| 1. |
- Israelsson, Johan, et al.
(författare)
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Health status and psychological distress among in-hospital cardiac arrest survivors in relation to gender
- 2017
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Ingår i: Resuscitation. - : Elsevier. - 0300-9572 .- 1873-1570. ; 114, s. 27-33
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- AIM: To describe health status and psychological distress among in-hospital cardiac arrest (IHCA) survivors in relation to gender.METHODS: This national register study consists of data from follow-up registration of IHCA survivors 3-6 months post cardiac arrest (CA) in Sweden. A questionnaire was sent to the survivors, including measurements of health status (EQ-5D-5L) and psychological distress (HADS).RESULTS: Between 2013 and 2015, 594 IHCA survivors were included in the study. The median values for EQ-5D-5L index and EQ VAS among survivors were 0.78 (q1-q3=0.67-0.86) and 70 (q1-q3=50-80) respectively. The values were significantly lower (p<0.001) in women compared to men. In addition, women reported more problems than men in all dimensions of EQ-5D-5L, except self-care. A majority of the respondents reported no problems with anxiety (85.4%) and/or symptoms of depression (87.0%). Women reported significantly more problems with anxiety (p<0.001) and symptoms of depression (p<0.001) compared to men. Gender was significantly associated with poorer health status and more psychological distress. No interaction effects for gender and age were found.CONCLUSIONS: Although the majority of survivors reported acceptable health status and no psychological distress, a substantial proportion reported severe problems. Women reported worse health status and more psychological distress compared to men. Therefore, a higher proportion of women may be in need of support. Health care professionals should make efforts to identify health problems among survivors and offer individualised support when needed.
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| 2. |
- Gustafsson, Christian Jamtheim, et al.
(författare)
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Federated training of segmentation models for radiation therapy treatment planning
- 2024
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Ingår i: Radiotherapy and Oncology. - 0167-8140 .- 1879-0887. ; 194, s. S4819-S4822
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Radiotherapy treatment planning takes substantial time, several hours per patient, as it involves manual segmentation of tumor and risk organs. Segmentation networks can be trained to automatically perform the segmentations, but typically require large annotated datasets for training. Sharing of sensitive data between hospitals, to create a larger dataset, is often difficult due to ethics and GDPR. Here we therefore demonstrate that federated learning is a solution to this problem, as then only the segmentation model is sent between each hospital and a global server. We export and preprocess brain tumor images from the oncology departments in Linköping and Lund, and use federated learning to train a global segmentation model using two different frameworks.
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| 3. |
- Israelsson Larsen, Hanna, 1983-, et al.
(författare)
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Risk factors, comorbidities, quality of life, and complications after surgery in idiopathic normal pressure hydrocephalus : review of the INPH-CRasH study
- 2020
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Ingår i: Neurosurgical Focus. - Rolling Meadows : American Association of Neurological Surgeons. - 1092-0684. ; 49:4
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Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- OBJECTIVE: Idiopathic normal pressure hydrocephalus (INPH) is a dementia treatable by insertion of a shunt that drains CSF. The cause of the disease is unknown, but a vascular pathway has been suggested. The INPH-CRasH (Comorbidities and Risk Factors Associated with Hydrocephalus) study was a modern epidemiological case-control study designed to prospectively assess parameters regarding comorbidities and vascular risk factors (VRFs) for INPH, quality of life (QOL), and adverse events in patients with shunted INPH. The objective of this review was to summarize the findings of the INPH-CRasH study.METHODS: VRFs, comorbidities, QOL, and adverse events were analyzed in consecutive patients with INPH who underwent shunt placement between 2008 and 2010 in 5 of 6 neurosurgical centers in Sweden. Patients (n = 176, within the age span of 60-85 years and not having dementia) were compared to population-based age- and gender-matched controls (n = 368, same inclusion criteria as for the patients with INPH). Assessed parameters were as follows: hypertension; diabetes; obesity; hyperlipidemia; psychosocial factors (stress and depression); smoking status; alcohol intake; physical activity; dietary pattern; cerebrovascular, cardiovascular, or peripheral vascular disease; epilepsy; abdominal pain; headache; and clinical parameters before and after surgery. Parameters were assessed through questionnaires, clinical examinations, measurements, ECG studies, and blood samples.RESULTS: Four VRFs were independently associated with INPH: hyperlipidemia, diabetes, obesity, and psychosocial factors. Physical inactivity and hypertension were also associated with INPH, although not independently from the other risk factors. The population attributable risk percent for a model containing all of the VRFs associated with INPH was 24%. Depression was overrepresented in patients with INPH treated with shunts compared to the controls (46% vs 13%, p < 0.001) and the main predictor for low QOL was a coexisting depression (p < 0.001). Shunting improved QOL on a long-term basis. Epilepsy, headache, and abdominal pain remained common for a mean follow-up time of 21 months in INPH patients who received shunts.CONCLUSIONS: The results of the INPH-CRasH study are consistent with a vascular pathophysiological component of INPH. In clinical care and research, a complete risk factor analysis as well as screening for depression and a measurement for QOL should probably be included in the workup of patients with INPH. The effect of targeted interventions against modifiable VRFs and antidepressant treatment in INPH patients should be evaluated. Seizures, headache, and abdominal pain should be inquired about at postoperative follow-up examinations.
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| 4. |
- Kakanakova-Georgieva, Anelia, 1970-, et al.
(författare)
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Mg-doped Al0.85Ga0.15N layers grown by hot-wall MOCVD with low resistivity at room temperature
- 2010
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Ingår i: PHYSICA STATUS SOLIDI-RAPID RESEARCH LETTERS. - : John Wiley and Sons, Ltd. - 1862-6254 .- 1862-6270. ; 4:11, s. 311-313
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We report on the hot-wall MOCVD growth of Mg-doped AlxGa1-xN layers with an Al content as high as x similar to 0.85. After subjecting the layers to post-growth in-situ annealing in nitrogen in the growth reactor, a room temperature resistivity of 7 k Omega cm was obtained indicating an enhanced p-type conductivity compared to published data for AlxGa1-xN layers with a lower Al content of x similar to 0.70 and a room temperature resistivity of about 10 k Omega cm. It is believed that the enhanced p-type conductivity is a result of reduced compensation by native defects through growth conditions enabled by the distinct hot-wall MOCVD system.
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| 5. |
- Larsson, Jenny, et al.
(författare)
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Falls and Fear of Falling in Shunted Idiopathic Normal Pressure Hydrocephalus : The Idiopathic Normal Pressure Hydrocephalus Comorbidity and Risk Factors Associated With Hydrocephalus Study
- 2021
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Ingår i: Neurosurgery. - : Oxford University Press. - 0148-396X .- 1524-4040. ; 89:1, s. 122-128
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BACKGROUND: Gait and balance impairment are typical symptoms of idiopathic normal pressure hydrocephalus (INPH), implicating that falls may afflict these patients.OBJECTIVE: To investigate falls, related injuries, and associated psychological features, before and after shunt surgery for INPH and compared to the general population.METHODS: The study included 176 patients shunted for INPH and 368 age- and sex-matched controls. Falls, fear of falling (FOF), fall-related injuries (mild-severe), confidence in avoiding falls (Swedish Falls Efficacy Scale (FES(S)), quality of life (QoL; EuroQoL 5-dimension 5 level instrument), and symptoms of depression (Geriatric Depression Scale 15) were investigated. Pre- and postoperative observational times were 12 mo before surgery and 21 mo after (mean). Recurrent fallers fell ≥2 times.RESULTS: More INPH patients than controls were recurrent fallers (67% vs 11%; P < .001). They feared falling more often (FOF, mean ± standard deviation: 3.3 ± 1.1 vs 1.6 ± 0.9; P < .001) and had lower confidence in avoiding falls (FES(S) 78 ± 40 vs 126 ± 14; P < .001). After surgery, INPH patients improved in all parameters but they did not reach the levels of the controls. Among fallers there was no difference between patients and controls in the severity of injuries suffered. Low QoL and symptoms of depression were more common among recurrent fallers than one-time or nonfallers in both shunted patients and controls (P ≤ .001).CONCLUSION: Falls, FOF, and low confidence in avoiding falls are considerable problems in INPH that may be reduced by shunt surgery. We suggest that remaining risk of falling and preventative measures are routinely considered in postoperative follow-ups and rehabilitation planning.
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| 6. |
- Larsson, Karin, et al.
(författare)
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Ways of understanding cognitive impairment in cardiac arrest survivors : a phenomenographic study
- 2021
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Ingår i: Intensive & Critical Care Nursing. - : Elsevier. - 0964-3397 .- 1532-4036. ; 63
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Aim: To describe the variation in ways that registered nurses perceive and understand cognitive impair- ment in cardiac arrest survivors.Design: A qualitative, inductive design with individual semi-structured interviews was applied. Data was analysed using a phenomenographic approach.Setting: The participants were nineteen Swedish registered nurses, experienced in cardiovascular care and providing follow-up care.Findings: The nurses perceived the cognitive impairment of the survivors in qualitatively different ways, as illustrated in two categories: ‘The perceptible and obvious’ and ‘The elusive and challenging’. The nurses perceived a variety of signs of cognitive impairment, emotional expressions related to these, and recovery from cognitive impairment. They perceived confidence in capturing cognitive function when they understood the signs of cognitive impairment as severe and obvious. However, it was per- ceived as difficult to assess cognitive function when impairments were subtle, resulting in uncertainty in terms of how to make assessments. Nurses made use of their own strategies for assessments, which were sometimes found to be inadequate when they understood that they had misinterpreted the sur- vivors’ cognitive impairment.Conclusion: Nurses feel uncertainty regarding detecting mild impairment in cardiac arrest survivors. By involving next of kin, nurses will gain a broader understanding of survivors’ cognitive function.
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| 7. |
- Larsson Viksten, Jessica, et al.
(författare)
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Children aged 0-16 admitted to Swedish intensive care units and paediatric intensive care units showed low mortality rates.
- 2019
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Ingår i: Acta Paediatrica. - : Wiley-Blackwell. - 0803-5253 .- 1651-2227. ; 108:8, s. 1460-1466
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- AIM: This study described the basic characteristics of children aged 0-16 years who were treated in intensive care units (ICUs) and paediatric ICUs (PICUs), compared their outcomes and examined any causes of death.METHODS: This was a retrospective cohort study of admissions to 74 ICUs and three PICUs in Sweden that were recorded in the Swedish Intensive Care Registry from January 1, 2008 to December 31, 2012.RESULTS: We retrieved data on 12 756 children who were admitted 17 003 times. The case mix differed between the ICUs, which were mainly admissions for injuries, accidents and observation, and PICUs, which were mainly admissions for malformations, genetic abnormalities and respiratory problems (p < 0.001). The median stays in the ICUs and PICUs were 1.4 and 3.5 days (p < 0.001), respectively. The respective crude mortality rates were 1.1% and 2.0, and the Paediatric Index of Mortality version 2 standardised mortality ratios were 0.43 and 0.50. None of these differences were significant. Most deaths were within 24 hours: About 57% in the ICUs, mainly from brain anomalies, and 13% in the PICUs, mainly from circulatory problems.CONCLUSION: Sweden had a low mortality rate in both ICUs and PICUs and the children admitted to these two types of unit differed.
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| 8. |
- Wang, Shu Min, 1963, et al.
(författare)
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Metamorphic InGaAs quantum wells for light emission at 1.3-1.6 μm
- 2007
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Ingår i: Thin Solid Films. - : Elsevier BV. - 0040-6090 .- 1879-2731. ; 515:10, s. 4348-4351
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Metamorphic InGaAs quantum well structures grown on GaAs reveal strong light emission at 1.3-1.6 μm, smooth surface with an average roughness below 2 nm and good rectifying I-V characteristics. Dark line defects are found in the QW. Post growth thermal annealing further improves the luminescence efficiency but does not remove those dark line defects. Some challenges of epitaxial growth using this method for laser applications are discussed. © 2006 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
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| 9. |
- Zhao, QX, et al.
(författare)
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Effect of growth temperature and post-growth thermal annealing on carrier localization and deep level emissions in GaNAs/GaAs quantum well structures
- 2005
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Ingår i: Applied Physics Letters. - : American Institute of Physics. - 0003-6951 .- 1077-3118. ; 86:12
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We report results from investigation of the optical properties of GaNAs/GaAs quantum well structures. The structures were grown by molecular-beam epitaxy at different temperatures, and subsequently postgrowth thermal treatments at different temperature were performed. The results show that the carrier localization is smaller in a structure grown at a temperature of 580 degrees C in comparison with a structure grown at 450 degrees C. Both structures also show a broaden deep level emission band. Furthermore, the deep level emission band and the carrier localization effect can be removed by thermal annealing at 650 degrees C in the structure grown at 450 degrees C. The structure quality and radiative recombination efficiency are significantly improved after annealing. However, annealing under the same condition has a negligible effect on the structure grown at 580 degrees C. (C) 2005 American Institute of Physics.
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| 10. |
- Zhao, QX, et al.
(författare)
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Effects of nitrogen incorporation on the properties of GaInNAs/GaAs quantum well structures
- 2005
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Ingår i: Journal of Applied Physics. - : American Institute of Physics. - 0021-8979 .- 1089-7550. ; 97:7
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We report results from theoretical and experimental investigations of GaInNAs/GaAs quantum well structures. Optical transition energies for samples with different In and N concentrations were determined by photoluminescence measurements. The results show that the reduction of the ground-state transition energy by the introduction of N decreases with increasing In concentration. The experimental data are compared with calculations using the effective-mass approximation. Modifications of the band-gap energy due to N incorporation were accounted for using the two-level repulsion model. Proper effective-mass and band offset values, based on recent experimental work, were used. Calculated and measured transition energies show good agreement. The critical thickness, lattice constant, strain, and optical transition energies are discussed for GaInNAs/GaAs quantum well structures tuned for emission at 1.3 and 1.55 mu m, in particular. Such a simple model, within the effective-mass approximation, is a very useful guide for device design. (C) 2005 American Institute of Physics.
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