| 1. |
- Arnardóttir, R. H., et al.
(författare)
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No increase in walking distance on repeated tests in COPD patients with exercise-induced hypoxaemia
- 2007
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Ingår i: Advances in Physiotherapy. - : Informa UK Limited. - 1403-8196 .- 1651-1948. ; 9:4, s. 161-168
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The aim of the study was to investigate the effect of retesting on the 12-min walking distance (12MWD) in patients with moderate or severe chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), with and without exercise-induced hypoxaemia (EIH) and to evaluate whether baseline characteristics derived before walking influence on variation of repeated tests. Fifty-seven COPD patients, mean age 66 (range 47 84) years, performed three 12-min walk tests within 1 week. Before and after each test, oxygen saturation (pulse oximetry, SpO 2), heart rate, breathing frequency, peak expiratory flow, and subjective ratings of exertion and dyspnoea were measured. EIH was defined as a fall in SpO 2 below 90% at the first walk test. The 12MWD did not increase on repeated testing in the EIH group. In the non-EIH group, the 12MWD increased by 12% (p<0.001) from test 1 to test 2 and by 4% (p<0.001) from test 2 to test 3. No day-to-day variation was observed in pre-walking characteristics. At least one training test is needed in non-EIH patients with COPD, as their effort and performance on the 12-min walk test increases on retesting (learning effects). In patients with EIH, the term "training test" is not relevant, as their walking distance did not homogeneously increase on repeated testing.
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| 2. |
- Dahlquist, Erik, et al.
(författare)
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Modelling and Simulation of Biomass Conversion Processes
- 2015
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Ingår i: Proceedings - 8th EUROSIM Congress on Modelling and Simulation, EUROSIM 2013. - 9780769550732 ; , s. 506-512
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- By utilizing biomass gasification, the energy contentof the biomass can be utilized to produce gas to be used forcogeneration of heat and power as well as other energy carrierssuch as fuels for vehicles. The concept is suitable forapplication to existing CHP plants as well as for utilizing spentliqour in small scale pulp and paper mills. The introductionwould enable flexible energy utilization, use of problematicfuels as well as protects the environment by e.g. avoiding therelease of toxic substances. In this paper, the possibilities todevelop this concept is discussed. In this paper we comparedifferent gasification processes with respect to what gas qualitywe get, and how the gasification can be modelled usingdifferent modelling approaches, and how these can becombined. Results from simulations are compared toexperimental results from pilot plant operations in differentscales and with different processes like CFB and BFBTechnologies, athmospheric and pressurized, and using steam,air and oxygen as oxidizing media.
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| 3. |
- Hallmans, Daniel, et al.
(författare)
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A method and industrial case : Replacement of an FPGA component in a legacy control system
- 2015
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Ingår i: Proceeding - 2015 IEEE International Conference on Industrial Informatics, INDIN 2015. - 9781479966493 ; , s. 208-214
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- A significant part of industrial systems have requirements on long life times. Such requirements on the complete system impose requirements on its corresponding embedded systems to be operational for an equally long time. As a consequence it is of paramount importance to be able to replace obsolete components of the embedded systems during the life time of the system, and to be able to update part of the design due to new requirements. In this paper we present a method to manage component replacement in such systems, and we present an industrial case study highlighting the work needed to replace an FPGA chip with another, including all corresponding legacy FPGA design challenges that comes with such a replacement. We have found one larger problem inherent in the ability to use the included components in a way that is not possible with the new circuits replacing the old ones. This problem significantly increased the work needed when performing the conversion and migration from the old design to the new, since parts of the design had to be redesigned from a functional perspective.
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| 4. |
- Hallmans, D., et al.
(författare)
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Challenges and opportunities when introducing cloud computing into embedded systems
- 2015
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Ingår i: Proceeding - 2015 IEEE International Conference on Industrial Informatics, INDIN 2015. - 9781479966493 ; , s. 454-459
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- The use of cloud computing in different application areas is growing fast. More and more functions are being moved into the cloud in order to take advantage of cloud computing strengths such as scalability, resources on demand, and usage based cost models. However, most types of embedded systems are still in an early phase of cloud adoption, with a few exceptions found in e.g., data storage and user interfaces. In this paper we present a number of challenges and opportunities when introducing cloud computing into embedded systems. In particular, we look at embedded systems with requirements on timing predictability, i.e., real-time systems. In the paper we conclude that it is possible to move a complete soft real-time system into the cloud. Moreover we see an upcoming development in cloud computing to potentially allow for hard real-time systems to be moved to the cloud.
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| 5. |
- Hallmans, Daniel, et al.
(författare)
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Consistent sensor values on a real-time ethernet network
- 2016
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Ingår i: IEEE International Workshop on Factory Communication Systems - Proceedings, WFCS. - 9781509023394
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Industrial control systems often exhibit a need for short latencies and/or consistent data gathering. In a system with limited resources it is a challenge to achieve the combination of short latencies and consistent data. In this paper we propose three different architectural solutions to this challenge, each having different trade-offs: one that gives a consistent set of data and also a short latency but with a higher resource usage, a second alternative that reduces resource needs but at the cost of an increased latency, and a third and final solution that reduces resource needs to a minimum but in doing so also increasing the latency. The results presented in this paper suggest that it is possible to get low latency and robustness at the cost of performance.
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| 6. |
- Hanna, Atieh, et al.
(författare)
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Deliberative safety for industrial intelligent human-robot collaboration: Regulatory challenges and solutions for taking the next step towards industry 4.0
- 2022
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Ingår i: Robotics and Computer-Integrated Manufacturing. - : Elsevier BV. - 0736-5845 .- 1879-2537. ; 78
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In previous scholarly literature, safety is understood as a main obstacle for introducing human-robot collaboration in industrial production. This interdisciplinary paper is concerned with the safety and regulation of human-robot collaboration and contribute to this debate through a case study of stakeholders in Sweden, exploring the views of the involved stakeholders which is largely absent in previous research literature. The case study concludes that while stressing some potential benefits, stakeholders within the industry are generally reluctant to human-robot collaboration. Current regulation and safety standards are understood to be one of the prominent obstacles to such solutions. Based on the perspectives of the stakeholders as well as an analysis of current regulation and safety standards, the paper identifies the following problems with current regulation: (i) existing categories and conceptualizations used to guide safety evaluation are problematic, (ii) intelligence and autonomous aspects of collaborative systems are not sufficiently addressed, (iii) current standards do not enable evaluation of the trade off between safety, efficiency and flexibility, and (iv) the regulation has a lack of focus on active safety and using the control system as a safety measure.In an attempt to address these identified problems, the difference between traditional collaborative robots and intelligent human-robot collaboration is analyzed in the paper and a new safety approach is suggested, called Deliberative safety, which allows the humans and robots to switch between different safety measures based on the need for flexibility or efficiency to reach production goals. While considering system performance, we propose a taxonomy to better support the design of deliberative safety as well as five safety measures to use in a deliberative safety approach. These measures include available measures like perimeter safety, zone safety and reactive safety to more advanced measures like planned and active safety, and when used together, they can enable intelligent human-robot collaboration.
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| 7. |
- Harpa Arnardóttir, R., et al.
(författare)
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Two different training programmes for patients with COPD : A randomised study with 1-year follow-up
- 2006
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Ingår i: Respiratory Medicine. - : Elsevier BV. - 0954-6111 .- 1532-3064. ; 100:1, s. 130-139
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Purpose: To compare the effects on exercise capacity and health related quality of life (HRQoL) of two exercise programmes; one programme including endurance training and one including only resistance training and callisthenics. A second purpose was to find out whether the severity of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) affected the training response and whether the interventions had a long-term effect. Methods: Sixty-three patients were stratified according to severity of COPD and randomised to two training groups. Group A had a mixed programme including endurance training. Group B had resistance training and callisthenics. All trained twice weekly for 8 weeks. A symptom-limited ergometer test, 12-min walking test, dynamic spirometry, blood gas analysis at rest and HRQoL were measured before and after the training period. Follow-up tests were conducted at 6 and 12 months after training. Results: Forty-two patients fulfilled the trial. In group A (n = 20) peak exercise capacity increased by 7 W (P<0.001) and 12-min walking distance (12MWD) by 50 m (P<0.01), whereas group B (n = 22) did not change in any of these variables. HRQoL did not change significantly in either group. Training response was similar in patients with moderate and severe disease. One year post-training 12MWD had returned to pre-training level in group A, and below pre-training level in group B (P<0.05). Conclusions: Exercise capacity in patients with severe and moderate COPD improved by intensive endurance training, two sessions a week for 8 weeks. The improvement was however small and HRQoL did not improve. Severity of illness did not affect response to training. The results indicated that the effects of a short endurance training intervention slowed down decline in baseline functional exercise capacity for 1 year.
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| 8. |
- Kaminsky, Elenor, et al.
(författare)
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Goals of telenursing - the managers' perspectives : A qualitative study on the Swedish Healthcare Direct
- 2014
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Ingår i: BMC Health Services Research. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1472-6963. ; 24:14, s. Article number 188-
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Swedish Healthcare Direct (SHD) receives 6 million calls yearly and aims at increased public sense of security and healthcare efficiency. Little is known about what SHD managers perceive as the primary goals of telephone nursing (TN) work and how the organisation matches goals of health promotion and equitable healthcare, so important in Swedish healthcare legislation. The aim of the study was to explore and describe what the SHD managers perceive as the goals of TN work and how the managers view health promotion and implementation of equitable healthcare with gender as example at SHD. Methods. The study was qualitative using an exploratory and descriptive design. All 23 managers employed at SHD were interviewed and data analysis used deductive directed content analysis. Results: The findings reveal four themes describing the goals of TN work as recommended by the SHD managers. These are: 'create feelings of trust', 'achieve patient safety', 'assess, refer and give advice', and 'teach the caller'. Most of the managers stated that health promotion should not be included in the goals, whereas equitable healthcare was viewed as an important issue. Varying suggestions for implementing equitable healthcare were given. Conclusions: The interviewed managers mainly echoed the organisational goals of TN work. The managers' expressed goal of teaching lacked the caller learning components highlighted by telenurses in previous research. The fact that health promotion was not seen as important indicates a need for SHD to clarify its goals as the organisation is part of the Swedish healthcare system, where health promotion should always permeate work. Time used for health promotion and dialogues in a gender equitable manner at SHD is well invested as it will save time elsewhere in the health care system, thereby facing one of the challenges of European health systems.
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| 9. |
- Kenward, R. E., et al.
(författare)
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Identifying governance strategies that effectively support ecosystem services, resource sustainability, and biodiversity
- 2011
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Ingår i: Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America. - : Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. - 0027-8424 .- 1091-6490. ; 108:13, s. 5308-5312
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Conservation scientists, national governments, and international conservation groups seek to devise, and implement, governance strategies that mitigate human impact on the environment. However, few studies to date have systematically investigated the performance of different systems of governance in achieving successful conservation outcomes. Here, we use a newly-developed analytic framework to conduct analyses of a suite of case studies, linking different governance strategies to standardized scores for delivering ecosystem services, achieving sustainable use of natural resources, and conserving biodiversity, at both local and international levels. Our results: (i) confirm the benefits of adaptive management; and (ii) reveal strong associations for the role of leadership. Our work provides a critical step toward implementing empirically justified governance strategies that are capable of improving the management of human-altered environments, with benefits for both biodiversity and people.
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| 10. |
- Larsson, Eva K., 1965-, et al.
(författare)
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Gas Treatment
- 2009
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Ingår i: Thermal Biomass Conversion. - Newbury, United Kingdom : CPL Press, CPL Scientific Publishing Services Ltd. - 9781872691534 ; , s. 177-188
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Bokkapitel (refereegranskat)
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