable unilateral Menière’s disease according to the criteria formulated by the Classification Committee of the Bàràny Society. Outcomes: The primary outcome will be the number of spontaneous vertigo attacks lasting more than 20 min and time to treatment failure. In addition to the primary outcome, we will assess various secondary outcomes related to hearing, ear fullness, dizziness, and serious adverse events. Sample size: An estimated 104 participants in total or 52 participants in each group will be necessary. The primary analysis will be according to the intention-to-treat principle. The trial will be initiated in 2021 and is expected to end in 2025. Trial status: ClinicalTrials.gov: NCT04835688. Registered on April 8, 2021. Protocol version: 1.8, 26-09-2022. Date of first enrollment: October 1st, 2021. End of study: anticipated January 2025.
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| 9. |
- Larsen, John Bruntse, et al.
(författare)
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Querying Social Practices in Hospital Context
- 2018
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Ingår i: 10th International Conference on Agents and Artificial Intelligence.
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Understanding the social contexts in which actions and interactions take place is of utmost importance for planning one’s goals and activities. People use social practices as means to make sense of their environment, assessing how that context relates to past, common experiences, culture and capabilities. Social practices can therefore simplify deliberation and planning in complex contexts. In the context of patient-centered planning, hospitals seek means to ensure that patients and their families are at the center of decisions and planning of the healthcare processes. This requires on one hand that patients are aware of the practices being in place at the hospital and on the other hand that hospitals have the means to evaluate and adapt current practices to the needs of the patients. In this paper we apply a framework for formalizing social practices of an organization to an emergency department that carries out patient-centered planning. We indicate how such a formalization
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| 10. |
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