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| 2. |
- Andersson, Annika, 1968-, et al.
(författare)
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Citizen Diversity in e-Government Research : Moving the Field Forward
- 2021
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Ingår i: Proceedings of the 54th Annual Hawaii International Conference on System Sciences. - : University of Hawai'i at Manoa. - 9780998133140 ; , s. 4828-4837
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Whereas broad launch of public e-services ensures equal and homogenous treatment of citizens, citizen diversity is often set aside. By means of a literature study we describe how research has addressed diversity in the field of eGovernment. we analyzed the papers according to the following codes: group; application domain; unit of analysis; and technology in use or design. Results showed that the most common application domain was e-services with access and use as the most common units of analysis. The most frequently researched groups are based on classical socio-demographic variables such as economy, education and age. Also, the majority of papers discussed services in use. We conclude by suggesting that future research focuses underrepresented user groups; adds further granularity to the classical sociodemographic variables; identifies groups within groups; targets policies and policy implementation; and changes focus from use to development. We also call for conceptual clarity of the concept ‘diversity’.
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| 3. |
- Halldner, Linda, et al.
(författare)
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Relative immaturity and ADHD : findings from nationwide registers, parent- and self-reports
- 2014
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Ingår i: Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry. - Stockholm : Wiley-Blackwell. - 0021-9630 .- 1469-7610. ; 55:8, s. 897-904
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BACKGROUND: We addressed if immaturity relative to peers reflected in birth month increases the likelihood of ADHD diagnosis and treatment.METHODS: We linked nationwide Patient and Prescribed Drug Registers and used prospective cohort and nested case-control designs to study 6-69 year-old individuals in Sweden from July 2005 to December 2009 (Cohort 1). Cohort 1 included 56,263 individuals diagnosed with ADHD or ever used prescribed ADHD-specific medication. Complementary population-representative cohorts provided DSM-IV ADHD symptom ratings; parent-reported for 10,760 9-year-old twins born 1995-2000 from the CATSS study (Cohort 2) and self-reported for 6,970 adult twins age 20-47 years born 1959-1970 from the STAGE study (Cohort 3). We calculated odds ratios (OR:s) for ADHD across age for individuals born in November/December compared to January/February (Cohort 1). ADHD symptoms in Cohorts 2 and 3 were studied as a function of calendar birth month.RESULTS: ADHD diagnoses and medication treatment were both significantly more common in individuals born in November/December versus January/February; peaking at ages 6 (OR: 1.8; 95% CI: 1.5-2.2) and 7 years (OR: 1.6; 95% CI: 1.3-1.8) in the Patient and Prescribed Drug Registers, respectively. We found no corresponding differences in parent- or self-reported ADHD symptoms by calendar birth month.CONCLUSION: Relative immaturity compared to class mates might contribute to ADHD diagnosis and pharmacotherapy despite absence of parallel findings in reported ADHD symptom loads by relative immaturity. Increased clinical awareness of this phenomenon may be warranted to decrease risk for imprecise diagnostics and treatment. We speculate that flexibility regarding age at school start according to individual maturity could reduce developmentally inappropriate demands on children and improve the precision of ADHD diagnostic practice and pharmacological treatment.
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| 4. |
- Hedman, Anna, et al.
(författare)
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Bidirectional relationship between eating disorders and autoimmune diseases
- 2019
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Ingår i: Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry. - Stockholm : Blackwell Publishing. - 0021-9630 .- 1469-7610. ; 60:7, s. 803-812
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BACKGROUND: Immune system dysfunction may be associated with eating disorders (ED) and could have implications for detection, risk assessment, and treatment of both autoimmune diseases and EDs. However, questions regarding the nature of the relationship between these two disease entities remain. We evaluated the strength of associations for the bidirectional relationships between EDs and autoimmune diseases.METHODS: In this nationwide population-based study, Swedish registers were linked to establish a cohort of more than 2.5 million individuals born in Sweden between January 1, 1979 and December 31, 2005 and followed up until December 2013. Cox proportional hazard regression models were used to investigate: (a) subsequent risk of EDs in individuals with autoimmune diseases; and (b) subsequent risk of autoimmune diseases in individuals with EDs.RESULTS: We observed a strong, bidirectional relationship between the two illness classes indicating that diagnosis in one illness class increased the risk of the other. In women, the diagnoses of autoimmune disease increased subsequent hazards of anorexia nervosa (AN), bulimia nervosa (BN), and other eating disorders (OED). Similarly, AN, BN, and OED increased subsequent hazards of autoimmune diseases.Gastrointestinal-related autoimmune diseases such as, celiac disease and Crohn's disease showed a bidirectional relationship with AN and OED. Psoriasis showed a bidirectional relationship with OED. The previous occurence of type 1 diabetes increased the risk for AN, BN, and OED. In men, we did not observe a bidirectional pattern, but prior autoimmune arthritis increased the risk for OED.CONCLUSIONS: The interactions between EDs and autoimmune diseases support the previously reported associations. The bidirectional risk pattern observed in women suggests either a shared mechanism or a third mediating variable contributing to the association of these illnesses.
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| 5. |
- Hermansson, Ruth S., et al.
(författare)
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History of HPV in HPV-positive elderly women
- 2024
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Ingår i: European journal of obstetrics & gynecology and reproductive biology: X. - : Elsevier. - 2590-1613. ; 22
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BACKGROUND: The aim of this study was to examine the natural course of HPV infection in women of 60 years and older who were HPV positive at inclusion, and any association between HPV positivity in historical samples and dysplasia outcome. METHODS: Eighty-nine women aged 60-82 years, who tested positive for HPV between 2012 and 2016 were included. Sampling for cytology and/or histology was also performed. HPV genotyping was carried out on archived material back to 1999.RESULTS: Of the 89 HPV-positive women 16 had HSIL, 34 had LSIL and 39 were benign at inclusion. Of the women with HSIL, 50.0% had the same HPV type in the archive samples, 12.5% had another type, and 37.5% were HPV negative. Among the 34 women with LSIL, 47.1% had the same HPV type in archive samples, 5.8% had another type, and 47.1% were HPV negative. Of the 39 women without dysplasia at inclusion, 25.6% had the same HPV type in archive samples, 5.1% had another HPV type and 69.2% were HPV negative.CONCLUSION: Surprisingly few of the elderly women thus seem to have a history with the same or any HPV infection the years before being diagnosed with an HPV infection and dysplasia. The significance of an HPV infection for dysplasia development in elderly women is still not fully understood.
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| 6. |
- Hermansson, Ruth S., et al.
(författare)
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Incidence of oncogenic HPV and HPV-related dysplasia five years after a negative HPV test by self-sampling in elderly women
- 2022
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Ingår i: Infectious Agents and Cancer. - : Springer Nature. - 1750-9378. ; 17:42
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Purpose: Cervical cancer prevention for older women can be challenging since there are no specific guidelines for this group. This study aimed to determine the incidence of oncogenic HPV and HPV-related dysplasia in elderly women 5 years after being HPV negative.Methods: Invited women participated five years earlier in a study where self-sampling for HPV testing was applied, at this time, they were all HPV negative. The women were now, five years later invited to perform self-sampling for HPV testing. Women with a positive result performed a repeat HPV test. Those with a positive repeat HPV test were examined by colposcopy, biopsy and cytology.Results: Of the 804 invited women, 634 (76.9%) agreed to participate in the study and a self-sampling kit was sent to them. Of these, 99.6% (632/634) sent a sample to the HPV laboratory. The participation rate in each age group was 93.3% at age 65, 74.0% at age 70, 80.7% at age 75 and 64.6% at age 80. Overall 18 women (2.8%, 95% CI 3.2 to 6.0) were HPV positive in the first test and 8 (1.3%, 95% CI 0.6 to 2.6) in the second test. Sampling for the second test was done on average 5.4 months after the first test. Fifty per cent (4/8) of the women with a positive repeat test had dysplasia in histology.Conclusions: The incidence of HPV in previously HPV-negative elderly women was low. Among women who were HPV positive in a repeat test, there was a high prevalence of low grade dysplasia.
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| 7. |
- Johansson Capusan, Andrea, et al.
(författare)
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Genetic and environmental aspects in the association between attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder symptoms and binge-eating behavior in adults : a twin study
- 2017
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Ingår i: Psychological Medicine. - : Cambridge University Press. - 0033-2917 .- 1469-8978. ; 47:16, s. 2866-2878
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Prior research demonstrated that attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is associated with binge-eating behavior, binge-eating disorder (BED), and bulimia nervosa (BN). The aim of this study was to investigate these associations in an adult twin population, and to determine the extent to which ADHD symptoms and binge-eating behavior share genetic and environmental factors.Methods: We used self-reports of current ADHD symptoms and lifetime binge-eating behavior and associated characteristics from a sample of over 18 000 adult twins aged 20-46 years, from the population-based Swedish Twin Registry. Mixed-effects logistic regression was used to examine the association between ADHD and lifetime binge-eating behavior, BED, and BN. Structural equation modeling was used in 13 773 female twins to determine the relative contribution of genetic and environmental factors to the association between ADHD symptoms and binge-eating behavior in female adult twins.Results: ADHD symptoms were significantly associated with lifetime binge-eating behavior, BED, and BN. The heritability estimate for current ADHD symptoms was 0.42 [95% confidence interval (CI) 0.41-0.44], and for lifetime binge-eating behavior 0.65 (95% CI 0.54-0.74). The genetic correlation was estimated as 0.35 (95% CI 0.25-0.46) and the covariance between ADHD and binge-eating behavior was primarily explained by genetic factors (91%). Non-shared environmental factors explained the remaining part of the covariance.Conclusions: The association between adult ADHD symptoms and binge-eating behavior in females is largely explained by shared genetic risk factors.
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| 8. |
- Larsson, Ken, et al.
(författare)
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Evaluation of didactics from a cross cultural perspective : the eBIT project : online education in Sri Lanka
- 2009
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Ingår i: Proceedings of the 23rd ICDE world conference on open learning and distance education.
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Aim: The aim of this study is to identify and discuss the challenges when transferringevaluation methodology and practice from one cultural context to another.Approach: TheAsia-Link project Asia eBIT aimed to develop and implement a 3-year online externalBachelor program in ICT in Sri Lanka. An important part of the project is recurringevaluations of several different aspects of the program. Information has been obtained byquestionnaires, interviews, field visits, focus groups and expert evaluations, conducted faceto face and online.Findings: The structural differences of the educational systems amongpartners created a number of challenges, such as: organizational aspects of educationalactivities, didactic practice, learning culture in traditional education and online courses, staffresponsibilities and duties, the financial model, language and other cultural issues. Majorchallenges mainly concern the interviews and have been three-fold: 1) getting students totalk; 2) when they talk - overcoming the language barrier; and 3) getting students to honestlyspeak their minds. This process has been a requirement in order to produce usableevaluations at the same time as it is part of the ongoing evaluation itself.Conclusions: Thefindings in this study further the understandings of the complexity when conductingevaluations across different cultural contexts. This understanding is important in order toperform high quality evaluations and should be part of any evaluators’ skills when facingsimilar challenges. This is a unique study on evaluation approaches of Sri Lankan online ICTprogram.
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| 9. |
- Lindström, Annika K., 1953-, et al.
(författare)
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Screening history of elderly women diagnosed with cervical cancer
- 2018
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Ingår i: International Journal of Gynecology & Obstetrics. - : Wiley-Blackwell Publishing Inc.. - 0020-7292 .- 1879-3479. ; 143:S3, s. 927-927
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Objectives: Cervical cancer in elderly women is often discovered at advanced stages and the prognosis is poor. In Sweden, where the screening program ends at the age of 60 in most counties, approximately 30% of the women diagnosed with cervical cancer are older than 60. The aim of this study was to investigate the cytological screening history in women diagnosed with cervical cancer at the age of 61 years and older.Method: This is a retrospective study including women from the counties of Örebro, Dalarna, and Gävleborg, (Sweden,) diagnosed with cervical cancer at the age of 61 years and older between 2001 and 2016. Screening history was obtained from 1967.Results: Out of the 223 women, 142 (63.7%) had participated in the screening program at least once and 95 (42.6%) had participated in the screening five times or more. Of the 142 women with at least one screening sample, 76 (53.5%) had a benign screening history. Of all women 76 (34.1%) had benign screening history, 66 (29.6%) had had dysplasia and 19 (8.5%) high-grade dysplasia. It was more common with a benign screening history among women diagnosed with adenocarcinomas compared to squamous cell carcinomas (p=0.002).Conclusions: In elderly women diagnosed with cervical cancer, more than one third had not participated in the screening program, nearly one third had a benign screening history and one-third of the women had dysplasia in their screening history. Continuing screening past the age of 60 can decrease the incidence of cervical cancer.
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| 10. |
- Twizeyimana, Jean Damascene, 1981-
(författare)
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E-Government and Value Creation in the Context of a Least Developed Country : A perspective on public value and information infrastructure
- 2019
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- This thesis is in the field of information systems (IS), more specifically about IS impact. This thesis uses literature review and interpretive case study methods to investigate the phenomenon of value creation through e-government.The research was carried out from 2014 to 2019. Data was collected through interviews, participant observations, and document review. The main research question is "How do we create value through e-government in the context of an LDC?” It embodies the sub-questions: what is the value of e-government? And how do we attain such value?This thesis comprises four studies.The thesis found that value creation of e-government is a process of understanding: the value that e-government creates; the context in which egovernment resides because a process involves a context; and strategic actions to create that value within the context surrounds e-government.From the findings, this thesis argues that the value of public affairs including e-government refers to public value. The latter would mean citizens' collective expectations about public policies and services. Also, the findings reveal research needs about the public value of e-government in the LDCs in Sub-Saharan Africa and on methods of measuring and creating the public value of e-government.As original contribution, this thesis suggests a framework of six overarching and overlapping areas of e-government for the public value. The anticipation-reality gaps and their inter-relationships are identified, and five inter-related critical success factors are suggested. Also, the information infrastructure (II) framework, particularly, the notion of the cultivation of the installed-base is suggested as a promising avenue in the management of the public value creation in general, and in an LDC in particular.
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