| 1. |
- Janols, Helena, et al.
(författare)
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A high frequency of MDSCs in sepsis patients, with the granulocytic subtype dominating in gram-positive cases.
- 2014
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Ingår i: Journal of Leukocyte Biology. - 1938-3673. ; 96:5, s. 685-693
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The causative microorganisms dictate the type of MDSC generated in sepsis patients, and a large proportion of PMN-MDSCs in gram-positive sepsis includes immunosuppressive myeloid blasts. MDSCs constitute a heterogeneous population of immature myeloid cells that potently suppress immune responses. They were identified originally in cancer patients and have since been reported to occur also in chronic inflammation, autoimmunity, and even bacterial infections. Human MDSCs are commonly divided into Mo-MDSCs and granulocytic (PMN-MDSCs) subtypes. To what extent the bona fide cancer MDSCs are representative of the proposed MDSCs found in other diseases is not well known. PMN-MDSCs have been found previously to be enriched among LDGs in density gradient-centrifuged blood. In this study, we analyzed potential MDSCs in sepsis patients with different causative microorganisms, using total peripheral blood compared with density gradient-centrifuged blood. We found a high frequency of typical CD14(+)HLA-DR(low) Mo-MDSCs in all sepsis patients, whereas the typical PMN-MDSCs, as well as a prominent CD14(low) PMN-MDSC-like population, appeared preferentially in gram-positive cases. The CD14(low) PMN-MDSC variant was demonstrated to suppress T cell proliferation in vitro via a ROS-dependent mechanism, to display an increased IL-10:TNF-α ratio, and to present with signs of immaturity: blast morphology and low cytokine levels. We conclude that a spectrum of cells with MDSC features is enriched in sepsis and that the microbial origin of sepsis contributes to the substantial interindividual patient variation in the MDSC pattern.
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| 2. |
- Johansson, Annelie, 1973-
(författare)
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När kroppen sviker : -en livsvärldsstudie om kvinnors erfarenheter av hälsa, sjukdom och vård i samband med en hjärtinfarkt
- 2005
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Licentiatavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- This thesis for a licentiate degree is a Caring Science lifeworld study the purpose of which is to describe women’s experiences of illness, health and care following a myocardial infarction. It consists of two studies (Papers I and II) which form the first part of a doctoral dissertation. Cardio-vascular disorders are a major public health problem today. Besides the impact these disorders have on public finances, a disease such as myocardial infarction entails suffering for the afflicted person. Current research indicates that women measure their health as lower than men following a myocardial infarction. There is still a lack of knowledge on how to understand women’s health process following a myocardial infarction, and how to provide them with the support needed to promote good health and well-being. Paper I explores women’s experiences of their lifeworld and body following a myocardial infarction. Paper II explores women’s experiences of the care and health process following a myocardial infarction, with a particular focus on their experience of participation. The method of reflective lifeworld research, based on phenomenological epistemology, is used to explore the meaning that is experienced in the lived world of the patient. This research finds that women describe that their lives come to a stand-still following a myocardial infarction. They perceive their bodies as having failed them, which entails existential uncertainty, meaning that the women no longer feel secure about their bodies or life, itself. Their suffering is difficult to understand, both for themselves and for those around them, and the women suffer in silence. Health-care professionals have the potential to promote health by supporting the women towards greater participation and independence in the health process. Participation, however, is not limited to concrete participation in care, but in offering health care based on women’s perspective of how their life situations changed following the illness. This will provide the women with the support they need to discover their own health promoting resources, and to become friends with their bodies and the life that follows a myocardial infarction.
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| 3. |
- Larhammar, Dan, 1956-, et al.
(författare)
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Evolution of vertebrate rod and cone phototransduction genes
- 2009
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Ingår i: Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London. Biological Sciences. - : The Royal Society. - 0962-8436 .- 1471-2970. ; 364:1531, s. 2867-2880
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Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- Vertebrate cones and rods in several cases use separate but related components for their signal transduction (opsins, G-proteins, ion channels, etc.). Some of these proteins are also used differentially in other cell types in the retina. Because cones, rods and other retinal cell types originated in early vertebrate evolution, it is of interest to see if their specific genes arose in the extensive gene duplications that took place in the ancestor of the jawed vertebrates (gnathostomes) by two tetraploidizations (genome doublings). The ancestor of teleost fishes subsequently underwent a third tetraploidization. Our previously reported analyses showed that several gene families in the vertebrate visual phototransduction cascade received new members in the basal tetraploidizations. We here expand these data with studies of additional gene families and vertebrate species. We conclude that no less than 10 of the 13 studied phototransduction gene families received additional members in the two basal vertebrate tetraploidizations. Also the remaining three families seem to have undergone duplications during the same time period but it is unclear if this happened as a result of the tetraploidizations. The implications of the many early vertebrate gene duplications for functional specialization of specific retinal cell types, particularly cones and rods, are discussed.
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| 4. |
- Larsson, Anna-Karin A, et al.
(författare)
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Duration of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus colonization after diagnosis: A four-year experience from southern Sweden
- 2011
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Ingår i: Scandinavian Journal of Infectious Diseases. - : Informa UK Limited. - 1651-1980 .- 0036-5548. ; 43:6-7, s. 456-462
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: The duration of colonization with methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) is not well known and there is debate as to whether a patient colonized with MRSA ever can be defined as 'MRSA-negative'. Methods: Since 2003 all notified MRSA cases have been systematically followed in Skane County, southern Sweden. Cultures are taken from the nares, throat, perineum and possible skin lesions. Contact tracing is conducted. The screening program continues as long as cultures are positive and then until 1 y of consecutive negative cultures for MRSA is completed. Results: Of the 578 MRSA cases during 2003-2006, 535 were included in this retrospective study. The median duration of colonization with MRSA was 5.9 months. Having household contacts with MRSA, young age, spa-type t002 and colonization in 2 or more locations, were significantly associated with a longer duration of colonization. Having a clinical infection treated with antibiotics (compared to clinical infection with no antibiotic treatment or asymptomatic carriage) was significantly associated with a shorter carriage time. Eradication treatment was associated with a shorter carriage time. Conclusion: These results may have implications for the management of patients with MRSA carriage. The study indicates that MRSA carriage can be defined as 'negative' in a follow-up program and shows the importance of performing contact tracing among household members.
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| 5. |
- Lundqvist, Pia, et al.
(författare)
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Development and psychometric properties of the Swedish ALPS-Neo pain and stress assessment scale for newborn infants
- 2014
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Ingår i: Acta Paediatrica. - : Wiley. - 0803-5253 .- 1651-2227. ; 103:8, s. 833-839
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Aim: To validate and evaluate the psychometric properties of the ALPS-Neo, a new pain assessment scale created for the continuous evaluation of pain and stress in preterm and sick term infants. Methods: A unidimensional scale for continuous pain, Astrid Lindgren Children's Hospital Pain Scale (ALPS 1), was developed further to assess continuous pain and stress in infants treated in the neonatal intensive care unit (NICU). The pain scale includes observations of five behaviours. A manual was created, clarifying the scoring criteria. An internal and an external panel assessed face validity. Psychometric properties were evaluated in three different steps. Inter-rater reliability was estimated from video-based assessments (n = 625) using weighted kappa statistics (test I). Inter-rater reliability was further evaluated in test II (n = 125) and test III (n = 96) by real-time assessments using the intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) and Cronbach's alpha. Results: The final inter-rater reliability (test III) was assessed as good with ICC 0.91 for the total score and 0.62-0.81 for the five items. Cronbach's alpha showed 0.95 for the total score. Conclusion: ALPS-Neo is a new assessment tool for optimising the management of pain and stress in newborn infants in the NICU. It has proved easy to implement and user-friendly, permitting fast, reliable observations with high inter-rater reliability.
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| 6. |
- Nordström, Karin, et al.
(författare)
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Extensive duplications of phototransduction genes in early vertebrate evolution correlate with block (chromosome) duplications.
- 2004
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Ingår i: Genomics. - : Elsevier BV. - 0888-7543 .- 1089-8646. ; 83:5, s. 852-72
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Many gene families in mammals have members that are expressed more or less uniquely in the retina or differentially in specific retinal cell types. We describe here analyses of nine such gene families with regard to phylogenetic relationships and chromosomal location. The families are opsins, G proteins (alpha, beta, and gamma subunits), phosphodiesterases type 6, cyclic nucleotide-gated channels, G-protein-coupled receptor kinases, arrestins, and recoverins. The results suggest that multiple new gene copies arose in all of these families very early in vertebrate evolution during a period with extensive gene duplications. Many of the new genes arose through duplications of large chromosome regions (blocks of genes) or even entire chromosomes, as shown by linkage with other gene families. Some of the phototransduction families belong to the same duplicated regions and were thus duplicated simultaneously. We conclude that gene duplications in early vertebrate evolution probably helped facilitate the specialization of the retina and the subspecialization of different retinal cell types.
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