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- Raty, L.K.A., et al.
(författare)
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Psychosocial aspects of health in adolescence : The influence of gender, and general self-concept
- 2005
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Ingår i: Journal of Adolescent Health. - : Elsevier BV. - 1054-139X .- 1879-1972. ; 36:6
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Purpose: The aim of this study was to describe age and gender differences in psychosocial aspects of health in adolescents. A further aim was to explore if self-rated behavior problems varied with the adolescents' general self-concept and sense of coherence. Methods: Questionnaires on self-rated psychosocial aspects of health were answered by 282 (n = 282/390) randomly selected adolescents, aged 13-22 years (M 17.9/18.0). The instruments used were "I think I am (ITIA)," "Youth Self Report (YSR)," "Sense of coherence (SOC)," and "Family APGAR." Differences between males and females (cross-individual grouping) were analyzed using nonparametric tests. A cluster analysis was performed using a three-cluster solution to identify and describe profiles (person-centered grouping). Results: Compared with males, adolescent females scored less favorably on self-esteem (ITIA) (p =. 028), reported more behavior problems (YSR) (p =. 000), and showed a lower sense of coherence (SOC) (p =. 003). The differences were most evident in the age group 15-17 years. The three clusters significantly differed from each other regarding how high proportions of problems the adolescents of each profile reported. Conclusions: Compared with male adolescents, adolescent females experienced a poorer psychosocial health in somatic, depressive, and internalizing areas. The result indicated that psychological factors had a major impact on the proportions of problems that the adolescents reported. © 2005 Society for Adolescent Medicine. All rights reserved.
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| 2. |
- Räty, L., et al.
(författare)
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The relationship between illness severity, sociodemographic factors, general self-perception and illness-specific attitude in Swedish young people with epilepsy
- 2004
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Ingår i: Seizure. - : Elsevier BV. - 1059-1311 .- 1532-2688. ; 13:6, s. 375-382
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Purpose: The aim of this study was to describe the relationship between the epilepsy condition (illness severity), sociodemographic factors, general self-concept, and illness-specific attitude in adolescents with uncomplicated epilepsy. Methods: Adolescents, aged 13–22, fulfilling criteria registered in four Swedish hospitals, answered questionnaires (n=149). The instruments “I think I am” and “Sense of coherence” measured the patients’ general self-concept. The “Child Attitude Toward Illness Scale” measured illness-specific attitude. A summary score (index) calculated from seizure frequency, seizure type, and antiepileptic drug (AED) with side effects measured “Illness Severity”. Results: Illness severity was significantly related to the participants’ general self-concept, as well as to their attitude toward their condition; i.e. higher illness severity scores were correlated with lower sense of coherence (SOC), poorer self-esteem, and a more negative attitude towards the epilepsy condition. Females had more severe illness according to the Illness Severity Index, with almost 80% found in the moderate and high severity groups as compared to 63% of males in the moderate/high severity groups. Conclusions: It was concluded that the severity of the epilepsy condition was related to the adolescents’ general self-concept and illness-specific attitude, but further research is needed to understand the causality of the relationship. The brief assessment of illness severity, constructed and used in this study should be addressed and developed further.
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| 4. |
- Starrin, B., et al.
(författare)
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Structural Changes, Ill Health, and Mortality in Sweden, 1963-1983 : A Macroaggregated Study
- 1990
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Ingår i: International Journal of Health Services. - 0020-7314 .- 1541-4469. ; 20:1, s. 27-42
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- An exploratory time series analysis was performed on selected indicators of structural change, health behavior, and ill health in Sweden in the years 1963-1983. Both synchronic (nonlagged) and asynchronic (lagged) analyses were made. The synchronic analysis of variations in the suicide rate reveals two main contributory factors: level of employment and overtime work. For cardiovascular mortality in men, the synchronic and the two-year time lagged analyses reveal that the sale of alcohol and, to a certain extent, the length of the period of unemployment play a major role. In an analysis with a three-year time lag, only one significant factor for both men and women is revealed, namely the level of employment. In the synchronic analysis of cirrhosis mortality in men, the sale of alcohol plays a dominant role. The results of the synchronic analysis of the variations in sick leave show a similar pattern for both men and women. In both cases, the sale of alcohol is positively associated and the proportion of unemployed industrial workers negatively associated with sick leave. The results give rise to a number of questions. For example, how should these findings be interpreted and how should they be related to existing knowledge about the links between business cycles and changes in the health of the population? The answers to such questions are of importance both from a scientific viewpoint and with regard to health policy. We argue that the answers require further studies of the characteristics of the periods in the business cycle and of how these periods affect people's lives, living conditions, and behavioral patterns in general.
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| 8. |
- Hall-Lord, M-L., et al.
(författare)
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Chronic pain and distress among elderly in the community : Comparison of patients' experiences and enrolled nurses' assessments
- 1999
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Ingår i: Journal of Nursing Management. - 0966-0429 .- 1365-2834. ; 7:1, s. 45-54
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- AIM: This study compared elderly patients' reported experiences of pain and distress with enrolled nurses' assessments and related potential differences to patient and enrolled nurse characteristics.BACKGROUND: Many elderly suffer from chronic pain but few studies have focused on this group of patients.METHODS: Data were collected through personal interviews with 38 patients and questionnaires completed by 38 enrolled nurses.FINDINGS: Enrolled nurses underestimated patients' experiences of physical pain, physical discomfort, breathing problems, resignation, and dependency. Pain and distress were overestimated by enrolled nurses who had lower scores on three of the five personality scales used. In contrast, enrolled nurses who had higher scores on these personality scales tended to underestimate the patients' pain and distress.CONCLUSIONS: There is a need to develop staff training programmes in order to optimize the care for elderly patients with chronic pain in the community.
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| 9. |
- Hall-Lord, M-L., et al.
(författare)
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Chronic pain and distress in older people : A cluster analysis
- 1999
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Ingår i: International Journal of Nursing Practice. - 1322-7114 .- 1440-172X. ; 5:2, s. 78-85
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Chronic pain represents a major health problem among older people. The aims of the present study were to: (i) identify various profiles of pain and distress experiences among older patients; and (ii) compare whether background variables, sense of coherence, functional ability and experiences of interventions aimed at reducing pain and distress varied among the patient profiles. Interviews were carried out with 42 older patients. A cluster analysis yielded three clusters, each representing a different profile of patients. Case illustrations are provided for each profile. There were no differences between the clusters, regarding intensity and duration of pain. One profile, with subjects of advanced age, showed a decreased functional ability and favourable scores in most of the categories of pain and distress. Another profile of patients showed favourable mean scores in all categories. The third cluster of patients showed unfavourable scores in most categories of pain and distress. There appears to be a need to treat the three groups of patients in different ways in the caring situation.
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| 10. |
- Hall-Lord, M-L., et al.
(författare)
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Elderly patients' experiences of pain and distress in intensive care : A grounded theory study
- 1994
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Ingår i: Intensive & Critical Care Nursing. - : Elsevier BV. - 0964-3397 .- 1532-4036. ; 10:2, s. 133-141
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The aim of the present study was to develop a theoretical understanding of elderly patients' experiences of pain and distress in intensive care, using a grounded theory approach. 18 patients, 7 women and 11 men, were interviewed and observed in an intensive care unit (ICU). Their average age was 76.5, varying from 70–85. A model was generated from data, according to which elderly patients' experiences of pain and distress in intensive care can be described as four interrelated aspects: a sensory, an intellectual, an emotional, and an existential dimension. 16 categories form the four dimensions. The categories, in turn, are grounded in a number of interview and observational data. The sensory dimension is formed by the categories physical pain, physical discomfort, fatigue, and breathing problems, and the intellectual dimension by the categories not knowing, difficulty in expressing oneself/not being understood and confused perception of reality. The categories in the emotional dimension are worry, fear, resignation, bitterness, anger/irritation and dependency. Finally, the existential dimension is formed by the categories despair, threat to life and death acceptance. The categories within the four dimensions may be separate, but often they interact and influence each other in various ways. The model is discussed in relation to existing models and definitions of pain, where the intellectual and existential dimensions in particular have not been emphasized in a similar way.
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