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- Hasselblad, Annika, 1991-
(författare)
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Values Behind Welfare Technology and Their Possible Realization : Creation of a Technology Evaluation Method for Care Practices
- 2021
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Licentiatavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- In 2018 the Swedish government approved a SEK 350 million grant to increase the municipal implementation and use of welfare technologies in areas such as health care, care, and social service. Welfare technologies have been criticized for their effects on care workers’ work environment, such as increased stress due to time and performance demands. Research also points to how eldercare organizations are becoming victims of technological determinism as a result of the constant pursuit of the latest technologies. From this critique, this thesis uses Feenberg’s work ‘questioning technology’ as a philosophical lens and investigates, on a discursive level, the values and assumptions among the actors related to welfare technologies with the purpose of achieving a greater understanding of these negative effects. Using an exploratory research approach, the first part of this thesis investigates the conceptions among actors related to welfare technologies, represented by designers (engineers), decision makers (managers), and users (care workers). This is followed by a value identification study comparing values among actors to definitions of welfare technologies. The second part of this thesis takes a more solution-oriented approach by creating an evaluation methodology called Technology Implementation Evaluation Score (TIES), which has as its purpose to, as a combination of traditional positivistic methodologies, include users in the technology evaluation by incorporating qualitative data such as opinions and assessments to a greater extent. The thesis then performs a sensitivity analysis on TIES using extreme values, which shows that the methodology succeeds in making users’ experiences and opinions better heard during evaluation then they have been in the past, thereby reducing the validity problem that contributes to unintended consequences of performance indicators. Conclusions highlight the fact that the actors involved in the design, implementation, and use of welfare technologies have different perspectives influenced by their knowledge traditions and professional norms, and that these affect the assumptions that are made regarding the users of welfare technologies. Welfare technologies are today designed and implemented by professions led by techno-economic rationality or management values, which provide ill-designed technologies, as the users’ needs are not identified before the technology is implemented. To counteract this TIES provides a way to evaluate the effects of welfare technology and by that include the needs important to provide a successful welfare technology solution for the users, which is the care profession.
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- Larsson, Annika
(författare)
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Capability in machining systems
- 2002
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Licentiatavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The vehicle industry has derived a vision of simulatingmachining systems and their cutting processes with accuracy andcapability indices as a result. The accuracy of machined partsis the result of properties and characteristics of the totalmachining system and its environment. Natural deviation resultsin deviations between each machined part which in turn effectthe functionality of an assembled product.A machining system is defined as consisting of the fivemodules: machine tool, tool, cutting process, workpiece andfixture.The thoughts and discussions about the vision of simulatinga machining systems and its environment have resulted in aresearch question:“What is required to give a reliablesimulated value of capability and accuracy?"Being able to predict the accuracy of machined parts in aspecific machining system and its environment gives thepossibility of optimising the cutting process and detect errorsin the machining systems. It also gives the possibility todesign more robust machining systems and avoid mistakes duringthe designing of the machining systems.This study has shown that to be able to predict capabilityindices for both existing and future machining system it isnecessary to have thorough knowledge in four areas; capabilityas a statistical tool, accuracy in machining system,measurement tools and methods, and modelling andsimulation.To achieve a reliable capability index, the capability studyhas to be properly planned, performed and evaluated. Thestatistical method of capability indices needs to be well-knownwhen choosing index, comparing different indices and whenmaking comparisons between indices from several machiningsystems.The machining accuracy of a machining system is dependent onfour groups of characteristics: temperature influence, geometryand kinematics, static stiffness and, finally, dynamicstiffness.There are a great number of models available for cuttingprocesses, process state variables and different modules of amachining system. Usually, these models can only be useddiscretely since there is almost no relationship between thestructures, required data and assumptions of the models. It istherefore not yet possible to model and simulate a machiningsystem to achieve a reliable accuracy value.
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- Larsson, Annika, 1961-
(författare)
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Ekonomisk styrning och organisatorisk passion : ett interaktivt perspektiv
- 1997
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Licentiatavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Denna fallstudie handlar om ekonomisk styrning inom sjukvårdsverksamhet, där verksamheten utgörs av en vårdavdelning och dess personal. Studien fokuserar interaktionen mellan budgeten och de aktiviteter och personer som arbetar på lokal nivå i organisationen. Budgeten kan betraktas som den mekanism vilken dominerar den ekonomiska styrningen på vårdavdelningen.I denna studie ses ekonomisk styrning ur ett interaktivt perspektiv. Med detta menar jag att styrningen måste förstås i ett praktiskt och konkret sammanhag där tekniska och sociala aspekter integreras. Detta görs genom att fyra begrepp lyfter fram specifika kontextuella faktorer vilka är av väsentlig betydelse för förståelsen av den ekonomiska styrningen på vårdavdelningen. Begreppen är professionalism, språk, mätbarhet och etik.Avhandlingen bygger upp en teoretisk referensram kring begreppen styrning och budgetering. Genom att beskriva teorier ur olika perspektiv kan den mångfald som finns i begreppen lyftas fram. Samtidigt är den praktiska verkligheten på vårdavdelningen av stort intresse. Syftet är framförallt att visa den komplexitet som är förknippad med det praktiska användandet av teoretiska modeller, under specifika kontextuella förhållanden. Med detta menar jag bland annt att studien genomförs i en organisation där passionen och ansvarskänslan för arbetsuppgiften, det vill säga omhändertagandet av patienten, i de flesta fall prioriteras framför ekonomiska och administrativa kriterier.För att beskriva det enskilda fallet har tre olika datainsamlingsmetoder använts. Insamling av dokument, deltagande observation och intervju. Genom de olika metoderna beskrivs budgetens roll på avdelningen utifrån det formella perspektivet, observatörens perspektiv samt de intervjuades perspektiv. Genom metodvalet har ett försök till ett holistiskt synsätt gjorts.Studiens slutsatser presenteras i en modell där de organisatoriska krafterna systematisera i kategorierna administrativ, social och individbaserad styrning. Modellen betonar vidare att förståelse för styrning i en organisation uppnås genom förståelse för respektive kategori samt kopplingarna mellan dessa.
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- Newton, Seth
(författare)
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Legacy persistent organic pollutants and chemicals of emerging concern in Sweden : from indoor environments to remote areas
- 2013
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Licentiatavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Bulk atmospheric deposition samples were taken every two months for a year in 2009-2010 at two sites in northern Sweden and analyzed for a suite of legacy and emerging persistent organic chemicals including legacy organochlorine pesticides (OCPs), polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) and novel flame retardants (NFRs). To further investigate the urban occurrence and contribution to remote contamination of flame retardants, indoor air, ventilation system air, and dust were sampled in several microenvironments in Stockholm during the winter of 2012 for analysis of PBDEs, isomer-specific hexabromocyclododecane (HBCDD), and NFRs. Outdoor air and soil samples were also sampled around the same time period for analysis of the same compounds. Five emerging pollutants were detected in atmospheric deposition: the current-use pesticides trifluralin and chlorothalonil; and the NFRs 1,2-dibromo-4-(1,2-dibromoethyl)cyclohexane (TBECH), 1,2-bis(tribromophenoxy)ethane (BTBPE), and Dechlorane Plus (DP). A decrease in the fraction of the anti isomer of DP was observed at the more remote site, indicating isomer-selective degradation or isomerization during long range atmospheric transport. The more remote site also received more total deposition of organic pollutants despite its receiving less precipitation. Although PBDEs and emerging organic pollutants were detected, the bulk of the deposition consisted of PCBs and hexachlorocyclohexanes (HCHs) at both sites. Several NFRs were identified in indoor and ventilation air samples including TBECH, pentabromotoluene (PBT), hexabromobenzene (HBB), 1,2-bis(pentabromodiphenyl)ethane (DBDPE), 2-ethylhexyl-2,3,4,5-tetrabromobenzoate (EHTBB), and bis(2-ethylhexyl)-3,4,5,6-tetrabromo-phthalate (TBPH). There was no significant difference between concentrations of contaminants in ventilation system air and indoor air indicating that the flame retardants included in this study reach the outdoor environment via ventilation systems. Dust and outdoor air samples have only been analyzed for HBCDDs so far. HBCDD concentrations in apartments, offices, and schools were lower than reported concentrations for other countries in similar microenvironments. However, an enrichment of α-HBCDD compared to γ-HBCDD was observed in dust taken from near treated products in stores when compared to dust taken directly from those products. Very low concentrations of HBCDDs were detected in outdoor air.
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