| 1. |
- Colins, Olivier F., 1978-, et al.
(författare)
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Psychopathic Traits in Early Childhood : Further Validation of the Child Problematic Traits Inventory
- 2017
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Ingår i: Assessment. - Thousand Oaks, USA : Sage Publications. - 1073-1911 .- 1552-3489. ; 24:5, s. 602-614
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The aim was to further test the reliability and validity of a newly developed instrument designed to assess psychopathic personality traits in children, the Child Problematic Traits Inventory (CPTI). Data from the Preschool Twin Study in Sweden were used, a national general population study of 5-year-old twins (n = 1,188, 50.3% girls). Both preschool teachers and parents were used as informants. Confirmatory factor analysis replicated the intended three-factorial structure of the 28 items of the CPTI. Overall, our findings demonstrated good internal consistency and convergent validity, with all the teacher-rated CPTI scores being associated with teacher and parent ratings of externalizing psychopathology, aggressive behavior, fearlessness, and prosocial peer involvement. In conclusion, the CPTI hold promise as a teacher-rated tool for assessing psychopathic traits in childhood, though more research is needed to see if these findings can be generalized to other countries, settings, and older children.
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| 2. |
- Larsson, Henrik, 1975-, et al.
(författare)
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A genetic factor explains most of the variation in the psychopathic personality
- 2006
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Ingår i: Journal of Abnormal Psychology. - : American Psychological Association (APA). - 0021-843X .- 1939-1846. ; 115:2, s. 221-230
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The psychopathic personality can be conceptualized as three interrelated dimensions, (a) an interpersonal style of glibness, grandiosity, and manipulation; (b) an affective disposition of callousness, lack of empathy, and unemotionality; and (c) a behavioral/lifestyle dimension of impulsivity, need for stimulation, and irresponsibility, underpinning a higher order construct, psychopathic personality. The authors used a self-report questionnaire (The Youth Psychopathic Traits Inventory) to study the importance of genetic and environmental influences on psychopathic personality traits in a sample of 1,090 monozygotic and dizygotic twin pairs, aged 16-17 years. Results showed a strong genetic influence behind the higher order "psychopathic personality" factor, underpinned by the three psychopathic personality dimensions. Over and above the effects to the higher order factor, significant unique genetic influences were also found in the callous/unemotional and in the impulsive/irresponsible dimension, but not in the grandiose/manipulative dimension. The authors propose that this latent psychopathic personality factor is a meaningful target for future etiological research.
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| 3. |
- Virtanen, Suvi, et al.
(författare)
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Do psychopathic personality traits in childhood predict subsequent criminality and psychiatric outcomes over and above childhood behavioral problems?
- 2022
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Ingår i: Journal of criminal justice. - : Elsevier. - 0047-2352 .- 1873-6203. ; 80
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Purpose: We investigated whether childhood psychopathic personality traits predicted subsequent self-reported and register-based criminality and psychiatric outcomes when childhood behavioral problems (conduct disorder [CD] and ADHD symptoms) were accounted for.Methods: In the Child and Adolescent Twin Study in Sweden, parents rated their children's (n = 12,394) psychopathic personality traits, CD, and ADHD symptoms at age 9/12. We studied the risk for self-reported delinquency, problematic substance use, and anxiety/depression at age 18. The sample was also linked to nationwide registers where we studied suspicion of crimes, and diagnoses of substance use disorders and anxiety/depression up to age 21.Results: Childhood psychopathic personality traits were associated with self-reported delinquency (β = 0.65, 95% CI: 0.41–0.90) and suspicions of violent (hazard ratio [HR] = 1.33, [1.23–1.45]) and non-violent (HR = 1.28, [1.22–1.36]) crimes. The estimates were attenuated, but remained elevated for delinquency and violent crimes after accounting for childhood behavioral problems. Psychopathic personality traits were associated with substance use problems and anxiety/depression, but these associations were mainly explained by childhood behavioral problems.Conclusions: Psychopathic personality traits were a risk marker for criminality and psychiatric outcomes, particularly in children with co-occurring behavioral problems. However, the independent contribution of psychopathic personality traits was modest at best, when behavioral problems were accounted for.
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| 4. |
- Solares, Carmen, 1987-, et al.
(författare)
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Externalizing Behaviors and Alzheimer's Disease and Any Dementia : A Multigeneration Cohort Study in Sweden
- 2023
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Ingår i: Innovation in Aging. - : Oxford University Press. - 2399-5300. ; 7:9
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background and Objectives: We examined the extent to which externalizing behaviors such as violent and nonviolent criminal behavior, and substance use disorders (SUD) are associate with the onset of Alzheimer’s disease (AD) and any dementia in prior generations.Research Design and Methods: A nationwide cohort of 2,463,033 individuals born between 1973 and 1997 (index persons) were linked to their biological relatives (parents, grandparents, and uncles/aunts) using Swedish national registers. Cox regression models were used to examine the association between each measure of externalizing behaviors with AD and any dementia in each of the relative cohorts.Results: Parents of index persons with externalizing behaviors had an increased risk for AD compared with parents of index persons without externalizing behaviors—nonviolent criminal behavior: Hazard Ratio (HR) = 1.16, 95% Confidence Intervals (CI) 1.10–1.22; violent criminal behavior: HR = 1.32 (95% CI: 1.19–1.45); SUD: HR = 1.28 (95% CI: 1.17, 1.40). The associations attenuated with decreasing familial relatedness. Relatives of individuals with externalizing behaviors compared with relatives of individuals without, showed an increased risk of having both early-onset and late-onset AD but the strength of the associations was higher for early-onset AD than for late-onset AD. A similar pattern of results was observed for the association with any dementia.Discussion and Implications: Externalizing behaviors are associated with AD and any dementia in prior generations. The associations were stronger for parents in comparison with grandparents and uncles/aunts, suggesting shared familial risks between conditions. This warrants further studies examining common genetic and family-wide environmental factors that may contribute to identifying common underlying mechanisms to the development of externalizing behaviors, AD, and any dementia.
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| 5. |
- Solares Canal, Carmen, 1987-
(författare)
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The impact of criminal and externalizing behaviors on aging : Long-term associations with health and dementia
- 2024
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Previous studies have shown that criminal and other externalizing behaviors are associated with several adverse outcomes, but very little is known about the impact of these behaviors beyond middle adulthood. Few studies have explored how a life-course background of criminal and externalizing behaviors influence aging and more specifically, whether it is associated with the onset and development of different neurodegenerative, mental, and physical health disorders when aging. The overarching aim of this dissertation is to advance the knowledge about the long-term influence that criminal and other externalizing behaviors along the lifespan may have on health and neurodegeneration while individuals age. This aim was explored throughout three studies: Study I, a systematic review and meta-analysis performed to investigate the prevalence of several mental and physical health problems of older offenders; Study II, a Swedish population-based register study which examined how the severity of the criminal background associated with dementia and mild cognitive impairment (MCI), and how several life-course factors influenced these associations and; Study III, a multi-generation cohort study investigating whether externalizing behaviors and dementia co-aggregate in families. The main findings suggest that older adults with criminal and externalizing behavioral backgrounds, and overall, those with a severe criminal history, exhibit an increased liability to develop physical and mental health problems as well as MCI and dementia when aging. This increased risk is influenced by life-course health and psychosocial problems as well as genetic and familial environmental factors. In general, findings from this thesis point towards a better understanding of the aging process of individuals with this background, and to further the scientific knowledge about the influence of life-course adverse behaviors on aging. This knowledge may promote the development of preventive and interventive strategies for individuals with a criminal and externalizing behavioral background.
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| 6. |
- Brikell, Isabell, et al.
(författare)
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Relative Immaturity in Childhood and Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder Symptoms From Childhood to Early Adulthood : Exploring Genetic and Environmental Overlap Across Development
- 2016
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Ingår i: Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry. - : Elsevier. - 0890-8567 .- 1527-5418. ; 55:10, s. 886-895
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Objective: Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) has been linked to immaturity relative to peers in childhood, yet it is unclear how such immaturity is associated with ADHD across development. This longitudinal twin study examined the genetic and environmental contributions to the association between parents' perception of their child's immaturity relative to peers (RI) in childhood and ADHD symptoms across development.Method: 1,302 twin pairs from the Swedish Twin Study of Child and Adolescent Development were followed prospectively from childhood to early adulthood. Parent ratings of RI were collected at 8 to 9 years and parent and self-ratings of ADHD symptoms were collected at 8 to 9, 13 to 14, 16 to 17, and 19 to 20 years using the Child Behavior Checklist Attention Problems scale. In addition, ADHD symptoms corresponding to DSM criteria were used for sensitivity analysis. Analyses were conducted using longitudinal structural equation modeling with multiple raters.Results: RI-related etiologic factors, predominantly influenced by genes, explained 10-14% of the variance in ADHD symptoms from 8 to 9 up to 16 to 17 years. The influence of these RI-related factors on ADHD symptoms attenuated to 4% by 19 to 20 years of age. The remaining variance in ADHD symptoms was primarily explained by genetic factors independent of RI, which remained relatively stable across development, explaining 19% to 30% of the variance in ADHD symptoms from 13 to 14 up to 19 to 20 years.Conclusion: The results show that RI is significantly associated with ADHD symptoms, particularly during childhood and adolescence, and that the association is primarily explained by a shared genetic liability. Nevertheless, the magnitude of associations across development was modest, highlighting that RI is merely one aspect contributing to the complex etiology of ADHD symptoms.
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| 7. |
- Forsman, Mats, et al.
(författare)
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A longitudinal twin study of the direction of effects between psychopathic personality and antisocial behaviour
- 2010
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Ingår i: Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry. - : Wiley. - 0021-9630 .- 1469-7610. ; 51:1, s. 39-47
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Antisocial behaviour may partly develop as a consequence of psychopathic personality. However, neither the direction of effects nor the aetiology of the association has previously been clarified. The aim in this study was to investigate the direction of effects between psychopathic personality and antisocial behaviour, and to investigate the genetic and environmental contribution to this association. Method: Twins (n = 2,255) in the Swedish Twin Study of Child and Adolescent Development were prospectively followed from adolescence to adulthood. We used a longitudinal cross-lagged twin model to study the associations between psychopathic personality and antisocial behaviour. Results: Psychopathic personality in mid-adolescence predicted antisocial behaviour in adulthood (p < .001), but not the other way around. However, bidirectional effects were found when a measure of persistent antisocial behaviour (from age 8-9 to age 16-17) was used. Psychopathic personality predicted both rule-breaking behaviour (p < .001) and aggressive behaviour (p < .01). Genetic factors were of importance in mediating the longitudinal associations between psychopathic personality and antisocial behaviour. Conclusions: This study provides evidence that genetically influenced psychopathic personality is a robust predictor of adult antisocial behaviour, but also that persistent antisocial behaviour has an impact on adult psychopathic personality via genetic effects.
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| 8. |
- Friedrichs, Bettina, et al.
(författare)
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Coexisting psychiatric problems and stressful life events in adults with symptoms of ADHD : a large Swedish population-based study of twins
- 2012
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Ingår i: Journal of Attention Disorders. - : Sage Publications. - 1087-0547 .- 1557-1246. ; 16:1, s. 13-22
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- OBJECTIVE: To explore the associations of subtypes of adult ADHD with other psychiatric problems, stressful life events, and sex differences.METHOD: Odds ratios were calculated using information from 17,899 participants from a population-based survey of adult twins born in Sweden between 1959 and 1985.RESULTS: Symptoms of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) were associated with an increased risk for symptoms of (odds ratio [95% confidence interval]): generalized anxiety disorder (5.6 [4.3; 6.5]), major depression (2.8 [2.4; 3.2]), bipolar disorder (8.0 [5.1; 12.6]), obsessive-compulsive disorder (3.9 [3.1; 4.9]), and alcohol dependence (2.6 [2.2; 3.1]). Symptoms of ADHD were found to be associated with an increased risk for stressful life events (1.8 [1.3; 2.4]). No significant difference in comorbidity was observed between the two sexes.CONCLUSION: Both women and men with ADHD are at increased risk for symptoms of other psychiatric disorders. They are also at increased risk for stressful life events.
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| 9. |
- Larsson, Henrik, et al.
(författare)
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A common genetic factor explains the association between psychopathic personality and antisocial behavior
- 2007
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Ingår i: Psychological Medicine. - 0033-2917 .- 1469-8978. ; 37:1, s. 15-26
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Both psychopathic personality traits and antisocial behavior are influenced by geneticas well as environmental factors. However, little is known about how genetic and environmental factors contribute to the associations between the psychopathic personality traits and antisocial behavior.Method: Data were drawn from a longitudinal population-based twin sample including all 1480 twin pairs born in Sweden between May 1985 and December 1986. The twins responded to mailed self-report questionnaires at two occasions: 1999 (twins 13–14 years old), and 2002 (twins 16–17years old).Results: A common genetic factor loaded substantially on both psychopathic personality traits and antisocial behavior, whereas a common shared environmental factor loaded exclusively on antisocial behavior.Conclusions: The genetic overlap between psychopathic personality traits and antisocial behavior may reflect a genetic vulnerability to externalizing psychopathology. The finding of shared environmental influences only in antisocial behavior suggests an etiological distinction between psychopathic personality dimensions and antisocial behavior. Knowledge about temperamental correlates to antisocial behavior is important for identification of susceptibility genes, as well as for possible prevention through identification of at-risk children early in life
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| 10. |
- Larsson, Henrik, 1975-, et al.
(författare)
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Childhood attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder as an extreme of a continuous trait: a quantitative genetic study of 8,500 twin pairs.
- 2012
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Ingår i: Journal of child psychology and psychiatry, and allied disciplines. - : Wiley. - 1469-7610 .- 0021-9630. ; 53:1, s. 73-80
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Although the clinical utility of categorically defined attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is well established, there is also strong evidence supporting the notion of ADHD as an extreme of a continuous trait. Nevertheless, the question of whether the etiology is the same for different levels of DSM-IV ADHD symptoms remains to be investigated. The aim of this study was to assess genetic links between the extreme and the subthreshold range of ADHD symptoms.
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