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- Fahlström, Markus, et al.
(författare)
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Evaluation of Arterial Spin Labeling MRI : Comparison with 15O-Water PET on an Integrated PET/MR Scanner
- 2021
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Ingår i: Diagnostics (Basel). - : MDPI. - 2075-4418. ; 11:5
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Cerebral blood flow (CBF) measurements are of high clinical value and can be acquired non-invasively with no radiation exposure using pseudo-continuous arterial spin labeling (ASL). The aim of this study was to evaluate accordance in resting state CBF between ASL (CBFASL) and 15O-water positron emission tomography (PET) (CBFPET) acquired simultaneously on an integrated 3T PET/MR system. The data comprised ASL and dynamic 15O-water PET data with arterial blood sampling of eighteen subjects (eight patients with focal epilepsy and ten healthy controls, age 21 to 61 years). 15O-water PET parametric CBF images were generated using a basis function implementation of the single tissue compartment model. Cortical and subcortical regions were automatically segmented using Freesurfer. Average CBFASL and CBFPET in grey matter were 60 ± 20 and 75 ± 22 mL/100 g/min respectively, with a relatively high correlation (r = 0.78, p < 0.001). Bland-Altman analysis revealed poor agreement (bias = −15 mL/100 g/min, lower and upper limits of agreements = −16 and 45 mL/100 g/min, respectively) with a negative relationship. Accounting for the negative relationship, the width of the limits of agreement could be narrowed from 61 mL/100 g/min to 35 mL/100 g/min using regression-based limits of agreements. Although a high correlation between CBFASL and CBFPET was found, the agreement in absolute CBF values was not sufficient for ASL to be used interchangeably with 15O-water PET.
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- Fällmar, David, et al.
(författare)
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Arterial spin labeling-based Z-maps have high specificity and positive predictive value for neurodegenerative dementia compared to FDG-PET.
- 2017
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Ingår i: European Radiology. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0938-7994 .- 1432-1084. ; 27:10, s. 4237-4246
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- OBJECTIVE: Cerebral perfusion analysis based on arterial spin labeling (ASL) MRI has been proposed as an alternative to FDG-PET in patients with neurodegenerative disease. Z-maps show normal distribution values relating an image to a database of controls. They are routinely used for FDG-PET to demonstrate disease-specific patterns of hypometabolism at the individual level. This study aimed to compare the performance of Z-maps based on ASL to FDG-PET.METHODS: Data were combined from two separate sites, each cohort consisting of patients with Alzheimer's disease (n = 18 + 7), frontotemporal dementia (n = 12 + 8) and controls (n = 9 + 29). Subjects underwent pseudocontinuous ASL and FDG-PET. Z-maps were created for each subject and modality. Four experienced physicians visually assessed the 166 Z-maps in random order, blinded to modality and diagnosis.RESULTS: Discrimination of patients versus controls using ASL-based Z-maps yielded high specificity (84%) and positive predictive value (80%), but significantly lower sensitivity compared to FDG-PET-based Z-maps (53% vs. 96%, p < 0.001). Among true-positive cases, correct diagnoses were made in 76% (ASL) and 84% (FDG-PET) (p = 0.168).CONCLUSION: ASL-based Z-maps can be used for visual assessment of neurodegenerative dementia with high specificity and positive predictive value, but with inferior sensitivity compared to FDG-PET.KEY POINTS: • ASL-based Z-maps yielded high specificity and positive predictive value in neurodegenerative dementia. • ASL-based Z-maps had significantly lower sensitivity compared to FDG-PET-based Z-maps. • FDG-PET might be reserved for ASL-negative cases where clinical suspicion persists. • Findings were similar at two study sites.
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| 6. |
- Fällmar, David, 1980-, et al.
(författare)
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Validation of true low-dose 18F-FDG PET of the brain
- 2016
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Ingår i: American Journal of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging. - Madison, USA : e-Century Publishing Corporation. - 2160-8407. ; 6:5, s. 269-276
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The dosage of 18F-FDG must be sufficient to ensure adequate PET image quality. For younger patients and research controls, the lowest possible radiation dose should be used. The purpose of this study was to find a protocol for FDG-PET of the brain with reduced radiation dose and preserved quantitative characteristics. Eight patients with neurodegenerative disorders and nine controls (n=17) underwent FDG-PET/CT twice on separate occasions, first with normal-dose (3 MBq/kg), and second with low-dose (0.75 MBq/kg, 25% of the original). Five additional controls (total n=22) underwent FDG-PET twice, using normal-dose and ultra-low-dose (0.3 MBq/kg, 10% of original). All subjects underwent MRI. Ten-minute summation images were spatially normalized and intensity normalized. Regional standard uptake value ratios (SUV-r) were calculated using an automated atlas. SUV-r values from the normal- and low-dose images were compared pairwise. No clinically significant bias was found in any of the three groups. The mean absolute difference in regional SUV-r values was 0.015 (1.32%) in controls and 0.019 (1.67%) in patients. The ultra-low-dose protocol produced a slightly higher mean difference of 0.023 (2.10%). The main conclusion is that 0.75 MBq/kg (56 MBq for a 75-kg subject) is a sufficient FDG dose for evaluating regional SUV-ratios in brain PET scans in adults with or without neurodegenerative disease, resulting in a reduction of total PET/CT effective dose from 4.54 to 1.15 mSv. The ultra-low-dose (0.5 mSv) could be useful in research studies requiring serial PET in healthy controls or children.
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| 7. |
- Fällmar, David, et al.
(författare)
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Visual Assessment of Brain Perfusion MRI Scans in Dementia : a Pilot Study
- 2016
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Ingår i: Journal of Neuroimaging. - : Wiley. - 1051-2284 .- 1552-6569. ; 26:3, s. 324-330
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- PURPOSE: Functional imaging is becoming increasingly important for the detection of neurodegenerative disorders. Perfusion MRI with arterial spin labeling (ASL) has been reported to provide promising diagnostic possibilities but is not yet widely used in routine clinical work. The aim of this study was to compare, in a clinical setting, the visual assessment of subtracted ASL CBF maps with and without additional smoothing, to FDG-PET data.METHODS: Ten patients with a clinical diagnosis of dementia and 11 age-matched cognitively healthy controls were examined with pseudo-continuous ASL (pCASL) and 18F-Fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography (FDG-PET). Three diagnostic physicians visually assessed the pCASL maps after subtraction only, and after postprocessing using Gaussian smoothing and GLM-based beta estimate functions. The assessment scores were compared to FDG PET values. Furthermore, the ability to discriminate patients from healthy elderly controls was assessed.RESULTS: Smoothing improved the correlation between visually assessed regional ASL perfusion scores and the FDG PET SUV-r values from the corresponding regions. However, subtracted pCASL maps discriminated patients from healthy controls better than smoothed maps. Smoothing increased the number of false-positive patient identifications. Application of beta estimate functions had only a marginal effect.CONCLUSION: Spatial smoothing of ASL images increased false positive results in the discrimination of hypoperfusion conditions from healthy elderly. It also decreased interreader agreement. However, regional characterization and subjective perception of image quality was improved.
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| 8. |
- Fällmar, David, et al.
(författare)
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Z-score maps from low-dose 18F-FDG PET of the brain in neurodegenerative dementia.
- 2018
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Ingår i: American Journal of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging. - 2160-8407. ; 8:4, s. 239-246
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Neuroimaging is a central part of diagnostic work-up of patients with suspected neurodegenerative disease. FDG-PET can reveal pathological changes earlier and more reliably than morphological imaging. Diagnostic accuracy can be improved by constructing 3D SSP Z-score maps, showing patterns of significant deficits. During FDG-PET, the subject receives a moderate but not insignificant dose of ionizing radiation, and a dose reduction with retained image quality is desirable. With lower dose, repeated examinations can become a useful tool for monitoring disease progress and potential effects of disease-modifying interventions. The aim of this study was to evaluate Z-maps created from low-dose and normal-dose FDG-PET of the brain, with quantitative and qualitative methods. Nine patients with neurodegenerative disorders were prospectively enrolled and nine age-matched controls were recruited through advertising. All subjects (n=18) underwent two FDG-PET scans on separate occasions; a routine and a low-dose scan. The routine dosage of FDG was 3 MBq/kg, and low dosage was 0.75 MBq/kg. 3D-SSP images showing Z-scores of < -1.96 were created from 10-minute summations. The study was comprised of a quantitative part comparing the Z-scores, and a qualitative part where experienced nuclear medicine specialists visually assessed the images. Regarding the quantitative part, Bland-Altman analysis showed a slight constant bias (0.206). Regarding qualitative discrimination between patients and controls, the performance between normal- and low-dose were equal, both showing 72% sensitivity, 83% specificity and 78% accuracy. In this study, visual assessment of 3D-SSP Z-score maps from low-dose FDG-PET provided diagnostic information highly comparable to normal-dose, with minor quantitative discrepancies.
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| 10. |
- Lubberink, Mark, et al.
(författare)
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Tracer kinetic analysis of the SV2A ligand 11C-UCBA as a PET marker for synaptic density in humans
- 2017
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Ingår i: Journal of Nuclear Medicine. - 0161-5505 .- 1535-5667. ; 58:S1
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Tidskriftsartikel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Objectives: Quantitative imaging of the synaptic vesicle glycoprotein 2A (SV2A) with PET can be used as a measure of synaptic density in the human brain (Finnema et al, Science Tr Med 2016), changes of which occur in many neurodegenerative diseases. 11C-UCBA has previously been validated as an SV2A tracer in pigs (Estrada et al, Nucl Med Biol 2016), showing dose-dependent blocking and reversible binding. The aim of the present work was to evaluate tracer kinetic models and simplified methods for quantification of synaptic density using 11C-UCBA in humans.Methods: Eight subjects (6 epilepsy patients, 2 controls) underwent 90 min PET scans starting with injection of 5 MBq/kg 11C-UCBA on a time-of-flight integrated PET-MR scanner (Signa PET-MR, GE Healthcare). Arterial blood was withdrawn for measurements of whole blood and plasma concentrations and metabolite analysis. Images were reconstructed using zero-echo-time MR-based attenuation correction, accounting for bone attenuation. A probabilistic VOI template was defined on a T1-MRI image, acquired during the PET scan, and transferred to the dynamic PET images. A centrum semiovale VOI was drawn as potential reference tissue. Data were analysed using single-tissue (1T2k), two-tissue irreversible (2T3k) and reversible (2T4k) models, as well as the simplified reference tissue model (SRTM) and plasma- and reference-Logan methods, resulting in total distribution volume (VT) and binding potential (BPND) values, with binding potential both estimated directly and as distribution volume ratio to centrum semiovale (DVR). The optimal compartment model was determined using the Akaike information criterion (AIC). Standardized uptake value ratios (SUVR) at various time points were compared to modelling outcomes using regression analysis.Results: Plasma and brain kinetics of 11C-UCBA were slow, with peak activity in brain at 70-80 min. Parent fraction was approximately 50% at 90 min. Plasma-input data were best described using the 2T4k model, but this could often not provide robust VT or BPND values. Mean plasma-Logan VT was 24±17. Plasma-Logan DVR using centrum semiovale as reference tissue correlated well with 2T4k DVR (R2 0.94) for those regions where robust DVR values could be determined. Reference-Logan DVR showed good correlation with plasma-Logan DVR (R2 0.72). Plasma-Logan DVR-1 and SUVR-1 images are shown in Figure 1. SUVR for the 40-60 and 70-90 min intervals correlated well with reference-Logan DVR (R2 0.92 and 0.98).Conclusion: Slow kinetics of 11C-UCBA resulted in poor robustness of outcome parameters of reversible compartment models. However, reference-Logan DVR correlated well with plasma-Logan DVR. SUVR at 70-90 min p.i. correlated well with DVR and may be used as a simplified measure of synaptic density using 11C-UCBA. Research Support: Uppsala County Council
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