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- Knief, Ulrich, et al.
(författare)
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Highly pathogenic avian influenza causes mass mortality in Sandwich Tern Thalasseus sandvicensis breeding colonies across north-western Europe
- 2024
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Ingår i: Bird conservation international. - : Cambridge University Press. - 0959-2709 .- 1474-0001. ; 34
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In 2022, highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) A(H5N1) virus clade 2.3.4.4b became enzootic and caused mass mortality in Sandwich TernThalasseus sandvicensis and other seabird species across north-western Europe. We present data on the characteristics of the spread of the virus between and within breeding colonies and the number of dead adult Sandwich Terns recorded at breeding sites throughout north-western Europe. Within two months of the first reported mortalities, 20,531 adult Sandwich Terns were found dead, which is >17% of the total north-western European breeding population. This is probably an under-representation of total mortality, as many carcasses are likely to have gone unnoticed and unreported. Within affected colonies, almost all chicks died. After the peak of the outbreak, in a colony established by late breeders, 25.7% of tested adults showed immunity to HPAI subtype H5. Removal of carcasses was associated with lower levels of mortality at affected colonies. More research on the sources and modes of transmission, incubation times, effective containment, and immunity is urgently needed to combat this major threat for colonial seabirds.
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- Larsson, Kjell, et al.
(författare)
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Effects of an extensive Prymnesium polylepis bloom on breeding eiders in the Baltic Sea
- 2014
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Ingår i: Journal of Sea Research. - : Elsevier. - 1385-1101 .- 1873-1414. ; 88, s. 21-28
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The effects of an extensive bloom of the potentially toxic Prymnesium polylepis (Haptophyta) on breeding eiders (Somateria mollissima) in the Baltic Sea were analysed. Increasing abundances of the alternate stage P. polylepis was detected by a marine monitoring programme in the autumn 2007. The bloom peaked between March and May 2008 in the southern, central and northwestern Baltic Proper and abundances of up to 5 x 106 cells l- 1 were recorded. At several sites P. polylepis constituted between 30 and 90% of the total phytoplankton biovolume. The flagellate was only recorded in low numbers in the northeastern Baltic Proper and Gulf of Finland. The abundances were low in 2007, 2009 and 2010. In 28 eider colonies situated in the southern and central Baltic Proper, sharp and synchronous declines in the number of nesting eiders were observed from 2007 to 2008. In colonies on Gotland in the central Baltic Proper, a 76% decrease, from 6650 nests to 1620 nests, was followed by increases in 2009 and 2010, although not up to numbers observed in 2007. At Utklippan and Ertholmene in the southern Baltic Proper, the observed decreases of 55%, from 144 to 65 nests, and 36%, from 1660 to 1060 nests, respectively, between 2007 and 2008, were followed by increases in 2009 and 2010 up to the level observed in 2007. By contrast, no general decline of the number of nesting eiders was observed from 2007 to 2008 in 75 colonies in the northeastern Baltic Proper and Gulf of Finland. Hence, the spatial distribution of the P. polylepis bloom in 2008 closely matched the observed distribution of extensive non-breeding of female eiders. We suggest that the intensive spring bloom of P. polylepis, either through a toxic or non-toxic pathway, affected the main benthic food of eiders, i.e. blue mussels (Mytilus trossulus x Mytilus edulis), at pre-breeding foraging sites close to the breeding sites, and, subsequently, the body condition of adult female eiders and their breeding propensity.
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- Andersson, Göran, et al.
(författare)
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Towards strategic inter-organisational management accounting.
- 2007
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- We argue that strategic management accounting (SMA) and inter-organisational management accounting (IOMA) have developed management accounting (MA) in two dimensions. In previous theory these concepts are rather vague and they are mainly treated independently. A concept analysis focused on attributes for SMA and IOMA is performed. Similarities and differences in earlier writings are identified. The analysis shows that SMA is an academic, theory-based conceptualisation with weak practical application. The opposite is valid for IOMA. SMA is strategy- and competitor-oriented, while IOMA is measurement- and supplier-oriented. We suggest an integration of the two. With strategic inter-organisational management accounting (SIOMA) a combination of the advantages of SMA and IOMA is achieved. We suggest using SIOMA as a conceptual tool, when an enterprise attempts to improve its competitiveness.
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- Andersson, Göran, et al.
(författare)
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Värdecirkeln. Hur utvecklar IKEA och Volvo långsiktig konkurrenskraft.
- 2008
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Ökad global konkurrens ger ökad kundmakt, vilket sätter kundvärde i fokus. Kundvärde kan konkretiseras i egenskaper eller attribut för produkter. För att skapa produktattribut och kundvärde krävs aktiviteter. Om varje aktivitet utförs av det mest lämpade företaget erhålls ett effektivt värdeskapande. Gränserna mellan företag öppnas mer och mer och det är inte självklart vilket företag som skall utföra vilken aktivitet. Det har blivit allt vanligare att företag utvecklar täta relationer med kunder och leverantörer. Konkurrensen mellan företag kan vara mindre betydelsefull än konkurrensen mellan olika värdesystem. Hur hanterar företag denna nya verklighet? Hur klarar etablerade modeller som värdekedja, värdesystem och värdestjärna att beskriva och förklara uthålligt värdeskapande i denna situation? Går det att utveckla en modell för värdeskapande som bättre avbildar denna nya verklighet? Vi har genomfört fallstudier vid två stora, framgångsrika företag, Ikea och Volvo Art. Studien visar att värdekedja, värdesystem och värdestjärna har svagheter och föreslår en ny modell som vi ger namnet värdecirkel. Värdecirkeln illustrerar att nyckeln till konkurrenskraft är förmågan att identifiera kundvärde, översätta detta till produktattribut, konfigurera värdeskapande aktiviteter som genererar det identifierade kundvärdet. Värdecirkeln visar att ett ledande företag kan skaffa sig kontakt både med värdeskapandets startpunkt och slutpunkt och därigenom få ett kontinuerligt lärande. Detta ger uthållig konkurrenskraft.
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