| 1. |
- Hellberg, Christel, et al.
(författare)
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Evidence and evidence gaps in assessments and interventions in areas related to social work research and practice – an overview of four evidence maps : [Vetenskapligt kunskapsläge om utredning och insatser i socialt arbete och forskning –en sammanställning av fyra kartläggningar]
- 2023
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Ingår i: European Journal of Social Work. - : Informa UK Limited. - 1369-1457 .- 1468-2664. ; 26:5, s. 882-895
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This overview of four evidence maps is based on systematic reviews of assessment and interventions in social work practice. The aim was to investigate the evidence and evidence gaps within four important areas for social work research and practice. Descriptive data on search strategies and domains were collected from four evidence maps, on Social Assistance, Substance Dependence, Care for older adults respectively for persons with disabilities. The scientific quality and scientific evidence were assessed. Key findings were summarised by analyzing and discussing common and specific elements in the evidence maps. The overview was undertaken in close collaboration between researchers with expertise in the field and a government agency. The overview identified both evidence and evidence gaps with respect to effects and experiences of interventions and assessment methods in four evidence maps. Evidence maps provide a comprehensive picture of the state of social services research and can thereby be of use to both researchers and practitioners, and in the production of evidence based social work.
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| 2. |
- Ternesten-Hasséus, Ewa, 1956, et al.
(författare)
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Capsaicin sensitivity in patients with chronic cough-- results from a cross-sectional study.
- 2013
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Ingår i: Cough (London, England). - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1745-9974. ; 9:1
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BACKGROUND: A subgroup of patients with chronic cough is recognised as having airway symptoms resulting exposure to chemicals and scents related to enhanced cough sensitivity to inhaled capsaicin. Sensory hyperreactivity, which has an estimated prevalence of more than 6%, is one possible explanation for the symptoms experienced by these patients. We hypothesized that a number of patients diagnosed with chronic unexplained cough also have coughing provoked by chemical irritants associated with augmented capsaicin cough reaction, but the extent of such a relation is not known. One aim of the present study was to analyse cough sensitivity to inhaled capsaicin in patients with chronic unexplained cough. Another aim was to compare capsaicin sensitivity in individuals with chemically induced coughing (the chemical-sensitive group) to capsaicin sensitivity in those without such chemical sensitivity (non-sensitive group). METHODS: Fifty-six participants from an earlier cross-sectional study of 62 patients with chronic unexplained cough were asked to participate in this study: 33 were chemical-sensitive and 23 were non-sensitive. Each participant visited the clinic once and performed a capsaicin inhalation test with one of two inhalation devices. The number of coughs, induced airway symptoms, and spirometry results were recorded. RESULTS: Thirty-nine of the invited patients participated in the study, with 32 in the chemical-sensitive group (21 women, 11 men), and 7 in the non-sensitive group (4 women, 3 men). The chemical-sensitive patients coughed significantly more on inhaling capsaicin, and had significantly more other airway symptoms compared to those in the non-sensitive group. Women coughed significantly more than men after receiving the higher concentration of capsaicin. CONCLUSIONS: Environmental irritants often trigger chronic unexplained cough. The current findings confirm that this sensitivity is related to enhanced capsaicin cough sensitivity and indicates more involvement of airway sensory nerves in the pathophysiology of the disease than in cough without evident trigger factors.
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| 3. |
- Adamsson, Viola, et al.
(författare)
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Viktigt att granska kostundersökningar
- 2005
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Ingår i: Svensk Idrottsmedicin. - 1103-7652. ; :2, s. 14-17
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Tidskriftsartikel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)
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| 4. |
- Ahlgren, Christina, et al.
(författare)
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Engagement in New Dietary Habits : Obese Women's Experiences from Participating in a 2-Year Diet Intervention
- 2016
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Ingår i: International Journal of Behavioral Medicine. - : Springer. - 1070-5503 .- 1532-7558. ; 23:1, s. 84-93
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BACKGROUND: Dietary weight loss interventions most often result in weight loss, but weight maintenance on a long-term basis is the main problem in obesity treatment. There is a need for an increased understanding of the behaviour patterns involved in adopting a new dietary behavior and to maintain the behaviour over time.PURPOSE: The purpose of this paper is to explore overweight and obese middle-aged women's experiences of the dietary change processes when participating in a 2-year-long diet intervention.METHODS: Qualitative semi-structured interviews with 12 overweight and obese women (54-71 years) were made after their participation in a diet intervention programme. The programme was designed as a RCT study comparing a diet according to the Nordic nutrition recommendations (NNR diet) and a Palaeolithic diet (PD). Interviews were analysed according to Grounded Theory principles.RESULTS: A core category "Engagement phases in the process of a diet intervention" concluded the analysis. Four categories included the informants' experiences during different stages of the process of dietary change: "Honeymoon phase", "Everyday life phase", "It's up to you phase" and "Crossroads phase". The early part of the intervention period was called "Honeymoon phase" and was characterised by positive experiences, including perceived weight loss and extensive support. The next phases, the "Everyday life phase" and "It's up to you phase", contained the largest obstacles to change. The home environment appeared as a crucial factor, which could be decisive for maintenance of the new dietary habits or relapse into old habits in the last phase called "Crossroads phase".CONCLUSION: We identified various phases of engagement in the process of a long-term dietary intervention among middle-aged women. A clear personal goal and support from family and friends seem to be of major importance for long-term maintenance of new dietary habits. Gender relations within the household must be considered as a possible obstacle for women engaging in diet intervention.
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| 5. |
- Ahlin, Gustav, et al.
(författare)
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Structural requirements for drug inhibition of the liver specific human organic cation transport protein 1
- 2008
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Ingår i: Journal of Medicinal Chemistry. - : American Chemical Society (ACS). - 0022-2623 .- 1520-4804. ; 51:19, s. 5932-5942
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The liver-specific organic cation transport protein (OCT1; SLC22A1) transports several cationic drugs including the antidiabetic drug metformin and the anticancer agents oxaliplatin and imatinib. In this study, we explored the chemical space of registered oral drugs with the aim of studying the inhibition pattern of OCT1 and of developing predictive computational models of OCT1 inhibition. In total, 191 structurally diverse compounds were examined in HEK293-OCT1 cells. The assay identified 47 novel inhibitors and confirmed 15 previously known inhibitors. The enrichment of OCT1 inhibitors was seen in several drug classes including antidepressants. High lipophilicity and a positive net charge were found to be the key physicochemical properties for OCT1 inhibition, whereas a high molecular dipole moment and many hydrogen bonds were negatively correlated to OCT1 inhibition. The data were used to generate OPLS-DA models for OCT1 inhibitors; the final model correctly predicted 82% of the inhibitors and 88% of the noninhibitors of the test set.
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| 6. |
- Andersson, Jonas, et al.
(författare)
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Left ventricular remodelling changes without concomitant loss of myocardial fat after long-term dietary intervention
- 2016
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Ingår i: International Journal of Cardiology. - : Elsevier BV. - 0167-5273 .- 1874-1754. ; 216, s. 92-96
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Accumulation of myocardial triglycerides (MTG) is associated with impaired left ventricular (LV) remodelling and function in obese and diabetic subjects. The role of MTG accumulation in development of heart failure in this group of patients is unknown. Short-term studies suggest that diets that lead to weight loss could mobilize MTG, with a favourable effect on cardiac remodelling. In a 24-month, randomized, investigator-blinded study, we assessed the effect of two different diets and subsequent weight loss on cardiac function and MTG in postmenopausal women. Methods: Sixty-eight healthy postmenopausal women with body mass index [BMI] >= 27 kg/m(2) were randomized to an ad libitum Palaeolithic diet (PD) or a Nordic Nutrition Recommendation (NNR) diet for 24 months. Morphology, cardiac function, and MTG levels were measured using magnetic resonance (MR) scanning, including proton spectroscopy at baseline and 6 and 24 months. Results: Despite mean weight losses of 4.9 (1.0) kg (NNR) and 7.8 (1.1) kg (PD), the MTG content did not change over time (p = 0.98 in the NNR and p = 0.11 in the PD group at 24 months). Reduced left ventricular mass was observed in both diet groups over 24 months. Blood pressure was reduced at 6 months, but returned to baseline levels at 24 months. End diastolic volume, stroke volume, and cardiac output decreased over time. No differences between diet groups were observed. Conclusions: Diet intervention and moderate weight loss over 24 months improved LV remodelling but did not alter MTG levels in overweight/obese postmenopausal women. (C) 2016 Elsevier Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved.
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| 7. |
- Arneryd, Philip, et al.
(författare)
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Fracture strength of low translucent and high translucent monolithic zirconia crowns with different thicknesses
- 2014
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Ingår i: Swedish Dental Journal. - : Swedish Dental Association. - 0347-9994. ; 38:4, s. 195-195
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Tidskriftsartikel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Objective. The aim of the study was to examine the fracture strength of fully anatomical monolithic high translucent Y-TZP, yttria-stabilized tetragonal zirconia polycrystal, crowns and to compare them with monolithic low translucent Y-TZP crowns in different thicknesses. Materials and methods. 80 standardized crowns were made out of a master model resembling a first mandibular molar made in composite material; 40 crowns made of Lava Zirconia by 3M ESPE, a monolithic low translucent Y-TZP material, and 40 crowns made of Lava Plus by 3M ESPE, a monolithic high translucent Y-TZP material. In each group ten crowns of the thicknesses 1.0 mm, 0.7 mm, 0.5 mm and 0.3 mm were made. All crowns underwent thermocycling and preload to simulate aging and normal wear. Finally the specimens were placed in a testing jig and underwent load to fracture. Results. No significant difference was found when comparing the two materials. When comparing the materials in each thickness a significant difference was found in the 0.5 mm group where the high translucent YTZ-P had a higher mean fracture strength value. A significant difference was seen between the different thicknesses within both groups. The strength increased with added thicknesses. Conclusions. The low translucent and high translucent monolithic YTZ-P perform equally well. The use of high translucent monolithic Y-TZP could result in more aesthetic results and the minimal invasive preparation could lead to a reduction in biological complications. This could be beneficial for the patient since the results suggest that even a thin restoration sustains reasonable load in an in vitro environment. Clinical studies are needed to confirm this suggestion.
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| 8. |
- Bakitian, Fahad, et al.
(författare)
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Effect of different semimonolithic designs on fracture resistance and fracture mode of translucent and high-translucent zirconia crowns
- 2018
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Ingår i: Clinical, Cosmetic and Investigational Dentistry. - : Nakladatelstvi Lidove noviny. - 1179-1357. ; 10, s. 51-60
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Purpose: The aim of this study was to describe different designs of semimonolithic crowns made of translucent and high-translucent zirconia materials and to evaluate the effect on fracture resistance and fracture mode. Methods: One hundred crowns with different designs were produced and divided into five groups (n=20): monolithic (M), partially veneered monolithic (semimonolithic) with 0.3 mm buccal veneer (SM0.3), semimonolithic with 0.5 mm buccal veneer (SM0.5), semimonolithic with 0.5 mm buccal veneer supported by wave design (SMW), and semimonolithic with 0.5 mm buccal veneer supported by occlusal cap design (SMC). Each group was divided into two subgroups (n=10) according to the materials used, translucent and high-translucent zirconia. All crowns underwent artificial aging before loading until fracture. Fracture mode analysis was performed. Fracture loads and fracture modes were analyzed using two-way ANOVA and Fisher’s exact probability tests (P≤0.05). Results: SM0.3 design showed highest fracture loads with no significant difference compared to M and SMW designs (P>0.05). SM0.5 design showed lower fracture loads compared to SMW and SWC designs. Crowns made of translucent zirconia showed higher fracture loads compared to those made of high-translucent zirconia. M, SM0.3, and all but one of the SMC crowns showed complete fractures with significant differences in fracture mode compared to SMW and SM0.5 crowns with cohesive veneer fractures (P≤0.05). Conclusion: Translucent and high-translucent zirconia crowns might be used in combination with 0.3 mm microcoating porcelain layer with semimonolithic design to enhance the esthetic properties of restorations without significantly decreasing fracture resistance of the crowns. If 0.5 mm porcelain layer is needed for a semimonolithic crown, wave design or cap design might be used to increase fracture resistance. In both cases, fracture resistance gained is likely to be clinically sufficient as the registered fracture loads were high in relation to expected loads under clinical use.
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| 9. |
- Bakitian, Fahad, et al.
(författare)
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Evaluation of Stress Distribution in Tooth-Supported Fixed Dental Prostheses Made of Translucent Zirconia with Variations in Framework Designs : A Three-Dimensional Finite Element Analysis
- 2020
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Ingår i: Journal of Prosthodontics. - : John Wiley & Sons. - 1059-941X .- 1532-849X. ; 29:4, s. 315-322
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Purpose To evaluate the influence of the framework designs on the stress distribution within tooth-supported partially veneered fixed dental prostheses (FDPs) made of translucent zirconia under simulated loads using a three-dimensional finite element analysis (3D-FEA). Material and Methods For a linear 3D-FEA, simplified 3D solid models of prepared abutment teeth (first premolar and first molar) with different 3-unit FDPs were created. The models with different FDP designs-monolithic zirconia (control); semi-monolithic zirconia with 0.3 mm veneer thickness (SM0.3); semi-monolithic zirconia with 0.5 mm veneer thickness (SM0.5); semi-monolithic zirconia with 0.5 mm veneer thickness supported with cap design (SMC), and semi-monolithic zirconia with 0.5 mm veneer thickness supported with wave design (SMW)-were analyzed using 3D-FEA. The elastic properties of the components (bone, dentine, cement, translucent zirconia, and veneering porcelain) were obtained from the published data for FEA. Simulated static loading forces (300 N) were applied at 10 degrees oblique direction over six points in the occlusal surfaces of the FDPs. Maximum principal stress, shear stress, and safety factor were calculated and analyzed among the different models. Results Semi-monolithic with cap design showed the smallest maximum principal stress levels in the veneering porcelain compared to all other models (SM0.3, SM0.5, SMW). The SM0.3 had lower maximum principal stress levels in the veneering porcelain compared to SM0.5. Regarding stresses in the zirconia framework, all models had comparable results in maximum principal tensile stresses, except SMW had a lower value. Maximum principal stress levels were located in the veneer component of SM0.3, SM0.5, and SMW, whereas, such levels were observed in the cervical areas of the zirconia frameworks of SMC and control. The SM0.3 had the highest maximum shear stress levels at the zirconia-veneer interface, while SMW had the lowest shear values. The 3D-FEA models with different FDP designs showed different minimum safety factor levels. Conclusions Framework and veneer designs play a significant role in the stress distribution of the partially veneered zirconia FDPs under loading. The FDPs with zirconia frameworks with cap design minimize the maximum principal tensile stress in the veneering porcelain. The FDPs with 0.3-mm-veneering porcelain show low maximum principal tensile stress in the veneering porcelain, but highest maximum shear stress at the zirconia-veneer interface. The FDPs with wave design of zirconia frameworks minimize the maximum shear stress considerably.
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| 10. |
- Bakitian, Fahad, et al.
(författare)
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Fracture strength of veneered translucent zirconium dioxide crowns with different porcelain thicknesses.
- 2017
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Ingår i: Acta Biomaterialia Odontologica Scandinavica. - : Taylor & Francis. - 2333-7931. ; 3:1, s. 74-83
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Abstract Objective: To evaluate fracture strength of veneered translucent zirconium dioxide crowns designed with different porcelain layer thicknesses. Materials and Methods: Sixty crowns, divided into six groups of 10, were used in this study. Groups were divided according to different thicknesses of porcelain veneer on translucent zirconium dioxide cores of equal thickness (0.5 mm). Porcelain thicknesses were 2.5, 2.0, 1.0, 0.8, 0.5 and 0.3 mm. Crowns were artificially aged before loaded to fracture. Determination of fracture mode was performed using light microscope. Results: Group 1.0 mm showed significantly (p ≤ .05) highest fracture loads (mean 1540 N) in comparison with groups 2.5, 2.0 and 0.3 mm (mean 851, 910 and 1202 N). There was no significant difference (p>.05) in fracture loads among groups 1.0, 0.8 and 0.5 mm (mean 1540, 1313 and 1286 N). There were significantly (p ≤ .05) more complete fractures in group 0.3 mm compared to all other groups which presented mainly cohesive fractures. Conclusions: Translucent zirconium dioxide crowns can be veneered with minimal thickness layer of 0.5 mm porcelain without showing significantly reduced fracture strength compared to traditionally veneered (1.0–2.0 mm) crowns. Fracture strength of micro-veneered crowns with a layer of porcelain (0.3 mm) is lower than that of traditionally veneered crowns but still within range of what may be considered clinically sufficient. Porcelain layers of 2.0 mm or thicker should be used where expected loads are low only.
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